The first written records of life in this area were recorded in the middle of the 16th century. In the annals of 1550, it is indicated that the village of Alymovo was located here. Nowadays, Alymov Street and Alymov Lane remind the descendants of the first historical name. However, in the course of archaeological research on the territory of modern Bogorodsky, it was found that life on the banks of the Yauza developed 150-200 years before the first mention in the annals. For some time, Ivan the Terrible was the owner of Alymovo, and in 1568 he signed a decree on the transfer of this territory to the Chudov Monastery. At the beginning of 1680, a wooden chapel was built in the church cemetery in honor of the Assumption of the Holy Mother of God. Since that time, the name Bogorodskoye has been attached to the village.
At different times, many people lived in Bogorodskoe famous people, for example: Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Ivan Shishkin, Alexander Borodin and others. And on st. Millionnaya, 15, building 1, a memorial plaque is installed on which it is indicated that the legendary football goalkeeper Lev Yashin lived in this house.
Approximately in the interval from 1876 to 1880. a wooden church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was built in the village, which has survived to this day. This wooden church, the only one in the capital, is a real masterpiece of Russian architecture. At the same time, Bogorodskoye was included in the boundaries of Moscow.
Within the usual boundaries and with the current status, the district was formed in 1995. Since then, it has developed quite dynamically. If we compare Bogorodskoye twenty years ago and now, the difference will be huge. Once, it was a working outskirts, and now it is a modern area with prestigious residential complexes.
District Bogorodskoe It is part of the Eastern Administrative District of Moscow.
The area of the district is 1105 hectares. The population is about 76 thousand people.
There is 1 metro station on the territory of the Bogorodskoye district of Moscow ( Podbelskogo street).
Bogorodskoe - district of the East administrative district Moscow, as well as the corresponding intracity municipality of the same name.
About 65% of the district's territory is located in a unique green area - national park Elk Island.
The first information about the settlement, located on the territory of the current Bogorodsky district, is found in the census book of the 16th century, where it is called Alymovo - the patrimony of Prince Lykov-Obolensky.
In 1568, Ivan the Terrible signed a letter granting these lands to the Chudov Monastery. In 1680, a wooden chapel was built in honor of the Assumption of the Holy Mother of God at the church cemetery. Since then, the village has been called Bogoroditsky or Bogorodsky.
In the era of Peter I, the first paper production in Russia was born here, but already in early XIX century Bogorodskoye passed into state ownership. It was then that the construction of cottages began, which were very popular. Ivan Shishkin, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Alexander Borodin, Mily Balakirev lived here.
In 1879, Bogorodsky was included in the boundaries of Moscow. In 1886, a horse-drawn line was laid from Sokolniki to Bogorodskoye. railway, and in 1912 the line was reconstructed into a tram line.
Today, the Bogorodsky district is developing intensively, has many residential areas and good infrastructure.
District border
The border of the Bogorodskoye district passes: along the axis of Bogorodsky Val street, then along the axis of the Yauza riverbed (including the territory of CJSC MPO Krasny Bogatyr), the eastern borders of the right of way of the Yaroslavl direction of the Moscow Railway (MZhD), the axis of the Small Ring of the Moscow Railway, axes.
Today, named after the village of the same name, it is known as one of the districts on. historical territory settlements are much smaller than the existing administrative boundaries. Until the middle of the XIX century. it occupied a small space on the left bank of the Yauza. An unnamed stream flowed to the north, and after 200-300 meters to the south the wooden houses ended, giving way to fields and wastelands on both sides of the rural road.
An older name - Alymovo - is found in the cadastral book of the Moscow district of 1550-1551. But the settlement arose long before that. Archaeological surveys carried out here revealed the cultural layer of the XIV-XV centuries. with red ceramics characteristic of that time. The paucity of sources does not allow us to find out who owned the village during this period, but in the middle of the 16th century. these lands were owned by Prince Ivan Lykov-Obolensky. Alymovo was one of the five villages recorded for him in the Vasiltsov camp.
Some light on the original history of these places can be shed by the toponym Alymovo, which is now preserved in the names and: it comes from the Tatar name Alym (Alim). It is tempting to associate Alymovo with one of the Horde natives of the 14th century. Among Russians noble families known surname Alymov. However, materials on the history of this family have been preserved only since the 17th century, and its early fate and origin remain a mystery to us.
In contrast, the history of the Obolensky princes can be traced quite clearly. Representatives of this branch of the Chernigov princely house served in Moscow from the second half of the 14th century. In the feudal war of the second quarter of the XV century. they played an important role in the victory of Vasily II over Dmitry Shemyaka. Vasily II had a son Andrei, who inherited Staritsa. The owner of Alymov-Bogorodsky Ivan Lykov-Obolensky subsequently served the Staritsky princes. The repressions of Ivan IV did not pass by this kind. Under 1569, the name of Prince Ivan Lykov was mentioned among the victims of the oprichnina, and his possessions were confiscated.
But Alymovo passed to the king earlier than this date. In 1568, it, along with other villages that previously belonged to Lykov, was exchanged by the Tsar for the Chudov Monastery for Kostroma and Staritsa possessions. The charter of exchange calls Alymovo a village, but the scribe books of the 20s of the 17th century. they kept mention of it as the village of Alymov, Bogorodskoye, too, on both banks of the Yauza, with the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. As for the master's court, it continued to remain in the 17th century, but already as a monastery.
Similar memories of a large village, obviously, belonged to the XV - the first half of the XVI century. But, judging by the description of 1573-1574, the settlement was a very modest monastic village with several courtyards. The situation has not changed even more than half a century later. The census book of 1646 includes 6 peasant and bobyl households. Up until the 19th century. their number grew extremely slowly and fluctuated between 6-9.
Alymovo, apparently, suffered during the Time of Troubles (it is known that in early XVII in. military clashes were going on in the neighboring one, and the nearby Krasnoye Selo was completely burned down), and the monastic authorities lease it for life to Prince Mikhail Beloselsky.
In the sources, the name of Prince Mikhail Vasilyevich Beloselsky begins to be found in 1610. He voivodship in various cities, and for leaving Vyazma in 1617, in fear of the invasion of the Polish prince Vladislav, he was flogged and exiled to Siberia, from where, however, he returned very quickly. During the Smolensk War in 1634, he was captured by the Poles, after which Tsar Mikhail Romanov was sentenced to death, from which he was saved by the fact that during the siege of Smolensk he was seriously ill. His name was last mentioned in 1637.
In Alymov, he settled his "business" people in the monastery courtyard, as evidenced by the scribe book of 1627. The description of 1646 calls Alymovo already purely monastic. The duties of the peasants consisted in corvée and dues, but more in the latter. "Bad land" brought little income. More benefit was from mowing on both sides of the river. The village itself in the 17th century. lay along the left bank, crowding to the road that connected it with Preobrazhensky. At the end of the century, a wooden chapel was built here, and since that time Alymovo has been increasingly called the village of Bogoroditsky or Bogorodsky.
To the south of it, in 1704, they began to build a paper factory - in the area of \u200b\u200bthe former mill, in the 16th century. listed outside the village of Chudovka, and in the 17th century. - for Alymov. The state-owned enterprise was built at great cost and did not pay off. In 1706, all seven courtyards of the village of Bogorodsky were assigned to it. The peasants worked poorly, because they did not receive anything for their work. Despite the exemption from taxes, the Chudov Monastery forced the peasants to plow and mow. In 1711, the Senate decided to hand over the plant to master Johann Barfus, a native of Germany. The enterprise became civilian, and the peasants returned to their traditional duties. Four years later, the German refused to pay rent, citing large losses. It was a clever trick: the manufactory accelerated its turnover and even illegally produced playing cards. Barfus kept the plant until his death - the business was not at all unprofitable.
In the 20-40s of the XVIII century. the factory was owned by the merchant Vasily Korotkiy, under whom the enterprise reached its true peak. Its multi-tiered wooden buildings were located on both banks of the river, next to the flour mill. Even subsidiaries appeared at the paper mill. Korotkiy produced products of different varieties, which, by the way, included tapestries. The high quality of the paper was noted by Peter I, who allowed the merchant to put filigree in the form of state symbols - a horseman slaying a serpent and his initials. Subsequently, the paper factory belonged to the noblewoman Pulcheria Vasilyeva, and at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. he no longer worked.
Bogorodskoye remained behind the Chudov Monastery until 1764, when it was secularized. Its inhabitants became subordinate to the College of Economy. The textile industry flourished among the peasants, especially flax spinning and linen weaving.
Under Paul I, Bogorodskoye was given over to the "commander" Count Nikolai Zubov, brother last favorite Catherine II. Ironically, the new owner would become one of the emperor's murderers in March 1801. Alexander I returned the "commander's" estates to the state, and their holders began to receive cash pensions. According to the data of 1852, in the village of Bogorodskoye, which was in the Department of State Property, there were 21 households and 108 inhabitants.
A new stage in the development of Bogorodsky begins in the second half of the 19th century. The local peasants were among the first in the Moscow region who paid off the redemption payments (in 1872) at the expense of profitable leases. In 1873, they divided the land among themselves, which they quickly sold. A contemporary noted that “near this village, the forest that belonged to the peasants was almost completely cut down, and all the land under it was sold by the peasants to various persons”, “many summer cottages, mostly small ones, were set up, which in the first half of this century (XIX century - Auth. ) did not exist.
Bogorodsk dachas attracted by their cheapness. In the 1880s, they were counted up to 766. The Russian intelligentsia found shelter here - the artist I.I. Shishkin, composers P.I. Tchaikovsky, A.P. Borodin, M.A. Balakirev. A summer theatre, a restaurant and many food stalls were soon built at the dachas.
Local peasants received little from the dacha industry. Some of them became impoverished and began to work for the new owners. To the question: where was the money spent? - the peasants answered: "they dressed up the wives, and transferred them to a tavern, and some planned to set up factories, and they went bankrupt." The village, according to the 10th revision (1857), which consisted of 23 households, by 1869 had 39, and by 1881 - 42 households. The local population increasingly turned into a factory. Enterprises surrounded Bogorodskoye in a dense ring already in the middle of the 19th century. These were small textile, and then dyeing establishments. The beginning of a large-scale industry was laid in 1888 by the creation of a rubber manufactory, which in 1910 was transformed into a joint-stock company Bogatyr (in Soviet times, the Krasny Bogatyr plant). The enterprise, at the origins of which was a prominent banker L.S. Polyakov, it was widely known that the imperial family was the holders of its shares.
In 1902, Bogorodskoye, which had long been subject to Moscow in terms of police and economic affairs, finally entered the city limits. Up to 40 appeared on the planned area. Stone private houses began to be built. By 1913, a tram line was built. The area was heavily built up in the southern and east directions. By 1917, its border ran along the modern one. Nevertheless, Bolshaya Bogorodskaya, built on the site of a rural road, remained the main street. Near it, in 1880, a small wooden church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was consecrated, designed in the eclectic style. The temple has been preserved, as well as another religious building - a chapel built in 1907 at the Bogorodskoye cemetery. It was made in imitation of medieval Russian architecture, the then fashionable "neo-Russian" style. The beauty of the building was complemented by multi-colored stained-glass windows and a strict crucifix, now lost. These are the last remnants of the old Bogorodskoe, buried under massive housing construction in the 1960s and 1970s. Today's appearance is made up of standard block houses and boring architecture of industrial enterprises.
Based on the materials of the book by Averyanova K.A. "History of Moscow districts".