"Theater of Greece" - Buildings of theaters. Back. Translated from Greek - "singing". Ancient Greece. Only much later, in the era of Sulla, did the Atellani receive literary processing. Theater under Octavian Augustus. Theatre. Daughter of Zeus and the muse Mnemosyne. Comedy was born out of the fun, carnival part of Dionysus' celebrations. Further. History of the Theatre.
"Ancient Greece" - 2. Stages of history Ancient Greece. P. 52 - highlight the features of antiquity. Period III millennium BC. – 5th century AD Mediterranean civilizations (Greece, Rome) The connection between private property and civil status Civil community is the basis of the policy The richest culture The foundation of modern European civilization. Ancient Hellas: political history.
"Gods of Greece" - Athena is the goddess of wisdom and just war. Artemis is the goddess of hunting, mountains and forests. Hermes is the messenger of the gods. Aphrodite is the goddess of love and beauty. Apollo is the god of the sun. Nymphs are the deities of nature, its life-giving and fruitful forces. Dionysus is the god of the fruitful forces of the earth, vegetation, viticulture, winemaking.
"The Art of Greece" - That's how the alphabet turned out. HYPNOS - god of sleep - helper of Hades. Hellas is considered the birthplace of eloquence. Culture of Ancient Greece. The literature and art of ancient Greece gave impetus to the development of European culture. Literature of Ancient Greece. The Greek alphabet already had 24 letters. Ancient Greek writing.
"Sparta" - People's Assembly. Spartan warrior. Connect the pairs: 1) aristocracy 2) democracy 3) oligarchy. Peloponnese - Lakonika - Sparta. Spartans (Spartans) are the descendants of the Dorians 9 thousand people. Make a logical chain. The luxury of iron money. Life is like in a military camp. Lakonika Sparta Peloponnese Balkan Peninsula.
"In Ancient Greece" - Olympic Games. In the Doric order, the flutes are shallow, with sharp edges. Architecture. The Olympic Games essentially lost their importance with the advent of the Romans. Stadium in Ancient Olympia. Culture of Ancient Greece. Archimedes (287 BC - 212 BC) - Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, mechanic and engineer from Syracuse.
Total in the topic 33 presentations
CONTENT OF THE WORK 1. Ancient Sparta - location on the map. 2. Education of the Spartans. Warriors are Spartans. 4. Preparation of the Hellenes for a new war 5. King Leonidas and 300 Spartans. 6. Battle of Thermopylae. Death of Tsar Leonidas 7. Conclusion with lines on the memorial plate.
In Sparta, education was a matter of national importance. Each Spartan could read, write and count, knew the history of his homeland, knew how to communicate correctly with the gods. But most of all, the Spartans succeeded in instilling courage, discipline and responsibility, in developing strength and endurance, in the ability to briefly their thoughts and endure physical suffering. Until the age of 7, the boys were brought up in the family, after which they entered the angels without fail until the age of 18, then until the age of 20, the young men underwent military training in ephebia.
In our time, there is an expression of 300 Spartans as a symbol of courage and heroism. A small detachment of heavily armed hoplites could hold an entire army for a long time. The Spartans knew how to put offenders in their place without resorting to physical reprisals against them. Leonidas 1 king of Sparta from the genus Agids, son of Anaxandrid and descendant of Hercules in the 20th generation. Leonid was the 3rd of 4 sons.
In 480 BC, a large Persian army invaded Greece. It was decided to block their way in the Thermopylae Gorge, which was a convenient point for defense. There, at Thermopylae, the first land battle took place, where the Greeks, having a secure rear, fought off enemy attacks for two days, until the traitor showed the Persians bypass paths that led the enemy to the rear of the defenders. On the night of the third day, the Persians knocked down the barrier put up by the Greeks on the pass, and, saddling the pass, began to go to the rear of the Greek army defending the Thermopylae pass. Noticing the detour, the Spartan king Leonidas released all the forces of the allies, who retreated to Athens, while he himself remained in place with 300 Spartans. The Persians surrounded the detachment of Leonidas and destroyed it in an unequal battle. Not a single Spartan surrendered to the Persians.
The feat of the Spartans of King Leonidas entered world history for centuries. Everyone knows the famous Spartan motto: with a shield or on a shield. The most respected in Sparta was a valiant death on the battlefield. The idea of a military sacrifice, Tsar Leonid with his small detachment went to war with no hope of victory. The oracle predicted to him that either the king of Sparta must die, or Sparta itself will die. To save his homeland, Tsar Leonid voluntarily goes to his death. She is brought for her homeland and for her people. Someone from the best people must die in order for the rest to live.
slide 1
slide 2
Hello! I am Anton, which in Greek means "combatant". I am 11 years old. I dream of becoming a warrior. I will tell you about my country and about myself, and you will help me with this. ANTONIOS Slide 1
slide 3
Sparta is located in southern Greece on the Peloponnese peninsula, in the valley of the Evrota River. Sparta was located: in southern Greece on the Peloponnese peninsula in the region of Lakonika on the right bank of the river. Euphrot I come from the city of Sparta. Do you know where my home is? ANTONIOS Next Answer Slide 1
slide 4
Laconic. River Evros Plain of Lakoniki. View of the ruins of Ancient Sparta I love my homeland very much, but I can't talk about it beautifully. Everyone in Laconica speaks briefly - concisely. Can you tell me how beautiful Sparta is?
slide 5
MESSENIA LAKONIKA Sparta XII-IX centuries. BC e. In the XII-IX centuries BC. e. The Dorians conquered Laconia and founded the city of Sparta. Dorians - Greek tribes Achaean Greek tribes Find out how and when my city arose. Next Answer
slide 6
MESSENIA SPARTA Sparta Why are there two Spartas on the map? Sparta was the name of the city and country founded by the Dorians. Next Answer
Slide 7
SPARTIANS My family is ancient, belongs to the Spartiates, lives in the city of Sparta since the conquest of these lands.
Slide 8
Spartans. Ancient Greek Relief Explain why the women so admonished the soldiers leaving for the war. “Either with a shield, or on a shield!” From generation to generation, my ancestors, like all Spartans, were engaged only in military affairs.
Slide 9
MESSENIA SPARTA My ancestors fought Messenia for almost two centuries. Understand how these wars ended? Sparta
slide 10
I am Tasia from Messinia, I am 15 years old. I come from a noble Messenian family. This is my father's armor. He was a commander and died in the war with Sparta. Sparta meets the winners of the war Sparta conquered Messenia and a number of other areas of the southern Peloponnese. My family, like all those who were conquered by the Spartans, are now called helots. Helots are forbidden to have weapons. This armor of my father will be taken from me by the victors. HELOTS TASIA
slide 11
Our victory is not accidental! The strength of the Spartans is in our laws, which we sacredly observe! They were created by the wise Lycurgus! LAWS OF LYCURGUS LYCURGUS
slide 12
We own together What do you think of these laws? LAWS OF LYCURGUS All Spartans are members of the community of equals. All land in Sparta belongs to the community of equals. Each family of Spartans is given an equal piece of land.
slide 13
Members of the community of equals meet regularly for sissitia - dinners where they eat very modest food and communicate with each other. I was with my father. The camaraderie reigned there, because the people included in the sissitia then fight in the same detachment!
slide 14
Drawing on an ancient Greek vase The Helots lost their lands. Now our allotments are owned by the Spartans. My family is attached to land plot Spartia, processes it and gives half of the harvest to the owner. We have no right to leave our village and are obliged to obey the will of any Spartiate.
slide 15
Sparta has two kings. They command the army during the war. The people elect a council of elders. They govern the community of equals and administer justice. The people's assembly participates in solving the main issues of the life of Sparta: the king and the council of elders make proposals, the people's assembly can accept or reject them. We manage together. Our country is ruled by the people! Do you agree? Scheme "Spartan State" LAWS OF LYCURGUS
slide 16
The Spartans are the minority of the country. And we, the helots, are in the majority, but we cannot participate in the People's Assembly! My uncle is a periek. He is a merchant. Artisans also belong to the perieks. They live in their villages. There is no place for them at the National Assembly either! Paying attention to the words of the helots is unworthy of a Spartan! And what can they do? We have an army behind us! And at 60, I might be elected to the council of elders, like my grandfather! PERIEKI
slide 17
All Spartans serve in the army from 20 to 60 years old. They should not be engaged in anything else, only military affairs. We protect together. LAWS OF LYCURGUS
slide 18
Phalanx in open formation Olympionic Tsar of the Spartan army - phalanx Phalanx in close formation PHALANX Commanders of the phalanx
slide 19
Forward, O sons of the fathers, citizens of the illustrious Sparta! Put up the shield with your left hand, Shake it boldly with your spear And do not spare your life: After all, this is not in the customs of Sparta. Song of the Spartans In the military formation, going into battle, the Spartans sang their songs to the sound of the flute. Many of them I know by heart! Read the lyrics of our song.
slide 20
I will have my own helmet. Your leather shell! Reliable Shield! Leggings for leg protection. A spear and... I will grow up and become a warrior of the best army! This Spartan's equipment is missing my favorite weapon. Do you know what? My favorite weapon is a sword!
slide 21
In military campaigns, each Spartiate has servants - helots, who wear the owner's equipment. During battles, helots carry the wounded from the battlefield. Perieki also fight in the army of Sparta. But they have their own separate units. Is it possible to compare the perieks and even more so the helots in terms of military training with the Spartans! We are prepared to fight from childhood!
slide 22
From childhood, my father bathed me in a cold mountain river - hardened me. At the age of seven I was sent to school. I live there without my parents!
slide 23
The teacher is an experienced warrior Our main activities are gymnastics, wrestling, and literacy lessons - how will it turn out! For us, the main thing is discipline, military spirit, endurance! The food is coarse and scarce, sometimes we get it ourselves Agela (group) of Spartan schoolchildren To become brave and skillful warriors, you must temper your spirit and train your body all the time!
slide 24
We compete in running and wrestling. Our girls are also very dexterous and good runners.
slide 25
Spartan boys steal food from us helots. Senior schoolchildren secretly attack our villages at night and kill the strongest men. After all, we are unarmed! A boy with a pig One day I was caught with a stolen chicken. For being caught, I was punished. But under the rods, I did not utter a word, as befits a Spartan!
slide 26
My brother was killed by the Spartans. Now there are no breadwinners in our family. The teacher said that I was the strongest and most dexterous, and promised that I would be appointed the commander of the agela! I myself will punish my subordinates!
slide 27
Anton will become the commander of the phalanx. He will die, like 300 other Spartans, in the Thermopylae Gorge, in a battle with the Persians, defending Greece. . Tasia will marry a helot and raise children. Messenia will be freed from the power of Sparta, but Tasia will not live to see this day.
slide 28
For centuries, the whole life of the Spartans was subject to strict observance of the laws of their country. It was practically a military camp. The main business of the Spartans was to serve in the army. Above all, discipline and readiness to give life for the Motherland were valued in a person. The Spartans led a harsh lifestyle, the desire for wealth and luxury, crafts, science, and art were condemned. Military art- the main thing that remains in the world heritage from these legendary times in the history of Sparta. Starting from the 5th century BC. e. Spartans will increasingly forget the laws of Lycurgus and join the traditions and culture of other Greek policies. END FIXING
4. common word for names: Euphrates, Indus, Eurotas.
State structure Sparta
COMMANDERS
TROOPS
2 Kings
Council of Elders
DISCUSSES EVERYTHING
PROBLEMS
People's Assembly
CONSISTS OF
free population
Spartans
Helots
Slaves
farmers in Sparta, considered the property of the state.
- They were Greek
2. They lived on the land of their ancestors.
3. Lived in families.
4. It was impossible to sell them.
- The Spartan could not leave Laconia without the permission of the authorities.
- The custom of citizens to eat at a common meal developed in them a spirit of solidarity
- In Sparta, military exercises took place even in times of peace.
- The strictness of the law, discipline.
- Patriotism
The Spartans for the first time in the world introduced order into the actions of warriors - they came up with the PHALANX
The phalanx consisted
from 8 rows
by a thousand warriors
everyone.
metal shield
leather armor
Legplates
Spartan upbringing
- The purpose of education was to raise a good soldier, to make a strong army,
The Spartans could do nothing but military affairs.
Patriotism
- The word Fatherland meant the land of the fathers among the ancients. For each, the Fatherland is a part of the earth that is consecrated by his family or national religion, the territory where the ancestors lived and where their ashes rest.
"The sacred land of the Fatherland", - said the Greeks.
Make a logical chain:
laconic
Balkan Peninsula
Peloponnese
Peloponnese
laconic
Why was Sparta called an open city?
What is the name of the river that flows through Sparta?
- § 31, composition - miniature:
"A Day in the Life of a Spartan"
To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com
Slides captions:
Ancient Sparta THE ANCESTORS OF THE SPARTANS WERE GREEK TRIBES COMING FROM THE NORTH OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA. THEY SET UP IN SOUTHERN GREECE. IN THE VALLEY OF THE EUROTUS IN THE LAKONIA region, SEVERAL NEIGHBOR SETTLEMENTS UNITED AND STARTED TO BE CALLED SPARTA.
SPARTANS AND HELOTS. GRADUALLY THE SPARTANS CONQUERED ALL LACONIA, AND ITS RESIDENTS WERE FORCED TO WORK FOR THEMSELVES AND STARTED TO BE CALLED HELOT. THE FERTILITY MESSENIA IS LOCATED NEAR LACONIA. THE SPARTANS, AFTER A FERIOUS FIGHT, CONQUERED THIS REGION. THE RESIDENTS OF MESSENIA WERE ALSO TURNED INTO HELOTS.
THE WHOLE LAND IN LACONIA AND MESSENIA WAS DIVISIONED BETWEEN THE SPARTANS INTO EQUAL AREAS. ON THESE ALLOTS THE HELOTS LIVED AND WORKED, GIVING TO THE SPARTANS THE AMOUNT OF GROWN GRAIN, OLIVES, VEGETABLES AND OTHER PRODUCTS, ESTABLISHED BY THE STATE. HELOTS WERE SLAVES BELONGING TO THE SPARTAN STATE, THEY WERE FORBIDDEN TO LEAVE THEIR SETTLEMENTS. . SPARTANS AND HELOTS.
THE SPARTANS TREATED THE HELOTS ROUGHLY AND CRUELLY, SHUTTERED AT THEM. FOR EXAMPLE, THEY FORCED THE HELOTS TO DRINK WINE NOT DILUTED WITH WATER, AND THEN SHOWED THEM TO THE YOUNG PEOPLE TO INSPIRE DRUNKNESS. IN LACONIA AND Messenia, the Helots were the majority of the population. Clash of Spartans and Helots. SPARTANS AND HELOTS.
FEARING THEIR AGREEMENT AND REBELLION, THE SPARTANIAN RULERS FROM TIME TO THE BEAT OF UNARMED PEOPLE. SPARTAN YOUTH WERE GIVEN SWORDS AND SENT THEM TO WALK AROUND THE SURROUNDINGS. During the day they hid, and at night they killed those helots who met on the roads. SPARTANS AND HELOTS.
FREQUENTLY YOUTH WALKED THE FIELD, KILLING THE MOST STRONG HELOTS. THE RESIDENTS OF GREECE CALLED THE MURDER OF THE HELOTS AN AWESOME ACT AND CONDEMNED THE SPARTANS FOR THAT THEY KEEP THEIR REPRESENTATIVES - GREEKS SPARTANS AND HELOTS IN SLAVE.
CREATION OF THE SPARTAN STATE. SLAVES CONSISTS OF SPARTANS, VOTE DISCUSS ALL PROBLEMS TROOP COMMANDERS FREE POPULATION
SPARTA - MILITARY CAMP. SPARTA DID NOT HAVE FORTRESS WALLS. ITS RESIDENTS STATED THAT THE ONLY RELIABLE PROTECTION OF THE CITY IS NOT STONES, BUT BRAVING MEN. THE MAIN ACTIVITY OF THE SPARTANS WAS MILITARY, THE BEST INFANTRY IN GREECE WAS CONSIDERED SPARTAN
SPARTAN ARMY. THE ARMAMENT OF THE SPARTAN WARRIOR CONSISTED OF: METAL HELMET SPEAR LEATHER ARMOR SWORD LEGS LARGE METAL SHIELD.
THE PHALANX CONSISTED OF 8 ROWS OF A THOUSAND WARRIORS IN EACH. THE FIRST 3 ROWS PUT THE SPEARS FORWARD. PHALANX CUT INTO THE ENEMY AND DESTROY HIM. THE SPARTANS FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE WORLD INTRODUCED ORDER TO THE ACTIONS OF THE VOINOVONI INVENTED A PHALANX SPARTAN ARMY.
SPARTA LIKE A MILITARY CAMP WHERE NO ONE COULD LIVE AS HE WANTS. SPARTANS WERE FORBIDDEN TO ENGAGE IN TRADE AND CRAFTS, ANY MANUAL WORK WAS DESPITED. FOREIGNERS DID NOT COME TO SPARTA. THERE WERE NOTHING TO SELL HERE AND THERE WAS NOTHING TO ADMIRE: IN THE CITY THEY DID NOT BUILD BEAUTIFUL BUILDINGS, DID NOT PUT STATUES.
THE RESIDENTS OF SPARTA WERE NOT ALLOWED TO GO ABROAD FOR FEAR THAT THEY WOULD NOT IMITATE THE LIFE OF ANOTHER. SPARTANS WERE FORBIDDEN TO HAVE DINING. UNITED IN GROUPS OF FIVE AND A DOZEN, THE MEN ate THE SAME FOOD TOGETHER: POTSTOCK, VEGETABLES, A LITTLE CHEESE AND ONLY OCCASIONALLY MEAT AND FISH.
ONCE A FAMOUS COMMANDER RETURNED TO SPARTA AFTER A VICTORY. HE IMMEDIATELY SENT FOR HIS SHARE OF FOOD, WANTING THIS TIME TO EAT WITH MY WIFE. HE WAS NOT ONLY REFUSED, BUT IN ADDITION, FINED. COMPLIANCE WITH ALL THE RULES IS VIEWLY MONITORED BY THE COUNCIL OF ELDERS, POSSESSING HUGE AND UNCONTROLLED POWER.
THE COUNCIL INCLUDED THE MOST WORTHY CITIZENS NOT UNDER 60 years old. THEY PARTICIPATED IN THE MEETINGS FOR LIFE. THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY, COMPOSED OF MALE SPARTANS, CHOSEN THE ELDERS, DECLARED WAR AND CONCLUDED PEACE. HOWEVER, ONLY THE ELDERS HAVE THE RIGHT TO SPEAK IN THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY. THE OTHER SHOUTING VOTE FOR OR AGAINST THE OFFERS THEY MADE.
THE ARMY IS COMMANDED BY TWO LEADERS, THEY ARE CALLED TSARS. THE POWER OF KINGS WAS HEREDITED, BUT IT WAS NOT GREAT. THE KINGS WERE INTO THE COUNCIL OF ELDERS AND USUALLY OBEYEDLY DOING HIS WILL. IN THE 6th CENTURY B.C. e. SPARTA BECAME ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL POLICES OF GREECE.
THE CHILDREN'S WAY OF VOTING IN SPARTA IN PLACE OF THE DEAD ELDER, THE SPARTANS CHOOSE A NEW ONE. ELECTIONS HAPPENED IN THE PEOPLE'S ASSEMBLY. BEFORE THE MEETING, ONE AFTER ANOTHER PASSED SILENTLY ONE AFTER ANOTHER, ALL WHO WAS ATTENDING THE HONOR OF BECOME ELDER. THE PEOPLE greeted everyone with a cry of approval. AND TO DEFINE WHICH OF THEM IS CHOSEN, THEY DO THIS. IN A NEIGHBOR HOUSE SEVERAL SPARTANS WERE LOCKED UP AND TRUSTED BY THE OTHERS. THEY HEARD EVERYTHING, BUT SEE NOTHING. CHOSEN THEY DECLARED THE ONE FOR WHOM, AS THEY SEEMED, THEY SCREAMED LOUDER THAN OTHERS. GREEKS FROM OTHER CITIES DESCIOUSLY CALLED THIS WAY OF VOTING CHILDREN'S (probably because small children, when arguing, often turn to shouting: each, proving his case, tries to outshout the other).
SPARTAN EDUCATION. THE GREEKS STATED THAT CHILDREN IN SPARTA DO NOT BELONG TO PARENTS BUT TO THE STATE. THE FATHER SHOULD TAKE THE NEWBORN TO THE ELDERS. THEY EXAMINATED THE CHILD AND, IF THEY FOUND IT STRONG, THEY GIVED IT TO THE FATHER. IF THE CHILD WAS SICK, THEY WAS THROWED FROM THE MOUNTAIN CLIMB INTO THE AN ASSIST.
AT THE HEAD OF EACH TEAM THEY WERE PLACED THE ONE WHO DIFFERED IN INTELLIGENCE AND WAS BRAVER ALL IN FIGHTS. THE OTHERS FOLLOWED HIS ORDERS AND SILENTLY SUFFERED THE PUNISHMENT. ONE OF THE MOST RESPECTED SPARTANS WAS APPOINTED AS THE BOYS' CHIEF EDUCATOR. THE GAMES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE CHILDREN WERE ALSO SUPPOSED BY OLD PEOPLE. THEY TRIED TO CAUSE A FIGHT AND A FIGHT, AND THEN OBSERVED WHETHER THEIR PETS ARE COURAGEOUS, IF THEIR FIGHTS RESISTANT.
THE CHILDREN WERE TEACHED TO PERMANENTLY ENDURANCE INCONVENIENCES AND DESTRUCTIONS. THEY RUN HALF-NAKED AND UNSHOEED, SLEEPING ON THE LATTERS WHICH THEY PREPARED THEMSELVES, BREAKING THE REED ON THE BANK OF THE EUROTUS WITH BARE HANDS. THE BOYS WERE SMALL, ENCOURAGING THEM TO GET FOOD FOR THEIRSELF. THEY STOLEN NOT ONLY IN GARDENS AND OTHERS, BUT EVEN IN TEMPLE FOOD DESIGNATED TO SACRIFICE TO THE GODS. DRAGGING EVERYTHING EDIBLE FROM UNDER THE NOSE OF THE SENTRY - VEGETABLES, BREAD, CHEESE. BUT IF A THIEF CAUGHT, HIM WAS BEATENED WITH THE WHIP, PUNISHING NOT FOR THEFT, BUT FOR UNSKILLED THEFT.
YOUNG SPARTANS WERE TEACHED TO SPEAK BRIEFLY, GIVE ACCURATE AND ACCURATE ANSWERS (such speech is called concise - after the name of the Laconia region). THE ATHENIANS CONSIDERED THE SPARTANS as ignoramuses, BECAUSE THEY TAUGHT LITERATURE LITTLE.
BUT BOTH BOYS AND GIRLS WAS INTENSELY ENGAGED IN GYMNASTICS: THEY COMPETED IN RUNNING, JUMPING, WRESTLING, DISC AND SPEAR THROWING. THE BOYS FOR HOURS LEARNED TO THE SOUND OF THE FLUTE WAR SONGS WITH WHICH THE SPARTANS WENT INTO BATTLE. YOUNG SINGERS GLORIFIED THE DEAD FOR SPARTA, CURSED THE CORSES, PROMISING IN THE FUTURE TO PROVE THEIR COURAGE AND TO PERFORM FEATS WORTH TO BE PRESERVED FOR CENTURIES.
DURING ONE OF THE WARS, THE SPARTANS WAS FORECASTED THAT THEY WILL WIN IF AN ATHENIAN LEAD THEIR ARMY. BUT THE ATHENIANS SENT NOT THE GENERAL LEADER, BUT THE LAME SCHOOL TEACHER TYRTEUS IN DECK. THE SPARTANS FIRST JUSTED HIM. HOWEVER, TIRTAEUS WAS A POET HIS FIRE SONGS RAISED THE SPIRIT OF THE WARRIORS AND THE SPARTANS WON. WITH THE SONGS OF TIRTEUS THE SPARTANS WENT INTO BATTLE. IN HIS POETS, THE POET SUMMARIZED THE SOLDIER DEVOTED TO THE HOMELAND THE LEGEND ABOUT THE POET TIRTEE