Sumarokov-Elston, Felix Nikolaevich
Count Felix Nikolaevich Sumarokov-Elston (January 24, 1820 - October 30, 1877) - Russian general, ataman of the Kuban Cossack army and head of the Kuban region in the mid-1860s.
origin mystery
As his very name indicates ("Felix", that is, "happy, fertile"), Elston was the illegitimate son of a dignitary. The surname "Elston", which was worn by his English nurse, Felix received a special imperial decree. There was no consensus in secular society about who exactly his parents were.
The prevailing view was that Elston was the nephew of the Empress and, therefore, a cousin of Alexander II. Prince Felix Yusupov wrote in his memoirs about the origin of his grandfather:
They say that his father was the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm IV, and his mother was the maid of honor of his sister, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna. She, having gone to visit her brother, took a lady-in-waiting with her. The Prussian king fell in love with this girl so much that he even wanted to marry. The then evil tongues assured that the surname Elston - from the French "el s'eton", which, they say, expressed the feeling of a young mother.
Rumor considered the maid of honor Countess Ekaterina Feodorovna Tizengauzen to be the mother of Elston. In 1825, young Felix was brought from Europe to Russia and brought up in the family of her mother, Elizaveta Mikhailovna Khitrovo (daughter of Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzov).
From the point of view of chronology, the opinion that Elston's parents were unmarried Baron Hugel (later a famous traveler) and the Hungarian Countess Forgach, nee Andrássy, a relative of the Hungarian Prime Minister, looks preferable. In this case, he was the brother of the religious thinker Friedrich Hugel.
The great-granddaughter of Sumarokov-Elston Z. Burke-Bashkirova, who studied archival documents to resolve the issue, claims that Felix's mother was Countess Josefina Forgach, who gave birth to a child from a relationship with Karl Hugel. Baron Hugel met Catherine Tizenhausen in the early 1820s in Italy and proposed to her. The wedding did not take place: Hugel soon fell in love with Melanie Zichy (German Melanie Zichy-Ferraris) and became engaged to her in 1824 (in 1830 she refused him and became Metternich's third wife). Catherine's mother, Elizaveta Mikhailovna, without giving up hope of arranging for her daughter, literally pursued Hugel. She adopted his illegitimate son, which greatly surprised the entire Viennese high society. Perhaps the hope of the devastated Khitrovo that Countess Forgach would appoint maintenance for her son also played a role. Chancellor Metternich, in a letter to the Austrian envoy to Russia, Lebzeltern, writes in August 1825 about Khitrovo:
“The purpose of this walk [Khitrovo's trip to Europe] is to flaunt Ekaterina and meet her with Karl Hugel, whose illegitimate son she carries with her, not being his mother. At the same time, she says to everyone: “They think that this is my boy, but - alas! “I don’t have the happiness of being his mother!”
On February 1, 1836, he entered the artillery school as a fireworker, after leaving which he was promoted to ensign in 1840 and was left at the artillery academy for higher education. In 1842, he was transferred to the Life Guards Horse Artillery, continued to serve until 1849, partly in the front, partly in the headquarters of General Feldzeugmeister Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich.
In 1849, with the rank of captain, he was appointed adjutant to the Minister of War, Count Chernyshev, and then composed for special assignments with him. In 1854, with the opening of hostilities in Asian Turkey, he was sent to the Caucasus, where he temporarily commanded a battalion of the Brest Infantry Regiment, as part of the Guria detachment, and participated in operations on the Caucasian-Turkish border as part of a corps under the command of Lieutenant General V. O. Bebutov, with whom in May of the same year he crossed the Kars-Choi. During the siege of Sevastopol, he took part in its defense and at the end of the campaign he was promoted to colonel and on April 17, 1855 was awarded the rank of adjutant wing.
On September 8, 1856, by personal Imperial decree, he was ordered to add to his surname the surname and title of his father-in-law, who had no sons of Count S.P. Sumarokov, and henceforth be called Count Sumarokov-Elston. In 1857, the newly minted count was appointed vice director of the office of the military ministry, but a year later he was again transferred to the Caucasus, where he commanded first the Apsheron infantry and then the Georgian grenadier regiment and was promoted to major general on January 28, 1860 for his distinction in cases against the highlanders. with the appointment to the retinue of His Majesty.
In 1861, he served as assistant chief of the Caucasian Grenadier Division, and in 1863 he was appointed to the post of chief ataman of the Kuban Cossack army. Since that time, commanding independent detachments, he took an active part in the conquest of the western Caucasus. His military activities coincided with the time of the final conquest of the Caucasus and the capture of Shamil. For the military distinctions of the Caucasian period of his service, Sumarokov was awarded orders; in addition, on June 5, 1864, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general, received two nominal Highest favors and five thousand acres of land in eternal possession.
In 1865 he was appointed head of the Kuban region and commander of the troops located in it, and on April 17, 1866 he was granted the rank of adjutant general. From 1868 to 1874, due to poor health, he temporarily left the service and lived mainly abroad. During this time, he was sent to Belgrade to be present at the wedding of Prince Milan of Serbia. In 1875, he was under the Swedish king Oscar II during his visit to Russia and in the same year was present at the opening of a monument to the late Swedish king Oscar I in Norway; in addition, he traveled to Vienna on a diplomatic mission. In 1875 he was appointed commander of the Kharkov military district.
He died in Kharkov, October 30, 1877 (according to the erroneous data of Grigory Miloradovich - October 30, 1878).
He was married since 1852 to Countess Elena Sergeevna Sumarokova (1829-1901), daughter of Adjutant General and Artillery General S.P. Sumarokov, seven children were born in the marriage:
Sergei (1853-1880)
Pavel (1855-1938)
Felix (1856-1928) lieutenant general.
Gabriel (1859-1879)
Nicholas (1861-1908)
Elizaveta (1858-1940), married to a member of the State Council P. M. Lazarev, the son of Admiral M. P. Lazarev.
Alexandra (1863-1936), married to the politician Yu. N. Milyutin.
Sumarokov-Elston Nikolai Feliksovich (count)
Nikolai Feliksovich Sumarokov-Elston b. 1883 d. 1908
Sumarokov-Elston, Mikhail Nikolaevich
Count Mikhail Nikolaevich Sumarokov-Elston (January 2, 1893, Yalta, Russian Empire - July 3, 1970, London, Great Britain) - Russian tennis player, participant in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm as part of the Russian team, 8-time Russian tennis champion.
Personal life
Grandson of the first Count Sumarokov-Elston, son of Count Nikolai Feliksovich Sumarokov-Elston and Countess Sofya Mikhailovna Koskul, cousin of Prince F. F. Yusupov.
Graduated from St. Petersburg University. In August 1914, he volunteered for the front. From 1918 he was in exile. First he lived in the south of France, in Nice, where he became known as the strongest master of sports. He played in mixed doubles with the legendary Frenchwoman Suzanne Lenglen. Then he lived in London, where he died and was buried at the Chiswick New Cemetery in London (England) in 1970.
His wife is Countess Natalia Nikolaevna Sumarokova-Elston (née Bellic). Sumarokov-Elston has a daughter, Countess Sophie Land, who lives in England.
Sports career
One of the pioneers of Russian professional tennis. The strongest Russian tennis player of the early XX century. He was a member of the Petrograd circle of athletes. Together with Alexander Alenitsyn, he became the first Russian tennis player to participate in the 1912 Olympic Games. He competed with him in doubles. By lot, he was supposed to meet with him in singles on open courts, but the leadership of the national team decided at the last moment to remove Alenitsyn from singles. Sumarokov-Elston went into the second round without a game, where he defeated Swedish champion Karl Setterval in 4 sets. But in the next round he could not defeat Oscar Kreutzer, the second racket of Germany.
Alenitsyn and Sumarokov at the 1912 Olympics
Titles
8-time champion of Russia (in 1912 the Absolute champion): in singles (1910-1914)
doubles (1912)
mixed category (1912-1913)
Winner of the first indoor competitions in Russia in singles and doubles (1911).
Awards
In 2002, he was one of the first to be inducted into the Russian Tennis Hall of Fame in the Pioneers of Russian Tennis nomination.
Since 2003, in St. Petersburg, on the courts of the St. Petersburg SC "Krestovsky", the tennis championship "Memorial of Count M.N. Sumarokov-Elston", dedicated to the memory of the athlete.
Count Pavel Feliksovich Sumarokov-Elston
but Alexandra did not remain free for long - in 1879 she married the 23-year-old ensign Count Pavel Feliksovich Sumarokov-Elston, who was two years younger than her. All his numerous relatives desperately protested against this marriage. But, Sumarokov-Elston (which is the uncle of Felix Yusupov), did not listen to anyone.
Alexandra gave birth to her new husband two more daughters: in 1881 - Ekaterina, in 1886 - Zinaida, and on November 4, 1894, at the age of 41, she died in the Demidov estate in Koreiz, which, after the death in 1893 of her first husband, Count Demidov passed down to their eldest son.
Before that, in 1888, the already new Emperor Alexander III, recognized the children of his cousin, giving them the surname "Volynsky" (after the Life Guards of the Volyn Regiment, whose chief was once their father), and the patronymic "Pavlovichi" (after their stepfather's name).
http://oadam.livejournal.com/294870.html
Parents
title: Count
January 7, 1879 marriage: ♀ # Alexandra Aleksandrovna Abaza (Demidova, Sumarokova-Elston) [Abaza] b. October 1, 1853 d. 4 November 1894
October 15, 1881 child birth: ♀ Ekaterina Pavlovna Sumarokova-Elston (von der Pahlen) [Sumarokovy-Elston] b. October 15, 1881 d. October 22, 1969
2 June 1886 child birth: ♀ # Zinaida Pavlovna Sumarokova-Elston (Bashkirova) [Sumarokovy-Elston] b. June 2, 1886 d. June 7, 1954
Its owner - Prince Felix Yusupov, Prince Sumarokov-Elston - was the Governor General of Moscow,
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Yusupov Felix Feliksovich (senior) (1856-1928), Prince, Count Sumarokov-Elston, Adjutant General, General of the Guards Cavalry, Adjutant of the Grand Duke ...
Elston Nikolai Feliksovich Count Sumarokov-Elston Prince Yusupov (1883.02.16--1908.06.22, Arkhangelskoye village Zvenigorod.-Moscow Gubernia) graduated from the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University in 1906 Gifted man: wrote prose, organized a theater troupe and successfully performed in its performances. Killed in a duel on June 1908, 22 by Count Arvid Ernestovich Manteifel, lieutenant of the Cavalier Guard Regiment,
Elston Felix Nikolaevich gf. Sumarokov-Elston (1856.09.08-) (1820/27--1877) adjutant general (1866-) major general of the retinue E.I.V. (1859-) adjutant wing (1856 -) colonel (1856) commander of the Kharkov military district, graduate in 1842 of the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy ~ Elena. Serg. gfn. Sumarokova
Elston Felix Feliksovich Junior Count Sumarokov-Elston Prince Yusupov (1928-) (1887-1967) He graduated from the private gymnasium of Ya.G. Gurevich in St. Petersburg, studied for some time at St. 1912 studied at Oxford University. 1915-1916 was engaged in special courses of the Corps of Pages, preparing for the exams for the rank of officer. 1914 married the niece of Emperor Nicholas II, daughter of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna, Princess of Imperial Blood Irina Alexandrovna (1895-1970) 1916 G. E. Rasputin Subsequently, together with his wife, he emigrated abroad (France) Leading a wide lifestyle, they quickly squandered the money and diamonds they had taken with them, and at that time a revolution took place, Realizing that it was not necessary to count on receiving capital, they were on the remnants of money bought the building of the former stables, where living quarters were equipped upstairs, and a hat workshop downstairs. During a visit to France by N.S. Khrushchev, he met with Prince F.F. Yusupov and answered the latter’s question about the possibility of visiting the Motherland in the affirmative. 22 IRINA ALEKSANDROVNA ROMANOVA (3/1895.07.15-1970.02.26)
Elston Felix Feliksovich Senior Count Sumarokov-Elston Prince Yusupov (1856.10.05, St. Petersburg - 1928.06.10, Rome, Italy), Prince, Count Sumarokov-Elston, Russian. lieutenant general (6.5.19.15), adjutant general (1915.05.06). His father, Felix Elston (he was the illegitimate son of the German Emperor Wilhelm I and married the only daughter of Count Sumarokov), received the right to be called Count Sumarokov-Elston. He studied in the Corps of Pages (did not graduate), in 1876 he passed the officer's exam at the Chuguevsky infantry. cadet school. In 1876 he was released into the Odessa Lancers Regiment, in 1879 he was assigned to the Cavalier Guard Regiment. In 1882 he married the last of the kind, Princess Zinaida Nikolaevna Yusupova, in 1891 he was allowed to bear the title and surname of his wife (in the future, only the eldest son could inherit the title of Prince Yusupov). One of the richest people in Russia: more than 250 thousand acres of land in 17 estates, 5 factories, tenement houses, palaces (including Arkhangelsk). 1883.02.06-1885.07.05 assigned to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Since 1886.11.07 adjutant of the Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. From 1904.04.06 com. Cavalier Guard Regiment, 1908.10.28-1911.12.13 - 2nd brigade of the 2nd guards cavalry. div .. From 1912.08.07 Chairman of the Board of the Imperial Stroganov Center of the Art and Industrial School. Since 1915.05.05 the main beginning. Moscow Military District and the commander-in-chief over Moscow. 1915.06.19 Yu. was relieved of the post of chief commander, and 1915.09.03 - from the post of chief commander. After the October Revolution, he left for the Crimea, and on April 1919, 13, together with Empress Maria Fedorovna, on a cruiser<Мальборо>left Russia. Lived in Italy. awb,
Elston Felix Feliksovich gf. Sumarokov (1853.09.01 - 1881.05.08,† village of Koreiz Yalta-u. Collection of biographies of cavalry guards, IV, 308) [Chulkov N.P. Russian provincial necropolis. M., 1996]
Rod Sumarokov-Elston
Gender female
Full name
from birth Elizaveta Feliksovna Sumarokova-Elston
Change of surname Lazarev
Parents
♂ # Felix Nikolaevich Elston (Sumarokov-Elston) [Elstons] b. 1820 d. 1877
♀ Elena Sergeevna Sumarokova [Sumarokovs] b. 1829 d. 1901
title: countess
May 11, 1881 child birth: ♂ Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev [Lazarev] b. 11 May 1881 d. after 1929
25 November 1886 child birth: ♂ Vladimir Petrovich Lazarev [Lazarev] b. November 25, 1886 d. January 23, 1962
February 6, 1890 child birth: Tsarskoye Selo, ♀ # Irina Petrovna Lazareva (Rodzianko, Vorontsova-Dashkova) [Lazarevs] b. February 6, 1890 d. September 1, 1977
3111. Count SUMAROKOV-ELSTON Sergei Feliksovich (6.10.1853-9.5.1880), Lieutenant of the Cavalier Guard Regiment.
3112. Count SUMAROKOV-ELSTON Pavel Feliksovich (6.7.1855-7).
well. ABAZA Alexandra Alexandrovna in the 1st marriage was for A.P. Demidov.
3113. YUSUPOV (Count SUMAROKOV-ELSTON) Felix Felixovich, Prince (October 5, 1856-June 11, 1928. Rome). Horse guard. OK. Page. corps in 1876, cornet of the 10th Odessa Lancers Duke of Nasau Regiment. After marrying Prince Yusupova by permission of the imp. after the death of N.B. Yusupov, he was allowed to add "Prince Yusupov" to his surname. This right is given only to the elders in the family. It came into force by the Decree of the Senate of 2 December. 1891. In 1886-1904. adjutant of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich until his death at the hands of a terrorist. From 1904 - Commander Kavalerg. n. Commander of the 2nd Guards Cavalry Division in 1908-1911. Since May 1915 - the chief head of the Moscow military district and the governor-general of Moscow. Major General.
well. YUSUPOVA Zinaida Nikolaevna, princess (09/20/1861 - 11/24/1939, Paris), the last in the Yusupov family, descended from the Nogai princes, the daughter of Prince Nikolai Borisovich (d. 1891), who left to the descendants a palace and park miracle - the Arkhangelskoye estate, acquired his namesake grandfather in 1810, and his wife Tatiana Engelhard. Married since 4/4/1882. “My mother,” wrote her son Felix, “was charming. With a slender waist, thin, graceful, with very dark hair, a swarthy complexion and blue eyes shining like stars.” She played in amateur performances.
m. LAZAREV Petr Mikhailovich (1850-), Son of Adjutant General, Admiral Mikhail Petrovich L. and Ekaterina Timofeevna Van der Flint. Served in the Cavalier Guard Regiment. From 1885 to 1889 - Kursk vice-governor, in 1889-1901 - governor of the Tauride province. From 1905 - member of the State Council. "The peaceful nature and kindness made everyone love him."
3115. Count SUMAROKOV-ELSTON Gavrila Feliksovich, (October 26, 1859-February 6, 1879, retired from Tikhv.kl. ANL SP6).
3116. Count SUMAROKOV-ELSTON Nikolai Feliksovich (29.5.1861-?).
well. Countess Koskul Sophia Mikhailovna.
3117. Countess SUMAROKOVA-ELSTON Alexandra Feliksovna (13.7.1863-?).
m. MILYUTIN Yuri Nikolaevich, probably the son of Milyutin Nikolai Alekseevich (1818-1872), the actual leader of the work on the peasant reform of 1861 (assisted by the Minister of Foreign Affairs). [BES, 804]
From the point of view of chronology, the opinion that Elston's parents were unmarried Baron Hugel (later a famous traveler) and the Hungarian Countess Forgach, nee Andrássy, a relative of the Hungarian Prime Minister, looks preferable. In such a case, he was the brother of the religious thinker Friedrich Hügel.
The great-granddaughter of Sumarokov-Elston Z. Burke-Bashkirova, who studied archival documents to resolve the issue, claims that Felix's mother was Countess Josefina Forgach, who gave birth to a child from a relationship with Karl Hugel. Baron Hugel met Catherine Tizenhausen in the early 1820s in Italy and proposed to her. The wedding did not take place: Hugel soon fell in love with Melania Zichy (German. Melanie Zichy-Ferraris) and became engaged to her in 1824 (in 1830 she refused him and became Metternich's third wife). Catherine's mother, Elizaveta Mikhailovna, without giving up hope of arranging for her daughter, literally pursued Hugel. She adopted his illegitimate son, which greatly surprised the entire Viennese high society. Perhaps the hope of the devastated Khitrovo that Countess Forgach would appoint maintenance for her son also played a role. Chancellor Metternich, in a letter to the Austrian envoy to Russia, Lebzeltern, writes in August 1825 about Khitrovo:
“The purpose of this walk [Khitrovo's trip to Europe] is to flaunt Ekaterina and meet her with Karl Hugel, whose illegitimate son she carries with her, not being his mother. At the same time, she says to everyone: “They think that this is my boy, but - alas! “I don’t have the happiness of being his mother!”
Career
On September 8, 1856, he was ordered to add to his surname the surname and title of his father-in-law - Count S. P. Sumarokov, who had no sons. From that day on, Felix Elston became Count Sumarokov-Elston. In 1857, the newly minted count was appointed vice director of the office of the military ministry, but a year later he was again transferred to the Caucasus, where he commanded first the Apsheron Infantry Regiment, and then the Georgian Grenadier Regiment, and was promoted to major general on January 28, 1860 with the appointment to the retinue of His Majesty.
In 1861, he served as assistant chief of the Caucasian Grenadier Division, and in 1863 he was appointed to the post of chief ataman of the Kuban Cossack army. Since that time, commanding independent detachments, he took an active part in the conquest of the western Caucasus. His military activities coincided with the time of the final conquest of the Caucasus and the capture of Shamil. For the military distinctions of the Caucasian period of his service, Sumarokov was awarded orders; in addition, on June 5, 1864, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general, received two nominal Highest favors and five thousand acres of land in eternal possession.
Prince Yusupov Count Sumarokov-Elston Felix Felixovich Orthodox. From the nobles of the St. Petersburg province. Prince. Until 1891, he was called Count Sumarokov-Elston (Yu's father, Felix Elston, was the illegitimate son of the German Emperor Wilhelm I and received the title of count and a double surname, having married the only daughter and heiress of Count Sumarokov). He studied at the Corps of Pages (did not graduate). Entered service on July 21, 1876. He withstood the officer's examination at the Chuguevsky infantry. cadet school (1876). Cornet (Art. 08/09/1876). Defined in the 10th Odessa Lancers Regiment. Since 11/24/1876 the orderly of the commander of the 10th army corps. Member of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78. Lieutenant (pr. 1878; item 10/13/1878; for distinction). In 1879 he was seconded and transferred to the Cavalier Guard Regiment with the rank of Guards Cornet. (Art. 07/22/1879). Lieutenant (pr. 1882; item 04/28/1882; for distinction). In 1882 he married Princess Zinaida Nikolaevna Yusupova (09/20/1861-11/24/1939) - a maid of honor, daughter of the chamberlain, the only heiress of a fading family. He became one of the richest people in Russia (he personally owned 6,000 acres in the Kuban region, 4 dachas in the Crimea and 4 in Sochi. As a dowry, his wife received palaces in both capitals and a number of estates with unique collections of paintings and sculptures). From 05.1882 he was under the adjutant general Count M.T. Loris-Melikov, was assigned to the Ministry of Internal Affairs (02.06. Adjutant led. book. Sergei Alexandrovich (07.11.1886-06.04.1904). Headquarters Captain (project 1888; item 04/24/1888; for distinction). In 1891, Yusupov was allowed to wear, in addition to his own, the title and surname of his wife (later on, only the senior son could inherit the title of Prince Yusupov). Captain (pr. 1892; item 07/22/1892; for distinction). Commander of the 2nd squadron of the Cavalier Guard Regiment (11/29/1894-02/29/1904). Colonel (Art. 07/05/1898). Commander of the Cavalier Guard Regiment (04/06/1904-07/22/1905). Major General (pr. 07/22/1905; item 11/26/1906; for distinction). Commander of the Cavalier Guard Regiment (07/22/1905-10/28/1908). 12/09/1905 enrolled in the retinue of His Highness. Commander of the 2nd Brigade, 2nd Guards. kav. divisions (10/28/1908-12/13/1911). Since 08/07/1912 the chairman of the council of the Imp. Stroganov Center. School of Art and Industry. Chief of the Moscow Military District and commander-in-chief of Moscow (VP 05/05/1915). Lieutenant General (added to pr. 05/06/1915; art. 05/06/1915; for distinction in service) with the appointment of Adjutant General and with the retention in his position. Dismissed from the post of chief commander (VP on 06/19/1915), and later (VP on 09/03/1915) from the post of commander in chief. On behalf of Nicholas II, delivered to France and handed over to the commander-in-chief of the French. army of Gen. Joffrey insignia of the Order of St. George 2nd class. On 07/10/1916 he was listed in the guards. cavalry. After the October Revolution, he left for the Crimea, and on April 13, 1919, together with Empress Maria Feodorovna, left Russia on the cruiser Marlboro. Lived in Italy. Died in Rome. Father of Prince Yusupov Felix Feliksovich (March 11, 1887–September 27, 1967), who gained fame in connection with his participation in the murder of G.E. Rasputin. Awards: Order of St. Anne, 3rd class. (1883); St. Stanislaus 2nd class (1888); St. Vladimir 4th Art. (1892); St. Anne 2nd Art. (1895); St. Vladimir 3rd Art. (1901); St. Stanislaus 1st class (1908); St. Anne 1st st. (1912); St. Vladimir 2nd Art. (VP 06.12.1914). The highest favor (1896), the highest gratitude (VP 05/06/1915; for the excellent performance of various assignments of His Majesty and business trips during the real war). Foreign orders: Hessian Ludwig Cavalier's Cross 1st class. (1889); French Legion of Honor Chevalier's Cross (1892); Montenegrin Prince Daniil I 3rd Art. (1894); Persian Lion and Sun 3rd Art. (1895); Swedish Vases of the Commander's Cross, 2nd class. (1896); French Legion of Honor Officer's Cross and Romanian Crown Commander's Cross (both 1897); Romanian Stars of the officer's cross 2nd class. (1899); Danish Danebrog grand cross (1910); Belgian Crown Grand Cross (1915).
10/17/1856 - 06/10/1928 (aged 71)
162 years since birth
91 years since death
Information sources:
Noble family: from the history of noble families in Russia / comp. W. P. Stark. - St. Petersburg: Art: Nabokov Fund, 2000. - 239 p.: ill.Yudin, E. E. Princes Yusupovs: an aristocratic family in late imperial Russia, 1890-1916 / E. E. Yudin; Ros. state humanitarian. un-t. - Moscow: RGGU, 2012. - 357 p.
Yusupov, F. Memoirs: in 2 books. : Before exile. 1887-1919; In exile / book. F. Yusupov; per. from fr. E. Kassirova. - M. : Zakharov, 2001. - 429 p.: ill.
Aleksandrova, E. L. Vodskaya pyatina - Ingermanland - St. Petersburg province - Leningrad region: ist. past / E. L. Aleksandrova. - St. Petersburg: Gyol, 2011. - S. 381.
Bashkirov, K. S. History and heraldry of the Land of Leningrad / K. S. Bashkirov., S. Yu. Steinbakh. - St. Petersburg: [b. and.], 2008. - S. 435, 436.
Glushkova, V. G. Suburbs of St. Petersburg: from Peterhof to Gatchina / V. G. Glushkova. - Moscow: Veche, 2014. - S. 179, 239, 241, 244. - (Historical guide).
Murashova N., Noble estates of the St. Petersburg province: Kingisepp district / N. V. Murashova, L. P. Myslina. - St. Petersburg: Choice, 2003. - P. 52.
Murashova, N. V. Noble estates of the St. Petersburg province: southern Ladoga, Kirov and Volkhov regions / N. V. Murashova, L. P. Myslina. - St. Petersburg: Alaborg, 2009. - P. 103.
Murashova, N.V. One hundred noble estates of the St. Petersburg province: ist. ref. / N. Murashova. - St. Petersburg: Choice, 2005. - P. 165.
Russian military leader, lieutenant general, adjutant general. Having married the last of her kind, Princess Z. Yusupova, he received the right to bear the title and surname of his wife (1891). Since 1886, adjutant of the Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. In 1905, he received the rank of major general and was enrolled in His Majesty's retinue. From 1904–1908 - Commander of the Cavalier Guard Regiment, in 1908-1911. - 2nd Brigade of the 2nd Guards Cavalry Division. Since 1912 - Chairman of the Board of the Imperial Stroganov Central Industrial Art School. From May - June 1915 - the chief commander of the Moscow military district and the commander-in-chief of the city of Moscow. Removed from office for ineffective actions during the anti-German pogroms in Moscow.
On the lands where the village is now located. MGA at the beginning of the twentieth century. was a pine forest. 32 square kilometers of this forest belonged to the prince. I went here to hunt bears, for which a house of huntsmen and huntsmen's dogs was built.
In Sablino (Tosnensky district) there was a dacha of the wife of Princess Z. N. Yusupova.
Let's continue the story about adjutants. About the first adjutant K.A. Balyasny can be read
Today we will talk about the father of the famous killer of all times and peoples, the father of Prince Felix Yusupov. That is, about Count Felix Feliksovich Sumarokov-Elston, Prince Yusupov ...
Of course, I pompously dubbed him the father of a murderer - but, strictly speaking, this seems to be almost the only thing that makes him stand out in the story. Because Felix Sr. did not stand out from the crowd with special talents and did not cause great enthusiasm (or hatred) among his contemporaries. An ordinary aristocrat with an unusual (admittedly) pedigree, a rich and beautiful wife, and an excellent military career.
Portrait of F.F. Sumarokova-Elston, Prince Yusupov
Count Felix Sumarokov-Elston was born in the family of Count Felix Nikolaevich Sumarokov-Elston (1820-77) and Countess Elena Nikolaevna Sumarokova (1829-1901) (her original love for silkworms can be read in her grandson's memoirs). She was the last in the family of Counts Sumarokov, and therefore her husband got the honor of adding the count's title of wife to his unknown surname. According to legend, F.N. Elston was the son of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV and Countess Ekaterina Feodorovna Tizenhausen, granddaughter of Field Marshal Kutuzov and maid of honor of the imperial court. The story is dark and one of the descendants of the Elstons conducted an investigation, and came to the conclusion that the king and granddaughter of Kutuzov had nothing to do with it, and the parents of Felix Nikolaevich were a Hungarian countess and a German aristocrat. The daughter and granddaughter of Kutuzov only raised Elston in their house. For those who are interested, google - a lot of information. Wikipedia also missed this issue. To be honest, I don’t want to focus on family legends. It is better to delve into the facts and real family ties. I repeat once again that this is insanely interesting, because relatives are a lot in the life of every person.
Count Felix was the third son in a large family, one of his brothers - Pavel - married a very interesting lady, a woman with a terrible reputation at that time. Alexandra Abaza - in Demidov's first marriage - managed to divorce her first husband and be the mistress of Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich, the same exiled exile that the Romanovs did not like to remember. For almost 3 years she followed the prince to all his places of exile and bore him two children (she had five children from her first husband, and she will give birth to two more from Pavel Sumarokov! There were women ...). So Felix Sr., long before his son's marriage to Princess Romanova, had certain "family" ties with the imperial family.
One of the nephews of Felix Sr., Count Mikhail Sumarokov-Elston, became one of the most famous tennis players in the world - you can also easily find information about him on the Internet.
F.F. Sumarokov-Elston in his cavalry guard uniform
Felix's father made a brilliant military career, and the sons tried to follow in his footsteps. But Felix the son was glorified not by a military uniform, but by his wife. He managed to capture the richest heiress of Russia - Princess Zinaida Yusupova - with a fight she knocked out her father's consent to marriage with the inconspicuous cavalry guard Sumarokov-Elston. The biographers of the Yusupovs love to speculate on the topic - and what did Zinaida find in the ordinary Felix ... He, of course, was a handsome man in his youth, probably a princess and fell in love with his dashing appearance. We still don't know all the details. In 1882, the count and princess got married, they had several children, of whom only two sons survived, and in 1891 Sumarokov-Elston received the highest permission to be called Prince Yusupov (after the death of his father-in-law). And his surname became triple))).
How did Sumarokov-Elston become the adjutant of Grand Duke Sergei? He met the Grand Duke and his wife in the summer of 1884 - they were neighbors on the estate. At the same time, friendship between "families" began, i.e. joint leisure activities. In 1886, the Grand Duke was looking for a new adjutant, since K.A. Balyasny got married and, apparently, could not be constantly at court. Sergei Alexandrovich began to look closely at his fellow soldiers, and, as a result, he almost "choosed" V.F. Dzhunkovsky - even invited him to Ilinskoye in the summer to get to know the young officer better. Dzhunkovsky himself had some suspicions about the plans of the Grand Duke, but - according to his memoirs - he did not aspire to such a position, as he wanted to make a military career and gain life experience. But the old state lady Ekaterina Fedorovna Tizenhausen intervened in the plans of the Grand Duke - yes, the very granddaughter of Kutuzov, whose son was rumored to be Felix Nikolaevich Elston. She asked to give the son of her former pupil a position at court. And no one could refuse the revered and respected lady. This is how F.F. Sumarokov-Elston in November 1886 was appointed adjutant. Honestly, I did not quite understand - why did he need it? Given the wealth and position in society of his wife. He could have made a career anyway... And he did, in the end. Or was he pressured by relatives? So that he does not move too far away from the family, doing military affairs? In general, there is definitely some kind of related background here.
The Grand Duke with his wife, relatives, friends and retinue. Costumed minuet in May 1888 (ball at Grand Duke Vladimir). Felix is in the back row, second from the right. His wife Zinaida is sitting next to Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna.
Being in the position of adjutant, Count Felix rose to the rank of colonel (1898) and in the spring of 1904 left his post at the court of the Grand Duke to take command of the Cavalier Guard Regiment (until 1908). (And after him, the regiment will be commanded by G. G. Mengden, the former manager of the court of the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess.) In 1915, Felix Feliksovich will briefly receive another significant position - the chief commander of the Moscow Military District and the commander-in-chief of Moscow. Here you can read in detail about all the stages of the military career of the Count-Prince.
In 1919, together with his family (wife, son, daughter-in-law, granddaughter), Felix Feliksovich left Russia on the cruiser Marlboro and died in Rome in 1928. In the last years of his life, he was constantly ill. His wife, Princess Zinaida, died in Paris in 1939. The eldest son Nikolai was killed in a duel in 1908 (which was an unbearable loss for Zinaida Nikolaevna), but the younger Felix became so famous that it simply makes no sense to talk about him here.
The Sumarokovs-Elstons-Yusupovs were very close to Grand Duke Sergei and his wife. As I said, they were kind and good friends. The Grand Duchess will support Zinaida Yusupova when she loses her eldest son, and will instruct the youngest - becoming something like a spiritual mother to him.
But, if we talk specifically about Felix Sr., his character and relations with the grand ducal couple, then there is almost nothing to say. His son Felix described his father as a straightforward and harsh soldier who did not find spiritual intimacy with his wife and sons. And in the correspondence between the Grand Duke and his wife, Felix Sr. is not distinguished by anything special. Almost nothing is said about him - well, it’s true, I found that in 1892 he donated 50 thousand rubles for the starving (and he probably donated from his wife’s capital))) and the Grand Duke noted this as a decent amount. .. Therefore, in preparation for writing this post, I almost did not know WHAT to write about this adjutant, except that he was the husband of the beautiful Zinaida. What can I say about him, if all the facts about the pedigree and career are instantly given to me by Google, and about personal qualities there are only three lines in his son’s memoirs ... It’s even somehow boring. Do not bombard you with the same photos for the fifth time (I mean group shots of the grand ducal couple with their retinue and friends). One can only note the amazing resemblance of the elderly Felix to I.V. Stalin! For example:
Surprisingly similar!
But at some point, I remembered a long-standing discussion at the Alexander Palace Forums. I think her retelling or, if you like, analysis, will revive the Sumarokov-Elston saga.
Let's leave aside the juicy rumors that Felix Sr. was gay. These rumors trailed behind all the adjutants of the Grand Duke Sergei - the prince himself also got from his contemporaries in full for his character and manners. But now is not about that.
And about the fact that Felix Sr. ... had a second family. Yes. In his declining years, the brave cavalry guard started an affair and became the father of three children. Let's ask where this information comes from.
Felix Sr. in 1910 fell in love with his goddaughter named ... Zinaida Grigorieva (1880-1965), who was fit for him as a daughter and companion of her mother. In 1912, the first child was born - Nikolai, who died after 2 years. In 1916, a son was born again, baptized with the name Eleutherius (!!!). In 1919, a daughter, Tatyana, was born in Alupka. And Felix Sr. helped his mistress escape from the Crimea, straightening fictitious documents, as if she were the wife of his personal secretary Svetilov. And before her flight (in 1920), she lived near Ai-Todor (the estate of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich). Then Zinaida Grigorieva lived in Rome, near the Yusupovs' house, and the elderly Count Felix intensively communicated with his illegitimate children. Moreover, his wife and son knew about this second family. And supposedly Felix Jr. promised his father to take care of his half-brother and sister. But he never did. Zinaida Grigoryeva-Svetilova had to pay for her life with the jewelry given to her by Felix Sr. Eleutherius (that is, Olivier in French transcription) lived right up to 2007, and his sister Tatiana died in January 2011 (she had two daughters). The story of the unknown mistress of Felix Sr. surfaced at one of the antique auctions in France in 2007 - photographs, letters and personal belongings belonging to Zinaida Grigorieva were put up for sale. Under the authenticity of these things and the love story, the French historian Cyril Boulet subscribed ...
It is clear that the matter is dark. Felix Jr. nowhere and never announced a half-brother and sister. However, it was not necessary to talk about it. And in general, this story did not appear anywhere else until 2007 ... Of course, there are a lot of questions. Of course, Felix Sr. could have a mistress, and his wife could have known about it, and could have known about illegitimate children (however, in this case, name her son Nikolai, given that the eldest son with the same name from his legal wife died tragically, to put it mildly , not entirely ethical). But how could Felix help Zinaida Grigorieva and her children who remained in the Crimea? He himself was a refugee and without a livelihood - and then lived at the expense of his wife, who sold her jewelry. Moreover, already in the early 1920s, Felix Sr. was a complete wreck in terms of health and experienced something like a stroke, and in 1924 another stroke happened to him. How, then, could he constantly associate with his illegitimate children? With the help of Svetilov's secretary (if we could find at least some information about him)? But Felix's letters to Olivier and Tatiana were put up for sale at the auction ... By the way, about Olivier. When I read this name for the first time as the name of the son of a Russian aristocrat, I laughed heartily. Well, you have to manage it like that ... Then it dawned on me that Olivier is a transcription of the name Eleutherius. Who is Saint Eleutherius? Quote from his life: “Eleutherius' father, Eugene, served in Rome, was a senator and was appointed consul three times. Eleutheria's mother, Anthia, was converted to Christianity and baptized by St. Paul (according to Metaphrastus)... She brought up her son in piety and dedicated it to God, giving it to Pope Anikete (155-166) for church service. He ordained 15-year-old Eleutherius as a deacon, after 3 years as a presbyter, and after another 2 as a bishop, sending him to preach Christianity in prov. Illyricum. At this time imp. Adrian began the persecution of Christians and sent Felix to Illyricum to arrest Eleutherius and bring him to Rome. Felix carried out the order, but he himself was converted by Eleutherius and became a secret Christian. ..So, apparently, the name was not chosen by chance - given that there is FELIX in the life.
The children of Zinaida Grigorieva could also be the children of Secretary Svetilov. But... Here is a photo of Olivier and Tatiana. The boy is very similar to Nikolai Yusupov, the eldest son of the Yusupovs.
Here is Zinaida herself with the children.
And Felix Sr. with these children.
Although - the quality of the photograph leaves much to be desired - and it is very difficult to say for sure that it is Felix Sumarokov-Elston.
And one more document with the inscription “Koreiz” (the Yusupov estate in the Crimea), according to which Eleutherius Elston (!!!) is given the estate in the Crimea for life.
Text: “In case of my death, I leave the Kermenchik estate as the property of my son Eleutherius Elston. Income from the estate until he comes of age is given to his mother. Prince Yusupov"
.
Kermenchik (now the village of Vysokoye) is located not far from the estate of Kokkozy (the owner is Felix Jr.) - however, I did not find who this estate belonged to before 1917. And such a document, for sure, can be forged without difficulty ...
True or not, it is difficult to understand ... On this chaotic note, we will complete the story about the second adjutant of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich.