June 29, 2018 agency TASS, the D-30 missile system with the R-30 Bulava intercontinental ballistic missile, according to the results of successful tests in 2018, was adopted by the Russian Navy. This was reported to TASS by a source in the Russian military-industrial complex.
Volley launch of four Bulava ballistic missiles from the White Sea at the Kura test site from the Project 955 strategic nuclear submarine missile cruiser of the Northern Fleet "Yuri Dolgoruky" 05/22/2018
"The test firing program set by the military department has been fully and successfully completed, the reliability of the Bulava has been confirmed, which has removed all obstacles for the missile to be put into service. The corresponding decision has been made, Required documents signed," the source said.
The R-30 Bulava intercontinental ballistic missile has been developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering since the mid-1990s. Chief designers - Yuri Solomonov and Alexander Sukhodolsky. According to media reports, this three-stage solid-propellant missile can carry up to six individually targetable warheads. Designed to arm Project 955 Borey nuclear submarines, each submarine has 16 launchers.
In total, since 2005, about 30 test launches of the R-30 rocket have been carried out, about a third of them were accompanied by various technical problems. The last test took place on May 22, 2018 - the K-535 Yuri Dolgoruky submarine fired four Bulavas at once. Pilot operation of the missile began in 2013, when the Project 955 lead missile carrier was accepted into the Russian Navy.
Volley launch of four Bulava ballistic missiles from the White Sea at the Kura test site from the Project 955 Yury Dolgoruky strategic nuclear submarine missile cruiser of the Northern Fleet on May 22, 2018 (c) Russian Ministry of Defense:
As of May 2018 with Navy(Navy) - three submarines of the Borey project armed with R-30: K-535 Yuri Dolgoruky, K-550 Alexander Nevsky and K-551 Vladimir Monomakh. According to the modernized Borey-A project, five more submarine missile carriers are being built. After 2023, six more submarines of this project will be built. With their transfer, the number of new strategic submarines in the combat strength of the fleet will reach 14 units.
From "Bark" to "Mace"
The history of the creation of "Mace" is full of drama. Since the late 1980s, scientists have been conducting research and development work to create a ballistic missile for fourth-generation submarines ("Borey").
Initially, it was supposed to modernize the D-19 missile system with the R-39 missile, installed on the previous generation missile carriers (Project 941 "Shark"). This project was carried out by a traditional developer - the Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering (now the Makeev State Rocket Center).
He proposed for her a modernized three-stage R-39R missile, which was installed on the world's largest submarine missile carriers of the Akula project. But the first three tests of the R-39UTTH "Bark" were unsuccessful. In addition, the weight of the rocket turned out to be higher than it was determined in the terms of reference. For her, the project of a new submarine would have to be redone, but there was no time and money for this.
The government commission decided to replace the Bark with a marine analogue of the Topol-M mobile ground-based complex, which was lighter than the R-39UTTKh, successfully passed all the tests and has already been adopted by the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN). As a result, in 1998, the topic "Bark" was closed, and the design of a new submarine was transferred to the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (JSC "MIT Corporation"), which had previously specialized in "land" solid-propellant missiles (in particular, "Topol-M") The main designers of the project are Yuri Solomonov (until September 2010) and Alexander Sukhodolsky.
A number of military experts assured that the institute would be able to create a missile unified with Topol-M, which would save the military budget and simplify technological chains.
But it turned out to be very difficult, almost impossible, to make a sea rocket out of a land-based rocket. Especially if the designers of MIT have never dealt with such missiles. Despite the fact that, ironically, the general designer of MIT and Topol, and then the Bulava, Yuri Solomonov graduated from the Moscow aviation institute, having defended his diploma just on a naval rocket. But he always did only ground ones, starting with the RSD-10 "Pioneer" and ending with the RT-2PM2 "Topol-M"
Victor Litovkin, TASS military observer
Nuclear submarine "Dmitry Donskoy"
© Lev Fedoseev/TASS
MIT has been designing a "marine" missile since the early 1990s. The project received the code "Mace". To speed up work and save money, it was decided to abandon test launches from a special submersible stand. After three successful throw tests of the Bulava mock-up, it was decided to start test launches from a submarine - the modernized submarine TK-208 "Dmitry Donskoy" of project 941UM "Akula".
Critical Mace
On September 23, 2004, they conducted throwing (to a height of 40 m) tests from under the water. The first test launch of the missile (from the surface position) was carried out on September 27, 2005 and was recognized as "partially successful." The next launch (the first from a submerged position) - December 21, 2005 - was successful. After that, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov promised to take the missile into service by the end of 2007. However, the next six launches in 2006-2008 were accompanied by various technical problems, and the introduction of the missile into service was delayed.
Their peculiarity was that the causes of accidents were different each time. Which indicated not design flaws, but flaws in the rocket assemblers at the Votkinsk plant in Udmurtia and low-quality components that came from 600 subcontractors, and low control over their compliance with technical regulations
Victor Litovkin, TASS military observer
At that time, many media outlets began to criticize Bulava. According to Litovkin, especially tried those "who had an order for their rocket for project 955 taken away.""They pretended not to remember that when creating their own R-39 missile for the Project 941 cruiser, more than half of the first 17 test launches were also unsuccessful," the expert says.
Nuclear submarine "Yuri Dolgoruky"
© Press Service of the Northern Fleet
Nevertheless, "Bulava" has proved its efficiency and effectiveness. Since 2011, test launches have been carried out from the lead submarine of Project 09550, the Yury Dolgoruky nuclear submarine missile carrier. As part of the program of joint state tests, launches were carried out in August and October, and on December 28, 2011, a volley of two missiles was fired.
Full immersion: the history of the Russian submarine fleet
Four generations of Russian submarines: from Dolphin to strategic Boreys in a special TASS project
On January 10, 2013, simultaneously with the hoisting of the naval flag on the Yury Dolgoruky, the R-30 missile was put into service. At the same time, flight design tests of the Bulava continued for several more years: after an unsuccessful launch on September 6, 2013, an additional cycle of test launches was scheduled. In total, from September 27, 2005 to May 23, 2018, 27 launches were made, of which 15 were recognized as successful, the rest were partially successful or unsuccessful: there were failures in control systems, warhead breeding, engines of the second and third stages.
Main caliber
The official tactical and technical characteristics of the Bulava were not published in the open press. But it is known that the launch weight of the rocket is about 36.8 tons, the launch weight is 1150 kg, the length in the launch container is 12.1 m, the diameter is 2 m. According to media reports, the maximum range is up to 10,000 km. The circular probable deviation (an indicator of firing accuracy) of a rocket, according to experts, can range from 120 to 350 m.
The high accuracy of the warheads and the speed of approach to the target, which is sometimes called hypersonic, allow the missile to overcome any missile defense system, both existing and future.
Victor Litovkin, TASS military observer
Cold breath "Borea"
The Bulava is the main weapon of the Borei-class submarines. They can launch her from under the thickness arctic ice. For this, submarines of the old projects of the Kalmar and Dolphin types had to break through the ice with their hulls and only after that begin preparations for launching missiles. According to military experts, such a maneuver greatly unmasks the cruiser in preparation for a missile attack.
"Boreas" can shoot on the move without preparation. This opportunity appeared thanks to the "old" project of the boat with the Bark missile system. On it, the designers created a system for launching missiles from under the ice, when several unguided munitions are launched from the missile silo a few seconds before the missile exits. It is they who clear the way for the main strike complex of the boat, exploding on contact with ice.
And although the range of the missile is not very long (up to 10,000 km), it allows it, together with the Project 955 submarine missile cruiser, to solve all the tasks assigned to it and makes the Bulava strike irresistible.
Victor Litovkin, TASS military observer
Project 955 strategic missile submarine "Vladimir Monomakh"
© Lev Fedoseev/TASS
Boreas are capable of continuously performing combat missions at any point in the world's oceans for three months, while being at a depth of about 400 m. In the West, these boats have already been dubbed "deep monsters." As Lieutenant Commander Alexander Kalinin, commander of the BCH-2 group on the Yury Dolgoruky submarine, told the Zvezda TV channel in 2014, if we compare this submarine with previous generations and foreign ships, then "they are resting." "Both in terms of speed and other characteristics. The ship is very good, it's worth being afraid. And rightly so they (in the West) do that they are afraid," he said.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS "BOREA"
Double-hulled submarine: the crew, reactor, turbines, missile silos, other important systems and mechanisms are in a strong hull capable of withstanding high water pressure; outside is a "light" hull, giving the submarine a streamlined shape.
According to open sources, the length of the Project 955 boat is 170 m, width - 13.5 m, draft - 10 m. Surface displacement of the submarine - 14,720 tons, underwater - 24 thousand tons. surface speed - 15 knots, underwater - up to 29 knots. Endurance of navigation - 90 days, crew - 107 people.
The submarine is equipped with a single-shaft steam turbine nuclear power plant with a capacity of about 50 thousand horsepower, developed at OKBM. I.I. Afrikantova. The thermal power of the pressurized water reactor OK-650V is 190 MW.
For "Boreev" for five years, the Ministry of Defense has acquired 102 ballistic missiles. In November 2017, at a meeting of the collegium of the Ministry of Defense, it became known that work had begun on the creation of a nuclear submarine with improved characteristics "Borey-B". It was reported that he will receive the body of his predecessor, but thanks to the installation of a new jet propulsion, its noise will be significantly reduced.
WATERJET
It creates jet thrust thanks to the ejected jet of water and, unlike the classic propeller, creates significantly less noise. They are equipped with the British Trafalgar-class submarines and the American Seawolf. In the USSR, an experimental jet nozzle was first installed on the diesel-electric submarine B-871 "Alrosa", built in 1988-1990.
However, on May 21, 2018, a source in the military-industrial complex told TASS that the boats of this project were not included in the state armament program for 2018-2027. He clarified that "the construction of a new series of Project 955A submarines will begin at Sevmash after 2023."
In total, it is planned to build six Boreev-A, which will serve in the Northern and Pacific fleets. With the completion of this series, the Navy will have 14 new strategic nuclear submarines: 11 of the Borey-A class and three of the Borey class. TASS source in the defense industry
Currently, five submarines of the Borey-A type are under construction. The last ship of this series, Knyaz Pozharsky, was laid down in December 2016. This year, it is expected that the lead underwater strategic missile carrier of Project 955A (Borey-A) Knyaz Vladimir will enter the Navy. The submarine is being tested in the Northern Fleet.
PreparedRoman Azanov
The material uses data from "TASS-Dossier"
D-30 / 3K-30 / B-30 Bulava-M complex, R-30 / 3M-30 / RSM-56 Bulava / Bulava-30 missile - SS-NX-32 / SS-N- 32
Submarine ballistic missile (SLBM) with intercontinental range. Developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT), chief designer - (since 20.09.2010 - A.P. Sukhadolsky). According to Western data, preliminary design of the missile began in 1992. When creating a new SLBM, MIT used the developments on the ICBM project (range 9500 km, weight 16 tons) using a new type of mixed fuel for solid propellant rocket engines. According to the initial plans, the mass of SLBMs was to be 26-28 tons. Later, for the same reasons that the design of the 2nd and 3rd stages of the SLBM "" was changed, the weight and size characteristics of the missile were changed ( source - Colonel General A. Sitnov "Mace" ...). The decision to change the project was caused by the cessation of fuel production in Ukraine (conversion to the production of household chemicals).
In November 1997, after the third unsuccessful launch of the SLBM "", the ministers of the Russian government Y. Urinson and I. Sergeev (former commander of the Strategic Missile Forces) in a letter to Prime Minister V. Chernomyrdin raised the issue of transferring the design of the main SLBM of the Navy to the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. In November and December 1997, two Interdepartmental Commissions, created by order of the Minister of Defense of Russia, worked to study the failures of SLBM tests "". The commission included representatives of the MIT, the Arms Department of the Russian Ministry of Defense and the Strategic Missile Forces. The Second Interdepartmental Commission recommended to continue testing the missile with the adoption of two SSBNs pr.941U, but representatives of the Armaments Directorate and the Strategic Missile Forces proposed to stop the development of SLBMs. Main reasons:
- development of the most unified interspecific small-sized missile for the Strategic Missile Forces and the Navy "Bulava";
- separation by years of peaks in financing the rearmament of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Navy ("Topol-M" and "Bulava");
- cost savings;
At the beginning of 1998, the conclusions of the commission were approved by the Military-Technical Council of the Russian Ministry of Defense. In January 1998, the issue was considered by a commission established by order of the President of Russia. In the fall of 1998, at the suggestion of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy V. Kuroyedov, the Security Council of Russia officially closed the topic "" and after a competition under the auspices of Roscosmos (participants - MIT and the Makeev State Research Center with the project "" Chief Designer Kaverin Yu.A.) started designing the Bulava SLBM at MIT. At the same time, the redesign of SSBN pr.955 for the Bulava missile was started. At the same time, control over the development of SLBMs was entrusted to the 4th Central Research Institute of the Russian Ministry of Defense (headed by V. Dvorkin), which had previously been in charge of supervising the creation of ICBMs, and the "marine" 28th Central Research Institute of the Russian Ministry of Defense was removed from work on SLBMs.
Loading of the 3M-30 "Bulava" rocket at the assembly and equipment base of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant, publication April 2016 ().
The design of the Bulava SLBM was probably already underway as of December 1998 - it was at this time that the FSUE "NPO Avtomatiki named after academician N.A. Semikhatov" became the lead developer of the control system in cooperation with the NPC .Pilyugin. At the same time (December 1998), the Makeev State Central Center was already working on the design of communication systems and equipment of the complex in cooperation with MIT. The development of solid propellant rocket propellant charges was started by NPO "Altai" (Biysk) in 1998, and the first nozzleless test of the 1st stage engine with the expiration of combustion products in both directions was carried out in 1999. In 1999, the development of technological equipment for loading, storage and transportation of missiles, as well as for the experimental testing of launch systems, the Special Engineering Design Bureau (St. Petersburg) was involved. Bench equipment for testing the launch of missiles was developed by KBSM with the direct participation of Yu.S. Solomonov, A.P. Sukhadolsky and V.P. Efimov (all - MIT). The draft design of the 3M-30 Bulava SLBM was officially protected by the MIT in 2000.
Tests. When creating the rocket, it was decided to abandon the traditional test launches of the rocket from submersible stands. There were no rocket launches from the Nenoksa test site. Fire tests of stages, individual units of the rocket were carried out in full. At the stands (including the gas-dynamic stand of the Makeev State Research Center), the exit of the rocket from the silo and from the water was practiced - more than 10 stands were involved. Ballistic launches of missile mock-ups were carried out at the 18th engineering and testing range of the Russian Ministry of Defense - the site of the special engineering design bureau in Elizavetinka near St. Petersburg. At the KBSM test site, three launches of the SLBM mock-up were made from the SM-E336 ground-based drop test stand using a full-scale submarine silo. Incl. a launch (s) was made with a simulator of the SLBM 1st stage engine. The positive results of the throw tests from the ground stand made it possible to move on to the throw tests from the submarine in the surface position. On the hydrodynamic stand SM-E330, the standard system for pressurizing the volume of the under-cover space was tested in natural conditions, the loads on the product in the initial period of the launch were specified. After positive tests on this stand, it was decided to move on to launches from a submarine from a submerged position.
Throw range launch of the 3M-30 "Bulava" missile from the full-scale stand SM-E336. The first frame - the starting solid propellant rocket engine / PAD is working, the second frame - free flight, the third frame - the launch of the 1st stage solid propellant rocket engine, the fourth frame - the 1st stage of the rocket is working. 18th engineering test site of the Russian Ministry of Defense, site of the KBSM test site in Elizavetinka near St. Petersburg (frame from the film "MIT. 60 years in the strategic direction").
Site for test launches of SLBM 3M-30 "Bulava" with a full-scale stand SM-E336. 18th engineering test site of the Russian Ministry of Defense, site of the KBSM test site in Elizavetinka near St. Petersburg (http://maps.googcle.com).
Test launches missiles R-30 "Bulava":
| the date | Status | Carrier | Place of testing | Start type | Note | |
| 0 | up to 2004 incl. | successful | stand SM-E336 | ground | Three throw launches of the SLBM mock-up were made. Incl. a launch (s) was made with a simulator of the SLBM 1st stage engine. The positive results of the throw tests from the ground stand made it possible to move on to the throw tests from the submarine in the surface position. | |
| 00 | 11.12.2003 | successful | Barents Sea | underwater | Throwing launch of a weight-size model from the surface position, the model reached a height of 40 m. The launch was carried out as part of the post-repair test program for the TK-208 SSBN. |
|
| 000 | 23.09.2004 | successful | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | Barents Sea | underwater | Throwing launch of a weight-size model from a submerged SSBN position. According to other sources, the launch did not take place due to a malfunction; |
| 0000 | 2004-2005 | successful | stand SM-E330 | 18th training ground of the Russian Ministry of Defense, Elizavetinka | ground | Throw launches with simulated launch from under water in terms of the impact on the launcher and missile, successful tests on this stand made it possible to proceed to launches from a submarine from a submerged position. |
| 1 | 27.09.2005 | successful | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | surface | At 17-20 Moscow time, warheads from the White Sea hit targets at the Kura training ground (Kamchatka). A failure in the operation of the 3rd stage was noted. |
| 2 | 21.12.2005 | successful | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | underwater | The first launch from a submerged position at 08-19 Moscow time from the White Sea, warheads hit targets at the Kura training ground (Kamchatka) |
| 3 | 07.09.2006 | refusal | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | underwater | from a submerged position, failure of the 1st stage, the rocket fell into the sea a few minutes (a minute?) After launch |
| 4 | 25.10.2006 | refusal | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | underwater | from a submerged position, deviation from the course 200 seconds after the start, self-destruction, falling into the sea |
| 5 | 24.12.2006 | refusal | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | surface | launch from the surface, failure of the 3rd stage at 3-4 minutes of flight, self-destruction |
| 6 | 28.07.2007 | partially successful | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | underwater | launch from a submerged position, 1 of 3 MIRV did not reach the test site |
| 7 | 11.11.2007 | refusal | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | underwater | failure of the 1st stage at 23 seconds of flight |
| 8 | 18.09.2008 | partially successful | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | underwater | from a submerged position, a fully standard launch with a failure at the stage of disengagement of warheads. There is an assumption that a new type of warheads was being tested. |
| 9 | 28.11.2008 | successful | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea (Barents Sea - ) | underwater | from a submerged position, fully successful launch Launched a single technological unit with telemetry () |
| 10 | 23.12.2008 | refusal | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea (Barents Sea - ) | underwater | launch was carried out at 6-00 Moscow time, failure of the 3rd stage when turned on at 91 seconds of flight, self-destruction, the official cause of the failure was a defective stage separation squib; the launch was previously planned for December 21, 2008, but was postponed; Launched a single technological unit with telemetry () |
| 11 | 15.07.2009 | refusal | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | underwater | failure of the 1st stage, self-destruction at 20 seconds of flight (28 seconds according to other data); According to unconfirmed unofficial data, the launch was unscheduled and forced due to a violation of the storage technology for SLBMs in the SSBN mine. According to another version, the cause of the failure was the abnormal operation of the gas generator that generates electricity for the rocket systems. Unconfirmed information about the damage to the instrument compartment during the transportation of the rocket. Allegedly, in preparation for the launch, the rocket was repeatedly reloaded into a launcher on a submarine (9 times). |
| 11+ | 27.10.2009 | no start | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | did not take place | the rocket launch did not take place due to a failure in the command system for issuing a flight mission |
| 12 | 09.12.2009 | refusal | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | underwater | launch from a submerged position, failure of the 2nd stage - failure to open the sliding nozzle of the engine due to a manufacturing defect The launch is famous for the visual effect in the upper atmosphere, which was observed over large areas of Scandinavia. The reason for the unsuccessful launch was a malfunction of the mechanism for extending the nozzle of the second stage - the retractable rod - the rod was not made of titanium (as it should have been), but of steel (). |
| 13 | 07.10.2010 | successful | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | underwater | according to information dated 07/30/2010, a test launch of the first rocket from a series of three reference samples is planned in August 2010 (08/11-14/2010); 03.09.2010 announced the postponement of tests to 09-12.09.2010, 22.09.2010 - announced the transfer of tests to the end-September - beginning of October 2010. 06.10.2010 announced launch plans for 07- 10/10/2010 Based on the results of the launch, media reports said "The launch was declared successful. The parameters of the missile's trajectory were worked out in the normal mode. The warheads successfully arrived at the Kura test site." The launch was made from a submerged position. Later, the results of the launch were called "satisfactory." |
| 14 | 29.10.2010 | successful | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | White Sea | underwater | the second launch of a series of three launches of missiles assembled according to a single technical process with documentation of all assembly stages was completed successfully, according to media reports According to Western data, 3 MIRVs were involved in the flight () |
| 15 | the launch on 12/17/2010 was canceled on 12/15/2010 with a postponement to May-June 2011. June 2011 (plan May 2011) 06/28/2011 | successful | SSBN "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955 (according to the plans of 2010 and actually) | White Sea | underwater | the third launch in a series of three launches of missiles assembled according to a single technical process with documentation of all stages of assembly, as a result of this launch, the first SSBN "Yuri Dolgoruky" may be put into service. The launch is planned to be carried out from the surface position of the SSBN. On June 03, 2011, the SSBN "Yuri Dolgoruky" pr.955 went to sea and on June 06, 2011 the SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" pr.941UM left Severodvinsk for the White Sea. The boats tested the systems before launching the Bulava SLBM of the 2011 season. On June 28, 2011, the Bulava SLBM was successfully launched from the White Sea at the Kura range in Kamchatka. |
| 16 | summer 2011 plan 08/20/2011 (launch did not take place, unconfirmed information) 08/27/2011 | successful | White Sea | underwater | probably, the launches of the program of joint state tests of the complex and SSBN pr.955, the test program is scheduled to be completed in August 2011. The missile will be put into service if launches No. 15-18 are successful (S. Ivanov, lent.ru). According to unconfirmed information, the launch on August 20, 2011 with the Yury Dolgoruky SSBN did not take place due to problems with power supply in one of the submarine systems. The information is refuted by RIA Novosti. it is also reported that the launch is scheduled for August 2011. On the morning of August 27, 2011, a successful launch took place at the maximum range over the area in the Pacific Ocean. According to Western data, 6 MIRVs were involved in the flight () |
|
| 17 | 2011 (forecast for the beginning of the year) 2nd half of October 2011 (planned 08/30/2011) October 20-22, 2011 (plan October 12, 2011) October 27-31, 2011 (plan October 19, 2011) October 28, 2011 | spring 2011 plan: salvo launch of 2 missiles successful single launch with a rehearsal of salvo launch of the second rocket | SSBN "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955 | White Sea | underwater | joint state tests of the complex and SSBN pr.955, the test program is scheduled to be completed in August 2011. The missile will be put into service in case of successful launches No. 15-18 (S. Ivanov, lent.ru) By the end of the year, it is planned to carry out launches No. 16-19, including one launch from the Alexander Nevsky SSBN (Commander-in-Chief of the Navy V. Vysotsky, 07/01/2011) According to unofficial and unconfirmed information, on October 21, 2011 or earlier, one Bulava missile and one mockup were loaded onto the K-535 SSBN. During the test launch, it is planned to simulate salvo fire with two missiles. The information was confirmed - after the launch of the first missile, a sequence of operations was carried out to prepare and issue a command to launch a simulator of the second missile. |
| 18-19 | November 2011 (the plan was announced on October 30, 2011) December 2011 (planned 11/22/2011) 2012 (plans announced by Interfax on November 28, 2011) December 23, 2011 | successful two-rocket salvo(October 2011 forecast, confirmed 11/22/2011) | SSBN "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955 | White Sea | underwater | according to one of the statements in the media, after the first successful launch from the SSBN pr.955, before the adoption of the SLBM into service, 5 more test launches should take place (No. 16-20) By the end of the year it is planned to carry out launches No. 16-19, including one launch from the Alexander Nevsky SSBN (Commander-in-Chief of the Navy V. Vysotsky, 01.07.2011). After this launch, if it is successful, the Bulava-M complex is planned to be put into service (11/22/2011) |
| 18+ | summer 2012 | plan, one-, two-, or more rocket salvo as of early 2013 - not mentioned | SSBN "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955 | In March 2012, plans were announced for launches in the summer of 2012 under the program for adopting the missile system into service. | ||
| 18++ | October-November 2012 (plans announced in the media on 03/29/2012, confirmed on 05/02/2012) plan - uncertain 2014 (07/05/2013, ) | plan as of early 2013 - not mentioned | SSBN "Alexander Nevsky" or "Vladimir Monomakh" project 955 | the second launch from the Alexander Nevsky SSGN according to the plans of early 2013 and the first launch from the Vladimir Monomakh SSBN according to the June 2013 plans. Perhaps the launch will be two-rocket. in April 2013 reported. that during the year it is planned to carry out two launches of Bulava SLBMs from a commercial batch of missiles On 07/05/2013, the General Director of the Sevmash Production Association stated that this moment only one launch of SLBMs is planned in 2013 - see launch No. 19. |
||
| 20 | June 2012 plan Plan - October-November 2012 (plans announced in the media on 03/29/2012, confirmed on 05/02/2012 and 08/08/2012) plan - November 2012 (media 17.08.2012) plan - September 2013 (07/05/2013, ) 09/06/2013 | launch took place, failure in the second minute of the flight | SSBN "Alexander Nevsky" project 955 | White Sea | underwater | Until the end of 2011, it was planned to make, among other things, one launch from the Alexander Nevsky SSBN (Commander-in-Chief of the Navy V. Vysotsky, 07/01/2011), but on 10/25/2011 the representative of the military-industrial complex at the Council of Ministers of Russia stated that launches from SSBNs " Alexander Nevsky "it was decided to produce in the summer of 2012. On March 29, 2012, it was announced that the first launches from SSBNs would be made in October-November 2012. First launch from SSBN "Alexander Nevsky". According to information in March 2013, the launch is planned to be carried out for the first time using an automated system for transmitting commands for the use of strategic weapons. April 2013 reported. that during the year it is planned to carry out two launches of Bulava SLBMs from a commercial batch of missiles. 09/06/2013 launch from the White Sea at the Kura range in Kamchatka. the flight was aborted in the second minute due to a malfunction of the missile's onboard systems. The reason for the unsuccessful launch was a malfunction of the mechanism for extending the nozzle of the second stage - the retractable rod (). |
| plan - autumn 2013 | plan | SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" project 941UM | Perhaps a test launch of a missile variant with improvements () | |||
| 21 | plan - 2013 (September 2013) No. 1 after launch on 09/06/2013 plan - autumn 2014 (05/23/2014) 09/10/2014 | successful launch | SSBN K-551 "Vladimir Monomakh" project 955 | White Sea | underwater | message First launch from SSBN. The launch was carried out as part of the tests of the Vladimir Monomakh SSBN. The launch was successfully carried out from the MIRV at the Kura test site (Kamchatka). Apparently, this is launch No. 1 of the program for additional tests of the Bulava SLBM. |
| 22 | plan - 2014(September 2013) plan - 2014 (11/13/2013) plan - September-October 2014 (21.08.2014) plan - October 2014 (09/15/2014) plan - 29-30.10.2014 (20.10.2014) October 29, 2014 | successful launch | Barents Sea | underwater | After an unsuccessful launch on 09/06/2013, the Minister of Defense of Russia decided to conduct an additional 5 test launches of the Bulava SLBM 2014 September-October - according to a media report dated 21.08.2014, a test launch of the Bulava SLBM is planned It is planned to carry out a launch with a full ammunition load of the Bulava SLBM on board. Possibly launch #2 of the SLBM additional test program. The launch was made at the Kura test site in Kamchatka. The SSBN had on board a full load of missiles. The launch was carried out in accordance with the combat training plan after the entry of SSBNs into the combat structure of the Fleet. |
|
| 23 | plan - 2014(September 2013) plan - 2014 (11/13/2013) plan - November 2014 (09/15/2014) November 28, 2014 | successful launch | Barents Sea | underwater | After an unsuccessful launch on 09/06/2013, the Minister of Defense of Russia decided to conduct an additional 5 test launches of the Bulava SLBM. Perhaps this is launch number 3 of the additional test program. First successful launch from SSBN. Successfully produced at the Kura test site (Kamchatka). |
|
plan - autumn 2015 (26.09.2014) | plan | SSBN K-550 "Alexander Nevsky" project 955 | Sea of Okhotsk | After an unsuccessful launch on 09/06/2013, the Minister of Defense of Russia decided to conduct an additional 5 test launches of the Bulava SLBM. Launch #4 (?). 09/26/2014 - announced plans for launch after relocation to the Pacific Ocean |
||
| 24-25 | plan - 2015 (09/15/2014) plan - autumn 2015 (26.09.2014) 11/14/2015 | successful two-rocket salvo | SSBN K-551 "Vladimir Monomakh" Project 955 | White Sea | underwater | After an unsuccessful launch on 09/06/2013, the Minister of Defense of Russia decided to conduct an additional 5 test launches of the Bulava SLBM. Launch #5 (?). 09/26/2014 - announced plans for launch after relocation to the Pacific Ocean Successful two-rocket launch at the Kura range (Kamchatka). |
| 26-27 | 09/27/2016 | partially successful two-rocket salvo | SSBN K-535 "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955 | White Sea | underwater | Experimental salvo firing with two missiles at the Kura range. One missile successfully hit the targets with warheads. The second after a successful launch self-destructed. According to unconfirmed reports, the launch was carried out at a sea state of 6-7 points from a depth of 50-55 m. The explosion of the second missile occurred at the command of the emergency missile detonation system (APR) after the rocket went beyond the allowable trajectory parameters, which occurred presumably due to a malfunction of the controlled nozzle of the solid propellant rocket engine of the first stage of the rocket (see the launch video footage). |
| 28 | 06/26/2017 | successful launch | SSBN K-535 "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955 | Barents Sea | underwater | Successful launch at the Kura test site (Kamchatka) in accordance with the combat training plan. |
| 29-32 | May 22, 2018 | successful four-rocket salvo | SSBN K-535 "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955 | White Sea | underwater | Successful four-missile zasp at the Kura range (Kamchatka). Rocket #2 came out at +7 sec, #3 at +14 sec and #4 at +21 sec () |
| 33 | autumn 2019 | plan | SSBN K-549 "Prince Vladimir" project 955A | Planned test launch of the Bulava SLBM as part of the test program for the lead SSBN pr.955A |
On June 29, 2007, a decision was made to start mass production of the most mature rocket components. The media stated that the missile was being created on the basis of the Topol-M ICBM and had much in common with this missile. A series of three test launches is planned for 2010 (October 7, 2010, the first of three successful launches was made and the second successful launch was completed on October 29, 2010). It is possible that according to their results, the rocket will enter the test stage of testing or will be put into service.
It was planned to take the missile into service in 2008, then in 2009, but due to a series of unsuccessful test launches, the adoption of the missile into service was postponed to 2011-2012. (according to the forecast of the first half of 2010). As announced in the media after the successful 13th and 14th launches - in May 2011 it is planned to begin joint state tests of the Bulava complex and SSBN pr.955 with completion in August 2011. In case of successful launches No. 15-18 the missile will be put into service in September 2011. At the same time, in October 2010, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov announced that SLBMs would be put into service after the first launch from SSBN pr.955 and a series of 5 test launches.
The first in 2011, the 15th launch of the Bulava SLBM from a submerged position was made from the SSBN "" on June 28, 2011. The 16th launch was made from the same submarine on August 27, 2011 (successful). In November 2011, it was announced that after a successful two-rocket salvo launch, which is planned to be carried out from a standard carrier - SSBN pr.955 "Yuri Dolgoruky" - in December 2011, the Bulava-M missile system will be adopted by the Russian Navy. Later in the media there was both information about the postponement of launches to 2012 and a refutation of this information from the Main Staff of the Russian Navy. As a result, the salvo two-rocket launch of the Bulava SLBM from the standard carrier of the SSBN "" was successfully carried out on 12/23/2011. As of March 2012, the expected date for the adoption of the missile system into service is October 2012. According to media reports, the R-30 Bulava SLBM was adopted by the Russian Navy on 01/10/2013.- simultaneously with the hoisting of the Flag on the head SSBN K-535 "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955 "Borey". Loading of standard ammunition on the lead boat of the project is expected in January 2014.
According to other sources, the Bulava SLBM was accepted by the Russian Navy for trial operation in 2012 (), which raises some doubts.
http://forums.airbase.ru
During 2011, the corporation "MIT" ( ist. - JSC "Corporation...") the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of production for serial production and testing of components of the 3K30 "Bulava-30" complex was carried out (Agreement with Roscosmos No. 902-D169 / 11 dated September 12, 2011, the volume of investments in 2011 - 6.0 million rubles). Also in 2011, a crediting schedule for the serial production of 3K30 missiles was agreed with Vnesheconombank, VTB Bank and the Government of Russia in accordance with the state contract for the supply of the Bulava product in the amount of 60,343,400 thousand rubles.
On years:
2011 - 15,586,100 thousand rubles. (funding received)
2012 - 15,079,600 thousand rubles
2013 - 14,384,600 thousand rubles.
2014 - 15,293,100 thousand rubles.
(ist. - JSC "Corporation...").
In early December 2010, the general designer of MIT announced that it was possible to use the unified Bulava missile as part of ground-based missile systems. In 2011, an unsubstantiated assumption also appeared that in the period from 2009 to 2010. The SLBM has been substantially redesigned and the missile launched in 2010 is already significantly different from previously launched missiles. Indirectly, the reason for this assumption was the video image of the rocket shown on central television channels. More precisely, the low quality of the picture of this image and the apparent change in the dimensions of the rocket in the picture.
The flight path of the rocket is flat with a reduced active site. In 2009-2010 (as of the end of 2008) it was planned to conduct tests at the maximum range and along a special trajectory. On the morning of August 27, 2011, a successful launch took place at the maximum range over the area in the Pacific Ocean. In the literature of the early 2000s, the name of the Bulava-30 rocket was found - Topol-MPL. By default, the data of the missile 3M-30 "Bulava-30". In terms of nodes, the rocket is unified with the Topol-M ICBM and probably .
Launcher- launch type - dry, launch is made from TPK using a powder pressure accumulator / starting solid propellant rocket engine. The launch can be carried out from the underwater or surface position of the carrier.Launch depth - up to 50-55 m
Ballistic ground tests of missiles were carried out from ground stands at the test site of the Design Bureau of Special Machine Building at the site of the 18th engineering test site of the Russian Ministry of Defense in Elizavetinka near St. Petersburg.
A test bench for the Bulava complex developed by the Design Bureau of Special Engineering (Support of the Russian defense industry. // National Defense No. 4 / 2011).
Full-scale throw stand SM-E336 for testing the Bulava missile (Support of the Russian defense industry. // National Defense No. 4 / 2011).
Throwing launch of the Bulava rocket from the full-scale stand SM-E336 with the launch of a reduced charge of the 1st stage engine. 18th engineering test site of the Russian Ministry of Defense, site of the KBSM test site in Elizavetinka near St. Petersburg (frame from the film "MIT. 60 years in the strategic direction").
Ship Combat Launch Complex (KBSK) developed by the GRC im. Makeev (Miass, 149th department of KB-2 GRC). The design of control systems, power supply, computing facilities and means of centralized control of the complex was carried out by the 147th department of KB-2 of the Makeev State Research Center. The systems of geodetic topographical reference and aiming of the complex were developed by the 50th department of KB-2 GRC named after Makeev, and the protection systems of the complex were developed by the 127th department of KB-2 GRC named after Makeev.
The 3F30 ground storage equipment complex includes a 3F30-3 hangar-storage trolley (designed by Motor Design Bureau, Moscow, Titan Central Design Bureau, Volgograd), a 3F30-4 tractor (Titan Central Design Bureau, Volgograd) , transport and handling unit 3F30-9 (TsKB "Titan", Volgograd) and other equipment.
Possibly, a 3F30-3 hangar-storage trolley being tested at the Nenoksa training ground (frame from the film "GTSMP 50 Years", 2004).
Possibly, a 3F30-3 hangar-storage cart (left, fragment) in Gadzhiyevo during the visit of Minister of Defense S.K. Shoigu, 04/16/2014 (http://function.mil.ru/).
Rocket 3M-30"Mace":
Design: a three-stage rocket with a sequential arrangement of the stage. OJSC "Composite" (Korolev) took part in the development of modern materials used in the design of the rocket stages.
The layout of the 3M-30 rocket:
- 1st stage with PAD
- 2nd stage
- 3rd step
- a MIRV breeding unit (the third-stage engine is separated from it after completion of work) with a 3G30 (G-30) platform and a 3L30 (L-30) aggregate compartment.
Product G-30 (3G30) - the body of the warhead breeding platform and product L-30 (3L30) - the body of the aggregate compartment of the 3M-30 Bulava missile. The media are shown at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant on March 21, 2011. The last picture is a montage of shots from different TV channels. (http://military.tomsk.ru/forum).
Comparison of two objects - a mock-up of the 3M-30 "Bulava" rocket and the R-39 / SS-N-20..05.2011 rocket (original photos taken from http://forums.airbase.ru).
Loading TPK with Bulava SLBM on board SSBN pr.955 "Borey" (frame of the film about the Sevmash Production Association, 1st TV channel).
Control system and guidance- inertial with an optoelectronic astro-correction unit 3N30 using an on-board computer to generate course correction commands; antenna-feeder devices, as well as software and hardware systems for processing telemetric information of the complex, are developed and manufactured by the Makeev State Research Center.
The control system has been developed since December 1998 by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Automation named after academician N.A. N.A. Pilyugina (Moscow) and the astro-correction system (opto-electronic system) 3N30 were developed and manufactured by OAO NPP Geophysics-Cosmos (Moscow). During the development of the control system, it was possible to reduce the weight of the control system by 1.5 times and the mass of the command instrumentation complex by 2 times.
The development of the astro-correction system on the instructions of the MIT began in 1998. The astro-correction system includes products 35I and 36I, which were supplied to the rocket manufacturer for test batches, incl. in 2007 and 2008 Production capabilities for 3N30 astrocorrection systems for SLBMs for 2007-2008. - 25 pieces/year. The cost of preparation for serial production (2008) of 3H30 blocks is 18.1 million rubles. In 2007, NPP "Geophysics-Cosmos" at the expense of financing from the Investment Fund of the federal budget of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "MIT" began preparing production facilities, and in 2008, preparations began for the production of 3N30 blocks for the 1st serial batch of 3M-30 rockets.
OES 3N30 provides the formation of an image of navigation stars located in the search area on the photosensitive area of the photodetector CCD matrix, its processing and the output of measurement information to the on-board computer center to determine the angular coordinates of navigation stars in the instrumental coordinate system and implement the astro-correction mode. Two ECOs are used as part of the control system. Each OES includes an optical device, an electronic framing unit and an exchange device. To attenuate extraneous illumination, a light-shielding device ( ist. - Egupov A...).
According to Western data, the Bulava-47 missile corrects its flight using the GLONASS satellite navigation system, and also carries warheads with active seeker radar. The data is not confirmed and raises some doubts.
Propulsion systems:
- PAD (powder pressure accumulator) - developed by the Research Institute of Polymeric Materials (Perm), PAD charge was developed by the FTSDT "Soyuz" (Dzerzhinsky).
Stage 1 - solid propellant rocket engine 3D30 with a firmly bonded charge of mixed fuel of the 5th generation. Development of the engine - cooperation between NPO Iskra (Perm, former SKB-172), FSUE Federal Research and Production Center Altai (Biysk) and FSUE FTsDT Soyuz (Dzerzhinsky). The lead developer of the stage is NPO Iskra (Perm, former SKB-172), development of fuel and charge - Federal State Unitary Enterprise Federal Research and Production Center Altai (Biysk) together with Federal State Unitary Enterprise FTsDT Soyuz (Dzerzhinsky). The fueling of the engines is probably carried out by the SPC "Altai" (Biysk). The first nozzleless test of the engine prototype - 1999 (??). On March 05, 2007, during scheduled engine tests at the test site of the SPC "Altai", an engine explosion occurred, one person died. The engine is started after the rocket leaves the water or when the rocket departure speed from the launcher drops to a certain minimum level. The stage works up to the 50th second of the flight.
Engine thrust - more than 90 tons
Length - 3.8 m (data from START-1)
Weight - 18.6 tons (data from START-1)
Probably, tests of the igniter of the engine of the 1st stage of the Bulava rocket at the stand (a shot from the film "MIT. 60 years in the strategic direction").
- 2nd stage - 3D60 solid propellant solid propellant rocket engine with a firmly bonded charge of mixed fuel of the 5th generation and with a sliding nozzle nozzle. Development and production of a nozzle with a nozzle - NPO Iskra (Perm, former SKB-172), development of fuel and engine charges - Federal State Unitary Enterprise Federal Research and Production Center Altai (Biysk) together with Federal State Unitary Enterprise FTsDT Soyuz (Belarus). Dzerzhinsky, ). The fueling of the engines is probably carried out by the SPC "Altai" (Biysk). The stage works from 50 seconds of flight to 90 seconds of flight.
Engine of the 2nd stage of the SLBM 3M65 / R-39 of the Typhoon complex, developed by NPO Iskra. Previously, this photo was mistakenly considered by us to be a photo of the engine of the 2nd stage of the Bulava SLBM (http://militaryphotos.net).
- 3rd stage - 3D42 solid propellant solid propellant rocket engine with a firmly bonded charge of mixed fuel of the 5th generation and with a sliding nozzle nozzle. Development and production of a nozzle with a nozzle - NPO "Iskra" (Perm, former SKB-172), development of the engine housing and engine charge - FSUE FTsDT "Soyuz" (Dzerzhinsky, ). The fueling of the engines is probably carried out by the SPC "Altai" (Biysk). The engine is separated from the dilution stage after work is completed. The stage turns on at the 90th second of the flight.
There is a possibility that in order to reduce the time of the active part of the trajectory (AUT), the extension of the nozzle nozzles of the 2nd and 3rd stages occurs in the "hot" mode by the products of the stage engines. A similar technology was developed in the 1980s by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau (Dnepropetrovsk) for the Krechet air missile system and other systems. This information is hypothetical.
The breeding stage of warheads is a multi-chamber solid-propellant solid propellant rocket engine of deep regulation on mixed fuel. Development of fuel and engine charge - FSUE "FNPTs" Altai "(Biysk") together with FSUE FTsDT "Soyuz" (Dzerzhinsky, ). Fuel - low-temperature with a high dependence of the burning rate on pressure.
Until May 2011, we had an assumption that at the stage of disengagement of warheads, a liquid monopropellant propulsion system is used, similar to that developed in the late 1980s by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau (Dnepropetrovsk) for the Krechet aviation missile system, ICBMs "Topol-M" (block for breeding the combat stages of the 15Zh65 KB Yuzhnoye missile variant). Such a remote control provides two modes of operation of the main stage engine with deep throttling (30 times) of the high-thrust engine chamber, which reduces the gas-dynamic effect on the detachable warheads. orders of warheads is carried out by a low-thrust engine according to a "pulling" scheme.
Thrust of the high thrust engine - 300 kg (in the void)
Thrust thruster - 3 / 6 kg (in the void)
TTX missiles and complex:
SSBN shaft length - 12.1 m (data from START-1)
The length of the rocket with the head section - 12.1 m (data from START-1)
Missile length without head section - 11.5 m (data from START-1)
Diameter of the inner launch container - 2.1 m (data from START-1)
Rocket diameter (1st, 2nd and 3rd stages) - 2 m (data from START-1)
Length of the 1st stage - 3.8 m (data from START-1)
Weight - 36.8 t (data from START-1)
Mass of the 1st stage - 18.6 tons (data from START-1)
Thrown weight - 1150 kg (data from START-1)
The mass of the warhead (in the configuration of 6 MIRVs) - 95 kg (according to Western data)
Range:
- 5500 km (during testing, White Sea - Kura, Kamchatka)
- 8000 km (according to the project, "Bulava-30")
- 8300 km (according to Western data)
- 9300 km (according to official data in the launch at a maximum range of 08/27/2011)
Flight time - 14 minutes (5500 km, during testing, White Sea - Kura, Kamchatka), 22 minutes according to other data
QUO:
- 350 m (western data)
- less than 250 m (according to some domestic media)
- 120-150 m (estimate compared to Trident-2 and other missiles)
The height of the apogee of the trajectory during the tests - 1000 km
Industry opportunities for serial production - up to 25 pcs / year (estimated)
Warhead types: the missile is equipped with means of overcoming missile defense. It is possible that the rocket uses low-power warheads developed by the Makeev State Research Center. Nuclear charges were developed by VNIIEF (Sarov) together with the Ural Nuclear Center. According to an interview with the Director General of MIT, excerpts from which were published on December 8, 2010, the nuclear charge for the Bulava SLBM has been successfully developed and is ready for mass production (or is it already being produced?).
On November 1, 2005, by launching the Topol ICBM with a standard SPU from the Kapustin Yar test site towards the Sary-Shagan test site, flight tests of a single warhead breeding platform, new means of overcoming missile defense and single warheads for the Topol ICBM and Bulava SLBM began . On April 22, 2006, the second launch took place as part of the testing of the platform and blocks - the Strategic Missile Forces launched the K65M-R missile from the Kapustin Yar test site. The warhead breeding platform is designed to deliver 6 MIRVs. The platform has the ability to perform trajectory maneuvers that make it difficult for the enemy to solve missile defense problems. In 2006, General Designer of MIT Yu. Solomonov stated that tests of a new single breeding platform and a single combat unit should be completed in 2008. The third launch within the program of testing new warheads and platform was made on 05.12.2010 from the Kapustin Yar ICBM "Topol" range at the Sary-Shagan range.
It is likely that low-yield maneuvering warheads are either under development or under testing. Management - probably gas-dynamic. The maneuver along the course and flight altitude is carried out in the atmosphere. It is also possible that information about maneuvering warheads is not reliable, but we are talking about the maneuvering BB breeding platform (see above).
According to Western data source - Russian warhead alters...) during a test launch on November 1, 2005, the warhead (or platform with warhead) moved to a lower flight path and maneuvered. The speed of the object in this case was about 5.5 km/s.
3M-30 "Bulava-30" (during testing) - 3 x MIRV;
3M-30 "Bulava-30" (standard equipment) - 6 x MIRV with a power of 150 kt
3M-30 "Bulava-30" (option according to Western data) - 1 x maneuvering warhead with a capacity of 550-1000 kt;
- "Mace-30" / "Mace-47" - 10 x maneuvering MIRVs. MIRVs can perform maneuvers in the atmosphere in heading and altitude;
Loading of SLBM 3M-30 "Bulava" on the SSBN K-535 "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955, Severodvinsk, 2010-2011. (photo by MIT from the Curious archive, http://forums.airbase.ru).
The evolution of views on the layout of the R-30 / 3M-30 Bulava SLBM (hypothetical images):
Hypothetical projections of the rocket R-30 / 3M-30 "Bulava" / SS-NX-32 (c) version 12/19/2010, http: // site
Hypothetical projections of the rocket R-30 / 3M-30 "Bulava" / SS-NX-32 (c) version 11/29/2010, http: // site
Hypothetical projections of the rocket R-30 / 3M-30 "Bulava" / SS-NX-32 (c) version 30.07.2010, http: // site
Status: Russia
May 24, 2004 - an explosion occurred during fire tests of the engine of one of the stages at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant.
One of the first launches of the 3M-30 "Bulava" missile with SSBN pr.941UM from a submerged position, probably 09/23/2004 (http://militaryphotos.net and On the strategic direction. Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering". M., Intervestnik , 2006)
Launch of the 3M-30 "Bulava" missile from SSBN pr.941UM. Probably, the launch was on September 27, 2005 (frame from the film "MIT. 60 years in the strategic direction").
- 2005 November 1 - the first launch as part of the flight test program of a new unified platform for disengaging warheads and the actual unified warheads of ICBMs and SLBMs. The launch was made by the Topol ICBM with a standard launcher from the Kapustin Yar test site. The launch combined tests to extend the guarantee of the Topol missiles and tests of a new warhead breeding platform.
The first launch of the Bulava rocket from a submerged position on December 21, 2005 (http://www.russianspaceweb.com).
The first launch of the Bulava missile from a submerged position on December 21, 2005 (photo - MIT, http://vpk-news.ru/).
- 2006 April 22 - The Strategic Missile Forces launched the K65M-R missile from the Kapustin Yar range in order to develop a single breeding platform with 6 warheads for Topol-M class ICBMs and Bulava SLBMs. The launch was carried out at the Sary-Shagan test site, the tests were successful. The main task of this launch is to test a single warhead and new elements of the anti-missile defense complex. This launch is the second launch under the test program. In 2006, General Designer of MIT Yu. Solomonov stated that tests of a new single breeding platform and a single combat unit should be completed in 2008.
- 2007 until the beginning of April - a set of launch equipment for a regular carrier - SSBN pr.955 was produced by the Makeev GRTs and related enterprises and delivered to the Sevmash software for installation on the Yury Dolgoruky SSBN.
2007-2009 - The State Research Center named after Makeev carried out work on the topic of R&D B-30. In particular, testing of components and assemblies of products on a vacuum dynamic stand.
2008 - NPP "Geophysics-Cosmos" began production of 3N30 astro-correction units for the 1st serial batch of 3M-30 rockets.
July 16, 2010 - a source in the Main Staff of the Russian Navy announced plans to resume tests of the Bulava in August 2010. Allegedly, it is planned to make three launches - two from the experimental SSBN pr.941UM and in case of successful launches, the third launch is expected from SSBN.
July 30, 2010 - information appeared in the media that the first launch of the Bulava missile in 2010 is scheduled for August 11-14, 2010 from the experimental SSBN pr.941UM.
August 09, 2010 - information appeared in the media about the postponement of the test launch without explanation for 2 weeks.
September 03, 2010 - information appeared in the media about the appointment of the launch of the Bulava missile for September 9-12, 2010. The missile should be launched from the SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" pr941UM.
2010 September 20 - information appeared in the media about the appointment of Alexander Sukhadolsky as chief designer of the Bulava SLBM.
September 22, 2010 - the first two launches of the planned three (in 2010) were postponed to late-September - early October 2010. Probably, both launches will take place with the SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" pr.941UM.
October 06, 2010 - SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" went to sea from Severodvinsk to conduct a test launch of the Bulava SLBM - the first in 2010 and the first in a series of three launches to verify the correct observance of the missile assembly technology. launch is expected from 7 to 10 October 2010.
October 07, 2010 - The 13th Bulava missile was launched from the waters of the White Sea at the Kura range in Kamchatka from the Dmitry Donskoy SSBN. The launch was declared successful.
Launch of the 3M-30 Bulava SLBM from a submerged position on 07.10.2010 (photo from the Wait4Me archive, http://forums.airbase.ru).
Launch of the SLBM 3M-30 "Bulava" from a submerged position on 10/07/2010 (Korotchenko I. The fate of MIT is part of the history of domestic rocket science. // National Defense No. 4 / 2011).
Launch of the SLBM 3M-30 "Bulava" with SSBN pr.941U "Dmitry Donskoy" on October 7, 2010 (photo from the viktor29rus archive, http://forums.airbase.ru, published on 09/05/2011).
Launch of SLBM 3M-30 "Bulava" with SSBN project 941U "Dmitry Donskoy" on October 7, 2010 (http://zvezdochka-ru.livejournal.com/).
- 2010 October 29 - at 5-30 Moscow time SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" performed the 14th test launch of the Bulava missile. Start successful.
Photo of the Bulava SLBM launch in 2010 - either 10/05/2010 or 10/29/2010 - the second is more likely (photo - MIT, http://old.nationaldefense.ru).
Photo of the Bulava SLBM launch, posted in a number of news about the launch on 09/06/2013, with a high probability on the photo launch on 10/29/2010 (photo - MIT via http://i-korotchenko.livejournal.com).
- December 17, 2010 - it was planned to conduct the first launch of the Bulava SLBM with the Yury Dolgoruky SSBN from the surface (announced in October 2010 plans to launch in December and 11/25/2010 on a more precise date). The launch was canceled on 12/15/2010 and rescheduled for May-June 2011. The official reason for the postponement of the launch is the ice situation in the White Sea.
May 2011 - the beginning of a new stage of testing the Bulava missile system with SSBN pr.955 is expected to begin. Probably, these will be joint state tests of the complex and SSBNs. The state testing program is planned to be completed in August 2011 (lenta.ru, 10/29/2010).
May 16, 2011 - information appeared in the media from the press secretary of the Russian Ministry of Defense Igor Konashenkov that 4 Bulava launches are planned during 2011 and the first launch will take place in June.
June 06, 2011 - SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" pr.941UM left Severodvinsk for the White Sea. The 15th test launch of the Bulava SLBM is predicted (incorrectly predicted).
June 26, 2011 - information appeared in the media that the launch of the Bulava SLBM is scheduled for June 28, 2011 and will be carried out for the first time from the Yury Dolgoruky SSBN pr.955.
June 28, 2011 - the first in 2011, the 15th launch of the Bulava SLBM from a submerged position was successfully launched from the SSBN "". As a result of the launch, the General Director of OAO "Corporation" MIT "was awarded ( ist. JSC "Corporation...").
Launch of the Bulava SLBM. In the source, it is signed as a launch on 06/28/2011, but a frame of the same launch is found in video collections on the Youtube website in January 2011. Perhaps the photo shows a launch on 10/29/2010 (http://www.mil.ru, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_j-0UJTCIw&feature=related).
- 2011 July 1 - the media stated that with successful test launches during 2011 (a total of 5 launches), the Bulava SLBM will be put into service before the end of 2011.
July 6, 2011 - the media announced that among the test sites planned by the end of 2011 there will be a salvo launch of missiles (probably two missiles in a salvo). launches are planned to be carried out with SSBN pr.955 "Yuri Dolgoruky".
2011 August 18-21 - SSBN "Yuri Dolgoruky" entered the White Sea, according to the alleged representative of the Sevmash Production Association, which appeared in the media, the SSBN went out to conduct the 16th launch of the "" SLBM, but due to problems with power supply in one of the systems, the submarine returned to fix problems at the Sevmash software. Later this information was refuted by RIA Novosti.
2011 August 27 - the 16th launch of the Bulava SLBM from the Yury Dolgoruky pr.955 SSBN was made from the White Sea. The launch was carried out at the maximum range in certain areas in the northern part Pacific Ocean. Some media reports that the range was 9300 km, while according to our data, based on an analysis of the coordinates of the White Sea and areas reserved under the rules of international navigation for the fall of SLBM combat units, it was 8800-9000 km.
One of the launches of the 3M-30 Bulava SLBM, probably 2011 (http://militaryphotos.com).
On the website of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the news about the launch on August 27, 2011 was illustrated by the information service of the Russian Ministry of Defense with a photograph of the launch of the Trident-2 SLBM from the Tennessee SSBN dated December 4, 1989 (http://mil.ru, link to original photo).
This photo of the Bulava SLBM launch accompanies the news about the launch on August 27, 2011 on the website of Channel One (http://www.1tv.ru).
- 2011 August 30 - information appeared in the media that the 17th launch of the Bulava SLBM will take place in the second half of October 2011. The launch is expected from the Yury Dolgoruky SSBN and it is expected that the launch will be with two missiles in salvo . According to a source to the Main Staff of the Russian Navy, if the launch is successful, the issue of adopting the Bulava SLBM into service will be considered.
2011 end of August - the Ministry of Defense and the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering signed three contracts for the supply of strategic missile systems and the R-30 Bulava.
October 22, 2011 - the first serial SSBN pr.955 - K-550 "Alexander Nevsky" entered sea trials. Regarding the launches of the Bulava SLBM with the K-535 Yury Dolgoruky SSBN, it is reported that in the coming days a rehearsal of a salvo launch will take place during the launch of a real 3M-30 Bulava missile and a missile model in the second submarine silo.
October 25, 2011 - ITAR-TASS reports, citing a representative of the PVPK at the Council of Ministers of Russia, that tests of the Bulava SLBM with the Alexander Nevsky SSBN will begin no earlier than the summer of 2012, and the acceptance of SSBNs in the Navy is planned to be completed by the end of 2012 .
October 26, 2011 - SSBN "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955 "Borey" entered the next firing of the Bulava SLBM.
October 28, 2011 - the 17th launch of the 3M-30 Bulava SLBM was successfully launched from the White Sea at the Kura range in Kamchatka. The launch was carried out by SSBN K-535 "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955 "Borey". As it became known later (Izvestia, 10/30/2011), after the successful launch of the first rocket, a sequence of operations was carried out and a command was issued to launch the second rocket, the role of which was played by a mock-simulator. Salvo launch training was successful. The 3K30 SLBM complex is planned to be put into service before the end of the year after another single launch and after a two-missile salvo launch.
November 28, 2011 - with reference to a source in the Main Headquarters of the Russian Navy, Interfax reports that the Bulava SLBM test missions have been postponed to 2012. It was previously announced that the next missile launch (including, possibly, salvo) will take place November 28-29, 2011
December 23, 2011 - a salvo two-rocket launch of the Bulava SLBM was carried out from the standard carrier of the SSBN "". The launch was successful.
- 2012 August 10 - the media reported that during the tests the entire ammunition of the Bulava missiles was used up, and to complete the tests in 2012, missiles from the regular ammunition load of the Yury Dolgoruky SSBN will probably be spent. Earlier, it was also reported that the completion of tests of the Yury Dolgoruky SSBN weapon system would be carried out without launching a rocket.
2012 August 17 - information appeared in the media that the only launch of the Bulava SLBM in 2012 will take place in November as part of the tests of the Alexander Nevsky SSBN. After this launch, the SSBN will probably be accepted into the Navy.
September 21, 2012 - with reference to the statement of the Minister of Defense of Russia Anatoly Serdyukov, the media report problems with software automatic system control of the Bulava SLBM, which prevent it from continuing its tests ().
April 12, 2013 - Leonid Shalimov, General Director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Avtomatiki, told the media that during 2013 two launches of Bulava SLBMs are planned with "confirmation of the commercial batch of missiles." Shalimov noted that the Bulava complex was put into trial operation by the Navy, so all emergency situations that may arise during the launch of the Bulava are associated with manufacturing defects, and not design developments. A source in the Russian defense industry reports that in late June - early July, the first serial nuclear submarine "Alexander Nevsky" of project 955 (code "Borey") will go to sea to continue state tests. must be executed for the first time on a command transmitted from Moscow according to a new automated system combat control of the launches of these missiles.
September 14, 2013 - Kommersant weekly reports, citing a source in the military-industrial complex, about the reasons for the emergency launch on 09/06/2013 - "90% is certain that the reason lies in problems with the retractable nozzle nozzle of the second stage. Rather In total, it came out only partially, as a result of which the engine could not reach its rated thrust.
Photo of the launch of the SLBM 3M-30 "Bulava" from the SSBN pr.955. The photo is presented as a photo of the launch on September 10, 2014, but in fact it is a photo of the launch on October 7, 2010 (http://bastion-karpenko.ru/).
Photo of the launch of the SLBM 3M-30 "Bulava" from SSBN pr.955 from MIT. Launch photo 09/10/2014 ().
Stages of flight and self-destruction of the second rocket of the two-rocket salvo of 3M-30 Bulava missiles from the SSBN "Yuri Dolgoruky" pr.
Launch of the 3M-30 "Bulava" missile from the SSBN "Yuri Dolgoruky" project 955, Barents Sea, 06/26/2017 (http://mil.ru http://paralay.com http://www.zakupki. gov.ru, 2010
The cause of the explosion at the NPC "Altai" could be a violation of safety rules. // Vedomosti. 03/06/2007
Rockets and spacecraft design office"South". Dnepropetrovsk, City Clinical Hospital "Yuzhnoye", 2000
RIA News". Site http://rian.ru, 2010
Website of the Russian military equipment. Forum http://www.rusarmy.com/forum, 2009
SKB-385, Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering, SRC "Design Bureau named after Academician V.P. Makeev". M., "Military Parade", 2007
Telmanov D. "Mace" simulated war. // News. October 30, 2011
The first flight test of the newest Bulava ballistic missile was successfully carried out. // New region- 2. 03.10.2005
Forum "Stealth Machines". Website http://paralay.iboards.ru, 2009
Khazbiev A., Tyumenev V., "Bulava" will hit with a boomerang. // Expert. №4 / 2009
Shirshikov A., Can "Mace" be on the shoulder? // Northern worker. January 31, 2007
Balancer.ru - forum materials http://forums.airbase.ru/, 2009, 2011
DTIG. Website http://www.dtig.org, 2010
Encyclodepia Astronautica, 2013 ().
fact sheet. START aggregate numbers of strategic offensive arms. 1 July 2009. http://www.state.gov, 2010.
Russian warhead alters course midflight in test. Washington Times, 11/20/2005
Back in the years of the Second World War, raider raids on transport communications and attacks on ships in parking lots remained the lot of the submarine fleet. But in the late 50s, the first submarines appeared that could carry and launch. And soon they became the most important part of the strategic arsenals of world powers.
Naturally, the "sea specifics" forced the development of missiles for SSBNs that differ in design from the "land" models. Usually strategic weapons are not very well known among the people. But in Russia, for some time, all attention was focused on the development and testing of a rocket called the Bulava.
History of creation
Another round cold war and the arms race led to the start of construction in the United States of new Ohio submarine missile carriers. They were armed with Trident ballistic missiles. "Symmetrical response" Soviet Union were supposed to be R-39 missiles placed on the Akula submarine cruisers.
However, the timing of the development of a new complex was constantly frustrated, and it was decided to prepare a "fallback". It included the construction of submarines according to the modernized project 667 and the development of modernized R-29 missiles for them. As a result, by the mid-80s, both projects of submarines and both types of missile systems were adopted.
However, the Trident was originally conceived as a transitional weapon model. They could equip the old Lafayette boats, and in the future they were going to re-equip the Ohio with more powerful weapons. They were the Trident-2 missiles, which were put into service in 1990.
The USSR did not have time to prepare an answer.
More precisely, the development of the modernized Bark complex based on the R-39 began back in 1986, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union, many enterprises that manufactured components for products ended up abroad. Of course, the financial situation has also worsened. After the third unsuccessful launch of Bark in 1998, they decided to abandon it, and the development of new missiles was transferred to the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. The project was named P-30 "Mace".
Design
Not much is reliably known about the design of the Bulava rocket. It is 3-stage, and most sources agree that the engines of the first 2 stages are solid fuel. But the engine of the third stage can be liquid, there is no consensus on this matter. Launch - "dry", from a sealed transport and launch container.
The striking power of the Bulava is 6 warheads with warheads with a capacity of 150 kilotons. One of the differences of the complex, which is known for sure, is a shortened flight section, on which sustainer engines operate. Since the missile is most easily detected and intercepted in the active site, its reduction allows increasing the survivability of the weapon. It was also stated that the R-30 could maneuver in the upper stage. Another important change is the use of adjustable warheads.
Testing and operation
Serial production of Bulava began 10 years after the start of its development - in 2008. At the same time, the R-30 has not yet been put into service. Even the complex of tests has not yet been completed. And the tests were long. Usually, special underwater stands were used to test launches, but they decided to immediately launch the R-30 from a submarine.
The “stand”, thus, was the submarine “Dmitry Donskoy”.
For the first launch in 2004, a weight and size layout of the “product” was used. For the second time, a year later, the real Bulava was launched, the training units of which successfully hit targets at the Kamchatka training ground. But the fourth, fifth and sixth launches were unsuccessful. Launches made in 2009 also ended in failures.
The submarine of project 955 "Yuri Dolgoruky", which was supposed to become a regular carrier of R-30 missiles, entered service in 2011. Test launches from her board were successful. Nevertheless, the Bulava continued to be improved, and its launches from the Alexander Nevsky and Vladimir Monomakh submarines were also counted as test launches.
Only in 2018, the R-30 was finally accepted into service. As of 2019, Bulava is armed with 2 Project 955 boats of the Pacific Fleet and 1 of the Northern Fleet. 2 more submarines are being tested, and 3 are being built.
Tactical and technical characteristics
Rocket R-30 "Bulava" is appropriate to compare with American second"Trident", in response to which it was created. It is worth remembering that Trident-2 was put into service in 1990 - almost 30 years before the domestic complex.
Compared to the American Trident, the R-30 is much lighter, somewhat smaller in size, and inferior in terms of maximum warhead power. At the same time, the Trident, equipped with W88 charges, has a shorter range. The main trump card of the Bulava is its increased survivability due to a reduced active flight area and adjustable warheads.
A large number of unsuccessful test launches at one time caused a negative assessment of the project in the press. In response to this, the developers and the military referred to the fact that the percentage of successful launches of R-29RM missiles was even lower, and “childhood illnesses” were inevitably detected. After the completion of the tests, the attitude towards the Bulava in the media changed - now the assessment began to reach enthusiastic.
It took almost 20 years to develop the Bulava rocket.
The number of Project 955 submarines serving and under construction is eight. At the same time, the Ohio missile carriers, to which the new ships were supposed to be the answer, are planned to begin decommissioning at the end of the 2020s.
What will replace them is still unknown. And the question of how quickly the R-30 will require replacement is still open. In any case, the fact that the "Mace" has reached the point of being put into service can be considered a success.
Video
Complex D-30 / 3K30 / B-30 "Bulava", rocket R-30 / 3M30 / RSM-56 "Bulava-30" / "Bulava-M" - SS-NX-30
Submarine ballistic missile (SLBM) with intercontinental range. Developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT), chief designer - Yu.S. Solomonov (since 20.09.2010 - A. Sukhodolsky). According to Western data, preliminary design of the missile began in 1992. The creation of a new SLBM was planned by MIT using developments on the ICBM "Courier" (range 9500 km, weight 16 tons) using a new type of mixed fuel for solid propellant rocket motors. According to the initial plans, the mass of SLBMs was to be 26-28 tons. Later, for the same reasons that the design of the 2nd and 3rd stages of the Bark SLBM was changed, the weight and size characteristics of the missile were changed ( source - Colonel General A. Sitnov "Mace" - ...).
In November 1997, after the third unsuccessful launch of the Bark SLBM, Russian government ministers Y. Urinson and I. Sergeev (former commander of the Strategic Missile Forces) in a letter to Prime Minister V. Chernomyrdin raised the issue of transferring the design of the main Navy SLBM to the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering . In November and December 1997, two Interdepartmental Commissions, created by order of the Russian Minister of Defense, worked to study the failures of tests of the Bark SLBM. The commission included representatives of the MIT, the Arms Department of the Russian Ministry of Defense and the Strategic Missile Forces. The Second Interdepartmental Commission recommended to continue testing the missile with the adoption of two SSBNs pr.941U, but representatives of the Armaments Directorate and the Strategic Missile Forces proposed to stop the development of SLBMs. Main reasons:
- development of the most unified interspecific small-sized missile for the Strategic Missile Forces and the Navy "Bulava";
- separation by years of peaks in financing the rearmament of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Navy ("Topol-M" and "Bulava");
- cost savings;
Launch of the 3M30 "Bulava" missile with SSBN pr.941UM. Probably, the launch was 09/27/2005 (frame from the film "MIT. 60 years in the strategic direction".)
Throw range launch of the 3M30 Bulava missile. the first frame - the starting solid propellant rocket engine / PAD is in operation, the second frame - free flight, the third frame - the launch of the 1st stage solid propellant rocket engine, the fourth frame - the 1st stage of the rocket is in operation (frame from the film "MIT. 60 years in the strategic direction").
At the beginning of 1998, the conclusions of the commission were approved by the Military-Technical Council of the Russian Ministry of Defense. In January 1998, the issue was considered by a commission established by order of the President of Russia. In the autumn of 1998, at the suggestion of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy V. Kuroyedov, the Russian Security Council officially closed the topic "Bark" and after the competition was held under the auspices of Roscosmos (participants - MIT and the Makeev State Research Center with the project "Bulava-45" by the chief designer Kaverin Yu. A.) the design of the Bulava SLBM has begun at MIT. At the same time, the redesign of SSBN pr.955 for the Bulava missile was started. At the same time, control over the development of SLBMs was entrusted to the 4th Central Research Institute of the Russian Ministry of Defense (headed by V. Dvorkin), which had previously been in charge of supervising the creation of ICBMs, and the "marine" 28th Central Research Institute of the Russian Ministry of Defense was removed from work on SLBMs.
The design of the Bulava SLBM was probably already underway as of December 1998 - the Makeev State Research Center was already working on the design of communication systems and equipment of the complex in cooperation with MIT, and the first nozzleless test of the engine prototype, according to unconfirmed officially data, was carried out in 1999 Draft design of the 3M30 Bulava SLBM is officially protected by MIT in 2000.
When creating the rocket, it was decided to abandon the traditional test launches of the rocket from the stands. There were no rocket launches from the Nenoksa test site. Fire tests of stages, individual units of the rocket were carried out in full. At the stands (including the gas-dynamic stand of the Makeev State Research Center), the exit of the rocket from the silo and from the water was practiced - more than 10 walls were involved. The production of SLBMs is deployed at the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant, in total, 620 enterprises participate in the cooperation of manufacturers. On May 24, 2004, in Votkinsk, during fire tests of a solid propellant rocket engine, one of the stages exploded. Flight tests of the missile began with a submerged launch of a weight-and-dimension mock-up from an experimental SSBN pr.941UM "Dmitry Donskoy" in the Barents Sea on September 23, 2004. On June 29, 2007, a decision was made to start serial production of the most used missile components. The media stated that the missile was being created on the basis of the Topol-M ICBM and had much in common with this missile. A series of three test launches is planned for 2010 (October 7, 2010, the first of three successful launches was made and the second successful launch was completed on October 29, 2010). It is possible that according to their results, the rocket will enter the test stage of testing or will be put into service. It was planned to put the missile into service in 2008, then in 2009, but due to a series of unsuccessful test launches, the adoption of the missile into service will apparently take place no earlier than 2011-2012. (according to the forecast of the first half of 2010). As announced in the media after the successful 13th and 14th launches - in May 2011 it is planned to begin joint state tests of the Bulava complex and SSBN pr.955 with completion in August 2011. In case of successful launches No. 15-18 the missile will be put into service in September 2011. At the same time, in October 2010, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov announced that SLBMs would be put into service after the first launch from SSBN pr.955 and a series of 5 test launches.
In early December 2010, MIT General Designer Y. Solomonov announced that it was possible to use the unified Bulava missile as part of ground-based missile systems.
Flight trajectory - flat with a reduced active site. In 2009-2010 (as of the end of 2008) it was planned to conduct tests at the maximum range and along a special trajectory. In the literature of the early 2000s, the name of the Bulava-30 rocket was found - Topol-MPL. By default, the data of the 3M30 "Bulava-30" rocket. In terms of nodes, the rocket is unified with the Topol-M ICBM and probably the RS-24 Yars.
Launcher- launch type - dry, launch is made from TPK using a powder pressure accumulator / starting solid propellant rocket engine. The launch can be carried out from the underwater or surface position of the carrier.Launch depth - up to 50-55 m
Ship Combat Launch Complex (KBSK) developed by the GRC im. Makeev (Miass, 149th department of KB-2 GRC). The design of control systems, power supply, computing facilities and means of centralized control of the complex was carried out by the 147th department of KB-2 of the Makeev State Research Center. The systems of geodetic topographical reference and aiming of the complex were developed by the 50th department of KB-2 GRC named after Makeev, and the protection systems of the complex were developed by the 127th department of KB-2 GRC named after Makeev.
The 3F30 ground storage equipment complex includes a 3F30-3 hangar-storage trolley (designed by Motor Design Bureau, Moscow, Titan Central Design Bureau, Volgograd), a 3F30-4 tractor (Titan Central Design Bureau, Volgograd) , transport and handling unit 3F30-9 (TsKB "Titan", Volgograd) and other equipment.
Probably, the loading of the Bulava SLBM mock-up onto the SSBN Project 955 "Yuri Dolgoruky", Severodvinsk, autumn 2009 (http://forums.airbase.ru)
Rocket 3M30"Mace":
Design:
- PAD / starting solid propellant rocket motor
- 1st step
- 2nd stage
- 3rd step
- MIRV breeding unit (the engine of the third stage will get rid of it after completion of work).
Control system- inertial with an optoelectronic astro-correction unit 3N30 using an on-board computer to generate course correction commands; antenna-feeder devices, as well as software and hardware systems for processing telemetric information of the complex, are developed and manufactured by the Makeev State Research Center. The astrocorrection system was developed and is being produced by JSC NPP Geophysics-Cosmos (Moscow) together with FSUE NPO Avtomatiki named after academician N.A. Semikhatov and FSUE NPTs AP named after N.A. Pilyugin. includes products 35I and 36I, which were supplied to the manufacturer of missiles for test batches, including in 2007 and 2008. Production capabilities for 3N30 astro-correction systems for SLBMs for 2007-2008 - 25 pieces / year. The cost of preparation of serial production (2008) of blocks 3N30 - 18.1 million rubles In 2007, NPP "Geophysics-Cosmos" at the expense of financing from the Investment Fund of the federal budget of FSUE "MIT" began to prepare production facilities, and in 2008 preparation of production of 3N30 blocks for the 1st production batch of 3M30 missiles.
Bulava-47, according to Western data, corrects its flight using the GLONASS satellite navigation system, and also carries warheads with active seeker radar. The data is not confirmed and raises some doubts.
Engines:
- 1 stage - solid propellant rocket engine, development and production of NPO Iskra (Perm, former SKB-172), fuel development - Federal State Unitary Enterprise Federal Research and Production Center "Altai" (Biysk), the first nozzleless test of the engine prototype - 1999 ( ??). The engine is started after the rocket leaves the water or when the rocket departure speed from the launcher drops to a certain minimum level. The stage works up to the 50th second of the flight.
Engine thrust - more than 90 tons
Length - 3.8 m (data from START-1)
Weight - 18.6 tons (data from START-1)
Probably, tests of the igniter of the engine of the 1st stage of the Bulava rocket at the stand (frame from the film "MIT. 60 years in the strategic direction").
- Stage 2 - solid propellant rocket motor with a sliding nozzle nozzle, development and production of NPO Iskra (Perm, former SKB-172), fuel development - FGUP "FNPTs" Altai "(Biysk"). The stage works from 50 seconds of flight to 90 seconds of flight.
Stage 3 - solid propellant rocket motor with a sliding nozzle, development and production of NPO "Iskra" (Perm, former SKB-172). The engine is separated from the dilution stage after work is completed. The stage turns on at the 90th second of the flight.
There is a possibility that in order to reduce the time of the active part of the trajectory (AUT), the extension of the nozzle nozzles of the 2nd and 3rd stages occurs in the "hot" mode by the products of the stage engines. A similar technology was developed in the 1980s by Yuzhnoye Design Bureau (Dnepropetrovsk) for the Krechet air missile system and other systems.
The breeding stage of warheads is probably a liquid propellant rocket engine or a multi-chamber solid propellant rocket engine.
There is a possibility that at the stage of breeding warheads, a liquid monopropellant propulsion system is used, similar to that developed in the late 1980s by the Yuzhnoye design bureau (Dnepropetrovsk) for the Krechet aviation missile system, the Topol-M ICBM (breeding unit of the combat stages of the 15Zh65 KB Yuzhnoye missile variant. Such a control system provides two modes of operation of the main engine of the stage with deep throttling (30 times) of the high-thrust engine chamber, which reduces the gas-dynamic effect on the detachable warheads. "pull" scheme.
Thrust of the high thrust engine - 300 kg (in the void)
Thrust thruster - 3 / 6 kg (in the void)
Throwing launch of the Bulava rocket with the start of the 1st stage engine at the test site. Probably Votkinsk and, possibly, the launch was unsuccessful with a loss of control after the launch (frame from the film "MIT. 60 years in the strategic direction").
TTX missiles and complex:
SSBN shaft length - 12.1 m (data from START-1)
The length of the rocket with the head section - 12.1 m (data from START-1)
Missile length without head section - 11.5 m (data from START-1)
Diameter of the inner launch container - 2.1 m (data from START-1)
Rocket diameter (1st, 2nd and 3rd stages) - 2 m (data from START-1)
Length of the 1st stage - 3.8 m (data from START-1)
Weight - 36.8 t (data from START-1)
Mass of the 1st stage - 18.6 tons (data from START-1)
Thrown weight - 1150 kg (data from START-1)
The mass of the warhead (in the configuration of 6 MIRVs) - 95 kg (according to Western data)
Range:
- 5500 km (during testing, White Sea - Kura, Kamchatka)
- 8000 km (according to the project, "Bulava-30")
- 8300 km (according to Western data)
Flight time - 14 minutes (5500 km, during testing, White Sea - Kura, Kamchatka), 22 minutes according to other data
QUO:
- 350 m (western data)
- less than 250 m (according to some domestic media)
- 120-150 m (estimate compared to Trident-2 and other missiles)
The height of the apogee of the trajectory during the tests - 1000 km
Industry opportunities for serial production - up to 25 pcs / year (estimated)
Warhead types: the missile is equipped with means of overcoming missile defense. It is possible that the rocket uses low-power warheads developed by the Makeev State Research Center. Nuclear charges were developed by VNIIEF (Sarov) together with the Ural Nuclear Center. According to an interview with MIT Director General Yu. Solomonov, excerpts from which were published on December 8, 2010, the nuclear charge for the Bulava SLBM has been successfully developed and is ready for serial production (or is it already being produced?).
On November 1, 2005, with the launch of the Topol ICBM with a standard SPU from the Kapustin Yar test site towards the Sary-Shagan test site, flight tests of a single platform for breeding warheads, new means of overcoming missile defense and single warheads for the Topol ICBM and Bulava SLBM began . On April 22, 2006, the second launch took place as part of the testing of the platform and blocks - the Strategic Missile Forces launched the K65M-R missile from the Kapustin Yar test site. The warhead breeding platform is designed to deliver 6 MIRVs. The platform has the ability to perform trajectory maneuvers that make it difficult for the enemy to solve missile defense problems. In 2006, General Designer of MIT Yu. Solomonov stated that tests of a new single breeding platform and a single combat unit should be completed in 2008. The third launch within the program of testing new warheads and platform was made on 05.12.2010 from the Kapustin Yar ICBM "Topol" range at the Sary-Shagan range.
It is likely that low-yield maneuvering warheads are either under development or under testing. Management - probably gas-dynamic. The maneuver along the course and flight altitude is carried out in the atmosphere. It is also possible that the information about maneuvering warheads is not reliable, but we are talking about a maneuvering AP breeding platform (see above).
According to Western data source - Russian warhead alters...) during a test launch on November 1, 2005, the warhead (or platform with warhead) moved to a lower flight path and maneuvered. The speed of the object in this case was about 5.5 km/s.
3M30 "Bulava-30" (during testing) - 3 x MIRV;
3M30 "Bulava-30" (standard equipment) - 6 x MIRV with a power of 150 kt
3M30 "Bulava-30" (option according to Western data) - 1 x maneuvering warhead with a capacity of 550-1000 kt;
- "Mace-30" / "Mace-47" - 10 x maneuvering MIRVs. MIRVs can perform maneuvers in the atmosphere in heading and altitude;
- 2005 November 1 - the first launch as part of the flight test program of a new unified platform for disengaging warheads and the actual unified warheads of ICBMs and SLBMs. The launch was made by the Topol ICBM with a standard launcher from the Kapustin Yar test site. The launch combined tests to extend the guarantee of the Topol missiles and tests of a new warhead breeding platform.
- 2006 April 22 - The Strategic Missile Forces launched the K65M-R missile from the Kapustin Yar range in order to develop a single breeding platform with 6 warheads for Topol-M ICBMs and Bulava SLBMs. The launch was carried out at the Sary-Shagan test site, the tests were successful. The main task of this launch is to test a single warhead and new elements of the anti-missile defense complex. This launch is the second launch under the test program. In 2006, General Designer of MIT Yu. Solomonov stated that tests of a new single breeding platform and a single combat unit should be completed in 2008.
2007 until the beginning of April - a set of launch equipment for a regular carrier - SSBN pr.955 was produced by the Makeev State Research Center and related enterprises and delivered to the Sevmash Production Association for installation on the Yury Dolgoruky SSBN.
2007-2009 - The State Research Center named after Makeev carried out work on the topic of R&D B-30. In particular, testing of components and assemblies of products on a vacuum dynamic stand.
2008 - NPP "Geophysics-Cosmos" began production of 3N30 astro-correction blocks for the 1st serial batch of 3M30 rockets.
July 2009 - Director of MIT Yu. Solomonov resigned from the post of director of MIT, but remained the chief designer of the Bulava system.
Test launches R-30 "Bulava" missiles (as of July 25, 2010):
| the date | Status | Carrier | Place of testing | Note | |
| 0 | 23.09.2004 | successful | SSBN pr.941UM | Barents Sea | throw launch of a weight-and-dimensional mock-up from a submerged position, the mock-up reached a height of 40 m |
| 00 | 11.12.2004 | successful | SSBN pr.941UM | Barents Sea | throw launch of a weight-and-dimension model from an underwater state (indicated by some Western media); according to other sources, the launch did not take place due to a malfunction; |
| 000 | ??? | successful | stand | Votkinsk?? | inrush launch with first stage engine start |
| 1 | 27.09.2005 | successful | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | from the surface position at 17-20 Moscow time from the White Sea, warheads hit targets at the Kura training ground (Kamchatka). A failure in the operation of the 3rd stage was noted. |
| 2 | 21.12.2005 | successful | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | the first launch from a submerged position at 08-19 Moscow time from the White Sea, warheads hit targets at the Kura training ground (Kamchatka) |
| 3 | 07.09.2006 | refusal | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | from a submerged position, failure of the 1st stage, the rocket fell into the sea a few minutes (a minute?) After launch |
| 4 | 25.10.2006 | refusal | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | from a submerged position, deviation from the course 200 seconds after the start, self-destruction, falling into the sea |
| 5 | 24.12.2006 | refusal | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | launch from the surface, failure of the 3rd stage at 3-4 minutes of flight, self-destruction |
| 6 | 28.07.2007 | partially successful | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | launch from a submerged position, 1 of 3 MIRV did not reach the test site |
| 7 | 11.11.2007 | refusal | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | failure of the 1st stage at 23 seconds of flight |
| 8 | 18.09.2008 | partially successful | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | from a submerged position, a fully standard launch with a failure at the stage of disengagement of warheads. There is an assumption that a new type of warheads was being tested. |
| 9 | 28.11.2008 | successful | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | from a submerged position, fully successful launch |
| 10 | 23.12.2008 | refusal | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | launch was carried out at 6-00 Moscow time, failure of the 3rd stage when turned on at 91 seconds of flight, self-destruction, the official cause of the failure was a defective stage separation squib; the launch was previously planned for December 21, 2008, but was postponed; |
| 11 | 15.07.2009 | refusal | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | failure of the 1st stage, self-destruction at 20 seconds of flight (28 seconds according to other data); According to unconfirmed unofficial data, the launch was unscheduled and forced due to a violation of the storage technology for SLBMs in the SSBN mine. According to another version, the cause of the failure was the abnormal operation of the gas generator that generates electricity for the rocket systems. Unconfirmed information about the damage to the instrument compartment during the transportation of the rocket. Allegedly, in preparation for the launch, the rocket was repeatedly reloaded into a launcher on a submarine (9 times). |
| 11+ | 27.10.2009 | no start | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | the rocket launch did not take place due to a failure in the command system for issuing a flight mission |
| 12 | 09.12.2009 | refusal | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | launch from a submerged position, failure of the 2nd stage - failure to open the sliding nozzle of the engine due to a manufacturing defect |
| 13 | 07.10.2010 | successful | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | according to information dated 07/30/2010, a test launch of the first rocket from a series of three reference samples is planned in August 2010 (08/11-14/2010); 03.09.2010 announced the postponement of tests to 09-12.09.2010, 22.09.2010 - announced the transfer of tests to the end-September - beginning of October 2010. 06.10.2010 announced launch plans for 07- 10/10/2010 Based on the results of the launch, media reports said "The launch was declared successful. The parameters of the missile's trajectory were worked out in the normal mode. The warheads successfully arrived at the Kura test site." The launch was made from a submerged position. Later, the results of the launch were called "satisfactory." |
| 14 | 29.10.2010 | successful | SSBN pr.941UM | White Sea | the second launch of a series of three launches of missiles assembled according to a single technical process with documentation of all assembly stages was completed successfully, according to media reports |
| 15 | the launch on 12/17/2010 was canceled on 12/15/2010 with a postponement to May-June 2011. | plan | SSBN project 955 | White Sea | the third launch in a series of three launches of missiles assembled according to a single technical process with documentation of all assembly stages, as a result of this launch, the first SSBN Project 955 "Yuri Dolgoruky" may be put into service. The launch is planned to be carried out from the surface position of the SSBN. |
| 16 | May 2011 plan | plan | SSBN project 955 | probably launches of the program of joint state tests of the complex and SSBN pr.955, the test program is planned to be completed in August 2011. The missile will be put into service in case of successful launches No. 15-18 (S. Ivanov, tape.ru) | |
| 17 | 2011 | plan | SSBN project 955 | ||
| 18 | 2011 | plan | SSBN project 955 | joint state tests of the complex and SSBN pr.955, the test program is scheduled to be completed in August 2011. The missile will be put into service in case of successful launches No. 15-18 (S. Ivanov, lent.ru) | |
| 19 | 2011-2012 | plan | SSBN project 955 | according to one of the statements in the media, after the first successful launch from the SSBN pr.955, before the adoption of the SLBM into service, 5 more test launches should take place (No. 16-20) | |
| 20 | 2011-2012 | plan | SSBN project 955 | according to one of the statements in the media, after the first successful launch from the SSBN pr.955, before the adoption of the SLBM into service, 5 more test launches should take place (No. 16-20) |
- 2009 December 9 - the atmospheric phenomenon that appeared as a result of the unsuccessful launch of the Bulava SLBM was named the Norwegian spiral anomaly.
- 2010 May 21 - Minister of Defense A. Serdyukov said that by November 2010 it is planned to assemble three completely identical in the process of assembling and completing a sample of Bulava missiles for testing for troubleshooting. In case of successful tests, it is planned to make two test launches from a standard carrier - SSBN pr.955.
July 16, 2010 - a source in the Main Staff of the Russian Navy announced plans to resume tests of the Bulava in August 2010. Allegedly, it is planned to make three launches - two with an experimental SSBN pr. 955 .
July 30, 2010 - information appeared in the media that the first launch of the Bulava missile in 2010 is scheduled for August 11-14, 2010 from the experimental SSBN pr.941UM.
August 09, 2010 - information appeared in the media about the postponement of the test launch without explanation for 2 weeks.
September 03, 2010 - information appeared in the media about the appointment of the launch of the Bulava missile for September 9-12, 2010. The missile should be launched from the SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" pr941UM.
September 20, 2010 - information appeared in the media about the appointment of Alexander Sukhodolsky as the chief designer of the Bulava SLBM.
September 22, 2010 - the first two launches of the planned three (in 2010) were postponed to late-September - early October 2010. Probably, both launches will take place with the SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" pr.941UM.
October 06, 2010 - SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" went to sea from Severodvinsk to conduct a test launch of the Bulava SLBM - the first in 2010 and the first in a series of three launches to verify the correct observance of the missile assembly technology. launch is expected from 7 to 10 October 2010.
October 7, 2010 - The 13th Bulava missile was launched from the White Sea at the Kura range in Kamchatka from the Dmitry Donskoy SSBN. The launch was declared successful.
October 29, 2010 - at 05:30 Moscow time SSBN "Dmitry Donskoy" performed the 14th test launch of the Bulava missile. Start successful.
December 17, 2010 - it was planned to conduct the first launch of the Bulava SLBM from the SSBN pr.955 "Yuri Dolgoruky" from the surface (announced in October 2010 plans to launch in December and 25.11.2010 on a more precise date) . The launch was canceled on 12/15/2010 and rescheduled for May-June 2011. The official reason for the postponement of the launch is the ice situation in the White Sea.
May 2011 - the beginning of a new stage of testing the Bulava missile system with SSBN pr.955 is expected to begin. Probably, these will be joint state tests of the complex and SSBNs. The state testing program is planned to be completed in August 2011 (lenta.ru, 10/29/2010).
Sources:
Khazbiev A., Tyumenev V., "Bulava" will hit with a boomerang. // Expert. №4 / 2009
Shirshikov A., Can "Mace" be on the shoulder? // Northern worker. January 31, 2007
Balancer.ru - forum materials http://forums.airbase.ru/, 2009
DTIG. Website http://www.dtig.org, 2010
fact sheet. START aggregate numbers of strategic offensive arms. 1 July 2009. http://www.state.gov, 2010.
Russian warhead alters course midflight in test. Washington Times, 11/20/2005