What is the name of the headdress of graduate students. Square academic cap. The higher the confederate cap flies into the sky, the higher the position will be

Watching Western youth films, we can often see that students who have graduated from a higher educational institution are dressed in a black robe and an interesting square hat with a tassel, which are often thrown into the sky, at graduation. Where did this headdress come from and what is its name? Are there any traditions associated with this hat? We'll find out now.

There are several names for the graduate cap, it all depends on the country in which they talk about it. So, for example, Australian students call it a trench or angular cap. The British are sure that its appearance is connected with Oxford University, more precisely, they know that the hat appeared earlier, but it was the Oxford professors who proposed to return the tradition of wearing a special attire, consisting of a mantle, a scarf and a special sharp-angled square cap with a tassel.

That is why in England the hat bears the same name of the university, that is, Oxford. In France, this cap is called a bonet, but, translated from French, any headdress can be called that, so most Europeans do not consider this name appropriate.

In Russia, the name of a square academic cap or a master's cap was assigned to it. But, unfortunately, most Russian higher educational institutions do not support the tradition of such a uniform among their students.

Where did she come from?

There is an opinion that the square academic cap originated from the traditional headdress of Latin priests, called biretta. Caps were red and sometimes black and were required to be worn by the Catholic clergy. Red color in those days was recognized as a symbol of royal power, so only noble Italians could wear birettes of this color.

Black hats were intended for scientists and people who devoted themselves to art. Muslim traditions also influenced the academic cap. Madrasah graduates wore a square hat. This form was invented so that the Koran could be placed on it. In this way, scientists showed others that they had learned all the laws of the Koran and completely mastered it.

However, another opinion takes us to Poland. Since 1768, the Polish military wore a square cap. The headdress had no visor, and the top was decorated with a tassel. He was called a confederate. Prestigious institutions such as Cambridge and Oxford are descended from church schools, for which reason students are required to wear monastic attire. Initially, these clothes were worn daily, but soon acquired a special meaning.

The four-sided cap became a sign of an academic degree and the level of knowledge gained. That is only those students and teachers who had special merits to the university could wear it.

What are the hats?

Initially, the square academic cap had two colors: red and black. As we have already said, the scarlet headdress was intended for noble gentlemen and priests, and the black headdress was for persons occupying an honorable place in society, but without any title. So, for example, black birettas were worn by doctors, professors, musicians, sculptors or artists. Now too there is a certain tint classification of these square hats, but more extended.

Confederates vary in color depending on the area that the student is mastering:

white color - history, art, literature;
gray - veterinary;
blue - jurisprudence, philosophy, politics;
yellow - mathematics, physics;
bright yellow tint - agriculture;
dark green color - foreign languages;
light green - pharmaceuticals;
red - economy; business administration, business;
purple color - architecture;
blue tint - pedagogy, theology;
pink color - music;
orange - military science, tactics;
brown - theatrical art.

Not only a certain shade of the cap could be responsible for the area under study. Sometimes all the vestments were made in a single scale. But more often, the cap and mantle are sewn from black fabric, and the tassel on the confederate and the scarf are made in the color that corresponds to the education received.

A little about the traditions associated with it

Only since the 1990s has the square academic cap become the main headwear for students who have graduated from a higher educational institution. Moreover, only state universities gave out these clothes, this practice has never been in private schools. The owner's name was embroidered on the inside of each cap. And this is connected with one interesting tradition.

After receiving a diploma of higher education, students gathered in front of the university and at the same time tossed their hats up, thus paying tribute to the school for the knowledge gained. After that, everyone could find their headdress by the name embroidered on it.

Not only the hat matters, but also the tassel that adorns it.. After all, it is located there for a reason. The brush has an unusual name liripip. Students should wear it on the right side of the confederate shirt, and those who have already passed all the exams and are waiting for their diploma - on the left side. Sometimes, from right to left, the liripip is thrown precisely at the presentation of a diploma. In some educational institutions, students of excellent students have brushes not black, but red or gold, in addition, they are 10-12 cm longer than the standard liripip.

At this point in time, referees rarely use hats. In our country, the only element of judicial affiliation is considered to be a mantle. However, for a very significant amount of time, the judge had a wig on his head. And graduates of law schools to this day put on a square academic cap.

What is the name of the referee's hat?

If we go back in time, we can say with confidence that the most common headdress was a wig. The history of this headdress is very interesting. It was first worn in 1620 by Bishop Louis Barbier, and a few years later the popularity of wigs acquired simply phenomenal volumes. At the same time, for the first time such a headdress was used in a judge in England;
In our country, a wig was used as the main element of belonging to the judiciary. However, the relevance of this attribute very quickly disappeared, with the intensity of the development of our society;
In different countries of the world, different, and, at times, very interesting headdresses were used. Most often, black and red colors were used in the design. But, in fact, today more and more clothes of judges are simplified, and hats are still worn only in some countries.

How do judges dress?

Today in our country, the main element of a judge is considered to be a specialized judicial gown. Paragraph 5 of the “Instructions on the procedure for issuing gowns to judges of courts of general jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, the norms and terms for wearing them” of the Russian Federation dated January 25, 1999 No. 5 clearly defines that the gown is issued to judges by the state, and it is a necessary and important attribute of holding court hearings.

It is quite obvious that the history of the emergence of such a tradition is rather contradictory. And many stories are happy to defend their own opinion on this issue. However, one thing is clear that the mantle is a symbol of a kind of solemnity and a symbol of respect. Many modern people identify it with the mantle of monks, which speaks of the rejection of everything worldly, of spiritual purity. How would a very symbolic comparison. After all, the judge in fact must be pure in heart, and must make decisions solely on the merits of the case, on the basis of the arguments, evidence and testimony.

At the same time, many lawyers pay attention to the fact that the judicial robe is a kind of symbol of state power. It is this symbol that is the basis for reminding judges that they make the law on behalf of the state. It is designed to remind of all the rights and obligations that are assigned to a judge. The mantle of the judge, in principle, hides everything human - the brightness and originality of the personality, colored clothes, etc., that is, as if recognizing that the judge is, first of all, the arbiter of justice, and he cannot give in to human emotions and passions.

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The profession of a judge in our country is considered very honorable and in demand. However, to become a judge, you will need to go through many stages of formation. First, you need...

The higher the confederate hat flies into the sky, the higher the position will be.

The bachelor's degree system came to our country back in the 90s, but the opportunity to get a bachelor's degree in all institutions appeared relatively recently. And the further we “walk” with it, the more we honor Western traditions. For example, the solemn part of receiving a diploma is no longer complete without a graduate's academic cap. And this headdress can be increasingly seen among costumes for a party and souvenirs for graduation. Heffalump was no exception, now you can buy a confederate hat from us for a celebration or as a gift to a friend of a graduate.

Academic cap of a graduate as a symbol of a new stage of life.

The confederate hat consists of a crown, a yarmulke and a tassel. The color of the brush may vary depending on the traditions of the educational institution and other factors, but black is universal. Do not forget about the features of wearing a headdress. The graduate cap must be worn so that most of it is behind. Then the board-tulle will be parallel to the ground, which means that the hat will not fall off from any movement. The position of the brush also plays an important role. For example, if you have not yet received a diploma, then it should lie on the right side of the hat. If the diploma is received, then the brush is thrown to the left side. If the hat is used as an element of the costume, then the location of the tassel can be any.

The size of the accessory is universal, so even a child can buy a graduation cap. Confederate will be a good gift for a future bachelor graduate. Thus, you will give him the opportunity to save money, and the headdress will remain with him as a souvenir of his student days.

Features of Confederate Graduation Beanie with Tassel:

Material: bamboo fiber, cotton;
Hat and tassel color: black;
Gender: unisex;
Crown Size: 25*25cm;
One size fits all for adults and children;
Included: confederate, simple packaging.

Carnival costume with a confederate for kindergarten

If the event for kids is not solemn, but entertaining, the easiest way is to make an academic cap out of paper.

The cap consists of two parts - the upper part, to which the tassel is attached, and the lower part, the band, which is put on the head. The tassel of "real" graduates is loosely fastened to a button, because during the graduation ceremony it is thrown to the other side of the head, symbolizing the transition to a new educational level.

For a children's confederate, you can simply glue the tassel into the corner of its upper part, but if you really want to, you can sew an academic cap according to all the rules, even if it will be a little more difficult.

We make the length of the band in proportion to the girth of the head, leaving the opportunity to freely put on the headdress so that it does not tear. Chioba to make the upper part, cut out a regular rhombus from cardboard.

The parts of the cap are glued together with a strip of paper. It will be most beautiful if you make such a confederate from velvet colored paper.

DIY student confederate

For the manufacture of confederates, gabardine satin and velvet are most often used.

Option 1

For the base we use thick cardboard. We cut out a square from it, a side of about thirty centimeters. We cut out a square from the selected fabric, which is enough to wrap the cardboard base with an envelope, plus add a couple of centimeters on each side to the seams.
We put the cardboard base on top of the spread fabric, fold the corners and glue to the middle: first, two opposite corners, glue a brush between them, then fold and glue the rest. Let's turn the cut lines on them inward.
We measure the girth of the head and proceed to the manufacture of the lower part of the confederate. We cut a strip of fabric with a width equal to the girth of the head and a height of about 25 centimeters.
We fold the strip along (the edges are different - 10 and 15 centimeters) and iron.
We unfold, along the fold line (along the ten-centimeter side) we glue the dublerin (six layers, seven centimeters wide), wrap the edge of the fabric on it.
Again we turn the face inward, after which we need to stitch the crown, turn it out and bend along the ironed lines.
Gather the fabric, sew to the top of the hat.

Option 2

We select the basis for our confederate hat: the easiest solution is to take thick cardboard or cut a strip from a plastic bottle 15 cm wide. We connect the strip into a ring and fasten the ends with a pin or paper clip. We measure its length, add one and a half centimeters for the seams.

We take a piece of fabric 150 by 150 cm, proceed to sewing.

Band: fold the cut “face” inward, cut it with allowances for a longitudinal cut of 15 cm, for transverse cuts of 1.5 cm. We sew the transverse sections into a ring, insert a plastic (or cardboard) base inside, fasten its ends with a stapler. We try on, adjust the length. We tighten the fabric to make a cap, cut off the excess fabric.

Tula: cut out a rhombus from cardboard and two rhombuses from fabric (not forgetting to leave it on the seams). Fold inward with the right side, sew together, leaving one side. We turn it inside out, insert cardboard, sew in a tassel, sew the crown and band together.

How to make a graduate hat - a confederate hat with your own hands

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Graduation at an educational institution is a wonderful holiday that is associated with the beginning of a new life. One of his main attributes is a confederate hat. This is a square hat with a tassel. It emphasizes the solemnity of the moment and is a symbol of academic achievement. Graduates who need such a product can buy a confederate in the online store or do it yourself. We want to talk about the second option in more detail.

Graduation Square Cap - History

An academic cap is a headdress that consists of a horizontal board and a tassel. It is used in conjunction with the mantle. Initially, square hats were common in educational institutions with the British model of education. Today they are used in our country.

The Confederate hat in English is called the Square academic cap. It is also called the master's cap and bonet. There is an opinion that the cap worn by the professor and graduate comes from a liturgical biretta. This is a headdress of Catholic priests, made in the form of a square hat with a pompom on top.

Initially, the confederate was intended for holders of a master's degree. Later, bachelors and students began to use it. But in the United States, schoolchildren put on a hat when they receive diplomas.

An important element of the hat is the tassel. After graduation, it is transferred to the other side. In some cases, the brush is supplemented with an honorary inscription in Latin.

You don't need any special skills to solve this problem. To make an academic cap, you will need a diagram and a set of materials. These include black cardboard, PVA glue, a pencil, scissors, and a ruler. You also need a cord and floss thread. Their color depends on the type of discipline. For example, in journalism, a crimson brush is used, in pharmacology - dark green, in social sciences - gold.

A cap for a graduate is made in several stages:

we take two sheets of cardboard and cut out squares of 20 × 20 cm from them. Then we glue them together. If the cardboard is two-color, then one piece is needed;
we take another sheet of cardboard and cut out strips of 10 × 30 cm in size from it. After that, we glue the strips along the short edge. The length of the part obtained depends on the girth of the head, which must first be determined using a centimeter tape;
on the strip we retreat from the edge of 3 centimeters and draw a line along the entire length. Then we make hatching with a distance of 2 cm;
at the next stage, it is necessary to cut all the lines and bend the resulting strips inward;
we take the workpiece in our hands and glue the ends so that we get a cylinder;
at the final stage, you need to glue the previously prepared square to the cylinder.

A cap for a graduate of a higher educational institution is almost ready. Now you need to make a brush. To do this, cut the floss threads of 10 cm and tie them in the middle. After that, the resulting brush is wrapped with threads near the fold. The product is attached to the cord.

It remains to attach the tassel to the Confederate hat. To solve this problem, a hole is made in the center of the square and a cord is placed there. From the inside, a knot is made on it. All. The product is ready. For him, you needed a pattern and a little time.

The cap is made not only from cardboard. Available . For this purpose, a pattern and fabric (for example, gabardine or satin) are used. Sewing a cap with your own hands is more difficult. This requires practical skills. Therefore, it is better to buy a finished product or make it out of cardboard!