Synopsis of GCD in the middle group: "For children about space"
“The planet is the cradle of the mind, but you cannot live forever in the cradle,” said Tsiolkovsky.
Agrafonova Tatyana Anatolyevna, educator, MBDOU DS "Zhemchuzhinka", Volgodonsk
Purpose of work: This material is intended for kindergarten teachers, children of preschool and primary school age, parents. The summary was compiled for children 4-5 years old, the duration of the lesson is 15-20 minutes. The presentation can be customized at your discretion.
Target: Generalization of children's ideas about space and familiarization of children with the history of the holiday "Day of Aviation and Cosmonautics".
Tasks:
- To develop cognitive and creative activity. To instill an interest in the study of space and the history of astronautics.
-To instill a sense of patriotism and citizenship.
-Avoid the desire to cultivate curiosity in oneself.
Preliminary work:
- look at illustrations and pictures
-talk about space
- space drawing
- Reading poetry.
Equipment: big screen TV, computer, presentation material for children, balloons.
Educator: Guys, today is a special April day. Does anyone know what is so special about it? (children's answers)
Educator: Today is a holiday - the Day of Aviation and Cosmonautics. Do you know why this holiday is called that? (Answers of children).
Educator: To learn more about such a mysterious world as space, today we will go on a space journey! But before the trip, you need to properly prepare!
Gymnastics for the eyes.
To get us into space (Look up)
You don't have to leave the Earth (Look down)
We read, observe. (Movement of the eyes to the right - to the left)
We dream of becoming an astronaut. (look up)
Slide 2: Our Earth is a huge ball, imagine a big ball with seas, rivers, mountains, deserts and forests. And most importantly, people, animals, plants and other living organisms live.
Slide 3: Our Earth and everything that surrounds it is called the Universe, or space. In addition to our blue planet, there are others, as well as stars, for example, the Sun. The sun is a huge luminous ball. It seems to us that the Earth under our feet is motionless, in fact, it rotates around the sun at high speed. It goes full circle in a year.
Slide 4: In addition to the Earth, there are 8 more planets in the solar system, each planet has its own path, which is called an orbit.
All the planets in order
Call any of us:
Once - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Four is Mars.
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus,
Behind him is Neptune.
He is eighth in line.
And after him already, then,
And the ninth planet
called Pluto.
Jupiter is the largest planet. If you imagine it in the form of a watermelon, then in comparison with it, Pluto will look like a pea.
Slide 5: Since ancient times, man has admired the beauty of the night sky, but it never occurred to anyone that small luminous dots are huge planets. And then one day the Italian mathematician Galileo was inspired by the idea of using lenses in a tube to observe the stars and assembled his first telescope. It is impossible to determine exactly how many of them are in our galaxy - a huge star system called the Milky Way. And besides our galaxy, there are many others, and there are also a lot of them. And in order to understand all this, people decided to go into space.
Slide 6: It is impossible to determine exactly how many of them are in our galaxy - a huge star system called the Milky Way. And besides our galaxy, there are many others, and there are also a lot of them. And in order to understand all this, people decided to go into space. The greatest Russian scientist - Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky showed the way how to get into space.
Slide 7: October 4, 1957 is considered the birth date of the space age. On this day, a space rocket flew into orbit - this is the first artificial satellite of the Earth. This is what modern satellites look like.
Slide 8: The chief designer of the first spacecraft was Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.
Slide 9: To find out what a person will have to face in space, scientists sent dogs, rabbits, cats, mice and even microbes to “reconnaissance”. The first living creatures that flew into space and returned safely to Earth were two little mongrels - Belka and Strelka. Of all the breeds of dogs, they chose mongrels for their intelligence and endurance. They were trained for the flight for a whole year, like real astronauts.
Slide 10: On April 12, the whole world celebrates Aviation and Cosmonautics Day. This is a special holiday for all those involved in the space industry. On this day in 1961, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin on the Vostok spacecraft for the first time in the world made an orbital flight around the Earth. April 12 was declared a public holiday - the Day of Aviation and Cosmonautics. The history of space exploration began with the flight of Yuri Gagarin into space.
Teacher: Why do you think it was so important? (children's answers).
Educator: What do you guys think, is it easy to be an astronaut? Who among you dreams of becoming one?
Fizkultminutka.
We're going to the spaceport
We walk together in step. (marching step in place)
We walk around on our toes (walking in circles on our toes)
We walk on our heels. (walking in circles on heels)
Here they checked the posture, (straightened their back)
And brought the shoulder blades together (bring together and part the shoulder blades)
Let's run guys together -
We all need to warm up (light running in place).
slide 11: An astronaut is a person who tests space technology and works in space. As you might have guessed, a person cannot leave a spaceship without a special protective suit. Inside such a spacesuit, the astronaut finds himself in an artificial atmosphere, supplying him with oxygen for breathing and maintaining the necessary pressure. Although it looks bulky, you can freely walk, jump and bend over in it.
slide 12: In space, man and all objects are in a state of weightlessness. What does it mean? The word "weightlessness" means: that a person and any objects do not have weight and fly. Want to see how objects behave in zero gravity.
Weightlessness game
The game requires two balloons. Children blow on the balloon, and whose balloon stays in the air the longest wins.
slide 13: Astronauts have to work in space for weeks, months, and even years. For a long stay in space, there is the International Space Station - ISS. Of course, astronauts need food, but they don't cook it themselves.
Slide 14: Space food is quite diverse. Astronauts choose it themselves from a special menu. The menu of Russian cosmonauts looks something like this:
-First breakfast: biscuit, tea with lemon or coffee.
-Second breakfast: pork (beef), juice, bread.
-Lunch: chicken broth, prunes with nuts, juice (or milk soup with vegetables, ice cream and chocolate).
-Dinner: pork with mashed potatoes, biscuits, cheese, milk.
Water is in bags, it is drunk through a straw. In weightlessness, while eating, astronauts must also make sure that pieces of food do not fall, otherwise they will float around the ship and it will be impossible to catch them.
Slide 15: Like everyone else, astronauts need sleep to stay strong and healthy. And they sleep fastened, because of weightlessness.
Educator: Did you like our "space flight"? (children's answers) What did you like the most? What have you learned from our trip?
Educator: Well, now it's time to return to Earth, home.
Tra-ta-ta, tra-ta-ta - that's a green planet, (raise your hands up)
Na-na-na, na-na-na - the satellite near the Earth is the Moon, (spread your arms to the sides)
Tse-tse-tse, tse-tse-tse - we will fly around the Sun, (circle in place)
Choo-choo-choo, choo-choo-choo - I'll fly on a rocket, (easy running in a circle on toes)
Se-se-se, se-se-se - have been in space, (transition marching step)
Mom-mom-mom - we sat down at the spaceport. (stop squat down)
Abstract of the lesson on familiarization with the outside world
in the middle group, topic:
Cosmonautics Day in Kindergarten
To acquaint children with the history of the holiday Cosmonautics Day.
Give the initial information about the planets, the Sun, the Moon.
Dictionary: space, planets, spaceship, Yuri Gagarin.
Consolidate knowledge of geometric shapes.
Improve your visual skills and abilities.
Develop spatial imagination, fine and gross motor skills.
Cultivate curiosity.
Equipment:
Pictures depicting the portrait of Yu. Gagarin, dogs Belka and Strelka, constellations, the Moon.
Balloon.
A set of geometric figures, a sample of a rocket made up of these figures.
Sheets of paper with drawn aliens and rockets from geometric shapes, pencils.
Constellation drawings.
Cut circle cardboard, yellow and orange paint, sponges, drawing equipment.
Lesson progress:
Since ancient times, people have looked at the sky and thought about how to rise above the clouds and find out what is there. It took a lot, a lot of time until people learned how to build medical devices. And the first to fly into them were not people, but animals: rats, and then dogs. Take a look at this picture. (Show). On it you can see the first dogs. Who flew into space and returned back. Their names are Belka and Strelka. And only after other dogs successfully flew into space, the first man went there.
Many years ago, it was on this day that cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin flew into space. (Showing a portrait of Yuri Gagarin).
In a space rocket
Named "East"
He is the first on the planet
I was able to rise to the stars.
Since then, on this day every year we celebrate Cosmonautics Day - the holiday of cosmonauts and everyone who helps them successfully fly into space.
Today we will play astronauts: we will go on a flight in a spaceship, help aliens, watch the constellations.
into space on a rocket. I will show you, using the example of a balloon, how a rocket flies.
The teacher inflates the balloon and pinches the hole with his fingers. And then he opens his fingers and the ball bursts sharply upwards.
Our balloon flew like a rocket - it moved forward as long as there was air in it. A rocket is not air, but fuel.
And now let's build our rockets from geometric shapes.
Didactic game "Build a rocket"
Children are offered a sample and a set of geometric shapes. From which you need to add a rocket.
Dynamic pause "Astronauts land on planets"
Hoops of various sizes and sizes are laid out on the floor. Children are divided into two teams "East" and "Lightning" and perform the commands:
Crew members of the Vostok spacecraft, line up one after the other.
Crew members of the Lightning spaceship, stand in a circle.
The crew of the Vostok spacecraft landed on a large yellow planet.
The crew of the Lightning spacecraft landed on two small blue planets.
Astronauts and scientists have found that there is no life on the planets that revolve around our Sun: some are too cold, others are too hot. Nobody lives on these planets.
Only our planet Earth
In all suitable for habitation.
After all, the Earth is a garden planet
In this cold space
Only here the forests are noisy,
Birds calling migratory.
Take care of your planet
After all, there is no other like it!
But maybe somewhere far, far away, near another star. There are living beings on distant planets. Those who live on other, other planets, we call "aliens". Now the aliens need our help: we need to help them find their spaceships.
Didactic game "Seed aliens in spaceships"
Take a look at the sheet and answer me children:
Who flies what rocket?
On a sheet of paper, aliens are drawn from geometric shapes and rockets in the form of the same figures. It is necessary to connect with a line the image of a rocket and an alien, consisting of identical geometric shapes.
Over the Earth late at night,
Just reach out your hand
You'll grab onto the stars
They seem to be nearby.
You can take a peacock feather,
Touch the hands on the clock
Ride a Dolphin
Ride on the Scales.
Over the Earth late at night,
If you look into the sky,
You will see, like clusters,
The constellations are there.
Didactic game "Give a name to the constellations"
Guys, astronomers - scientists who observe and study the stars have discovered new constellations in the sky and are asking us to help come up with names for them.
Place your hands in a tube one after the other, as if looking through a telescope, and look carefully at this constellation. How can you name it?
When we look at the sky at night, what do we see? (Showing a picture. Children's answers). Stars and moon.
The moon is a satellite of our planet Earth.
Only the sun goes to sleep
The moon does not sit still.
Walks in the sky at night
Dimly illuminates the earth.
Now our rocket will go to the moon. There we will draw a lunar portrait. But first, let's prepare the fingers.
Finger gymnastics
"The sun"
(Two palms connected crosswise with each other with fingers spread apart)
"Rocket"
(The palms are connected by index, middle and ring fingers, the lower parts of the palms are spread apart, wrists on the table)
"Lunokhod"
(To sort through the surface of the table with your fingers, bypassing all the bumps, sideways, like a "spider")
"Cosmonautics Day"
(integrated organizational and educational activities)
Educational areas:"Knowledge", "Communication",
"Fiction", "Music", "Physical culture"
Preliminary work: Conversation with children in subgroups and individual on the topic "Space", looking at illustrations, playing with children in the printed board game "Starry Sky", consultations with parents.
Tasks:
1. Raise interest in astronauts in children; to teach them to admire their heroic work, to be proud that the first cosmonaut was a Russian. Expand your understanding of space flight.
2. To consolidate the knowledge of children that we live on planet Earth; in space there are other planets, stars, constellations.
3. Activate the dictionary with adjectives denoting features of objects; improve the ability to coordinate nouns with adjectives.
4. Enrich children's musical experience. Develop emotional responsiveness to music.
5. Continue to consolidate the ability to guess the crossword puzzle, break words into sounds.
6. Improve counting skills within 20, consolidate understanding of the relationship between numbers.
7. Continue to develop children's interest in fiction and educational literature. Develop creative imagination.
8. Develop dexterity and speed of reaction, coordination of movements.
Materials:
1. Illustrations on the theme "Space" (portraits of astronauts, types of rockets, satellites, starry sky, planetary scheme).
2. Recording songs about astronauts (“I am the Earth” by V. Muradeli, E. Dolmatov.)
3. Paper rockets by the number of children.
4. Layout with an astronaut and aliens.
Part 1.
For a positive attitude of children on the topic "Space" to play the game "Rockets".
Paper “rockets” are laid out on the table, one or two less than the children.
Children walk in a circle, they take “rockets” to the words “there is no place for latecomers”.
Fast rockets are waiting for us
To walk the planets
What we want
Let's fly to this one!
But there is one secret in the game -
There is no room for latecomers.
Repeat the game 2-3 times, each time remove 1-2 "rockets". Invite the children to count how many children and how many “rockets”, whether there are enough “rockets” for everyone, if not, how much less there are.
Conversation with children.
caregiver. Guys, do you know what a significant day will be soon?
Educator: shows a portrait of Yu. A. Gagarin and asks:
Do you know who it is? Tell us what you know about Yu. A. Gagarin.
Children: Yu.A.Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
He went high—high above the earth in a spaceship. People who fly into space are called astronauts.
Educator: Reads the story "First in space" V. Borozdin.
Educator: Being an astronaut is not only an honor, but also very difficult.
One must be courageous, resolute, persistent, resourceful and, most importantly, comprehensively educated.
The teacher points to an illustration with a rocket and says:
“The spacecraft is equipped with very complex equipment, and the astronaut must know all of it perfectly in order to be able to work on it, and in case of a breakdown, urgently repair it.
Astronauts fly into space to carry out scientific research; explore the climate of the Earth, other planets, study how plants behave in zero gravity, and conduct many other useful studies.
The teacher looks at the illustrations with the children.
Questions for children:
1) Name the first woman astronaut (Valentina Tereshkova)
2) Which of the cosmonauts was the first to go into outer space (Alexey Leonov)
3) Do you remember which animals were the first to fly into space? (dogs: Laika, then Belka and Strelka)
caregiver: There are many poems and songs about astronauts.
Includes recording of the song "I am the Earth" muses. V. Muradeli, lyrics by E. Dolmatov.
Ask questions about the lyrics.
The teacher invites the children to guess the crossword puzzle, asks riddles.
Children must make out the answers to the riddles by sounds. Who knows how to write, independently enters the answers into the crossword puzzle.
1. The ocean is bottomless,
The ocean is endless
Airless, dark
And extraordinary
Universes live in it,
Stars and comets
There are also inhabited
Maybe planets. (space)
2. By airship,
Cosmic, obedient,
We're outrunning the wind
Ride on (rocket)
3. Yellow plate
Hanging in the sky
yellow plate
Gives warmth to everyone. (sun)
4. Ice flying object,
Its tail is a strip of light,
And the name of the object is - (comet)
5. Lights the way at night,
The stars won't sleep
Let everyone sleep, she can't sleep
Will not fall asleep in the sky (moon)
Part 2.
Physical education:"Pass the Cotton"
Children stand in a circle. The first child clap in front of him, then clap on the neighbor's hand and so on in a circle.
The teacher, together with the children, examines the star map.
Asking questions.
Find the constellation Ursa Major. How many stars are in this constellation? (seven)
What is the brightest star in the Northern Hemisphere? (polar)
How many planets are in the solar system? (seven)
What do you know? (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, Neptune, Pluto.
caregiver: And what other stars and constellations do we learn from V. P. Lepilov’s poem “Space Tale”?
Reads a poem.
caregiver: Guys, let's play with you.
Brings in a layout with "cosmonaut" and "aliens",
Considered with children.
Imagine that you are astronauts. You flew to an unfamiliar planet, where aliens met you. They do not know the earthly language and you must show with gestures that you are from planet Earth, arrived in peace.
Children improvise.
After the game, the teacher sums up what the children learned new and interesting.
Self-analysis of the lesson.
1. The tasks and goals of this educational activity were almost all fulfilled.
2. All specified educational areas have been implemented.
3. The children were interested in this topic, they actively answered questions.
4. The children had an emotional-positive attitude when listening to the song and participating in the game.
1. Try to invite less active children to dialogue.
2. Conduct individual work with children who have not fully mastered the topic of the lesson.
Purpose: To expand and deepen the knowledge of pupils about space, to acquaint children with the history of astronautics, to arouse interest in space. To instill love for the native land and country.
Preliminary work: Examination of illustrations about space, learning poetry, making from plasticine on the topic: “Space study”.
Materials and equipment: multimedia installation, screen, Gyenish blocks, rocket cards.
Lesson progress
Sun. (music sounds) Guys, do you like to look at the sky at night? (children's answers)
What can you see in the sky at night? (children's answers)
Can you count how many stars are in the sky? (children's answers)
Yes, there are countless of them.
Reb. Everything, - I said firmly at home, -
I will only be an astronomer!
extraordinary
Around the Earth the Universe!
Reb. black velvet sky
Embroidered with stars
light path
Runs across the sky.
Sun. (slide S.P. Korolev) Space has always been of interest to man, and the designer Sergei Pavlovich Korolev made the first space satellite. They installed special devices on it and launched it into outer space. The flight was successful. Then the scientists decided to repeat the flight, but with living creatures on board - these were two husky dogs: Belka and Strelka.
(slide show) They also returned safely to Earth. And scientists decided to fulfill their most cherished dream - to send a man into space.
On April 12, 1961, this dream came true. For the first time in the world, cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin successfully flew around the Earth on the Vostok spacecraft. (Gagarin's speech before the start).
This was a very important and joyful event not only for our country, but for the whole world. All the people of the planet enthusiastically welcomed the first cosmonaut.
Reb. In a space rocket
Named "East"
He is the first in the world
Climb up to the stars
Sing a song about it
Spring drops:
Forever will be together
Gagarin and April.
Reb. Space is so cool!
Stars and planets
In black weightlessness
Swimming slowly!
Space is so cool!
sharp rockets
At great speed
Rushing here and there!
Sun. Now each of you will build a rocket from Gyenish blocks and fly into space to the planets. (building rockets from blocks)
Physical (march of astronauts)
One, two, there is a rocket. (arms stretched up)
Three, four - the plane (arms to the sides)
One, two - clap your hands (clap your hands)
And then for each account. (walking in place)
Arms higher, shoulders wider (arms up and down)
One, two, three, four (clap hands)
And they walked on the spot (walking on the spot)
The children sit down.
Sun. What planets have we seen? (children's answers)
Reb. All the planets in order
Call any of us:
One is Mercury,
Two is Venus
Tri-Earth,
four mars,
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven is Uranus
Behind him is Neptune.
He is eighth in a row.
And after him already, then,
And the ninth planet
called Pluto.
Reb. There is one planet - a garden
Only here the forests are noisy
Only on it one bloom
Lilies of the valley in green grass
And dragonflies are only here
They look into the river in surprise ...
Take care of your planet
After all, there is no other like it!
Presentation "Earth from space"
Tasks:
1. Introduce children to the history of the holiday Cosmonautics Day;
2. Give initial information about the planets of the solar system;
3. Activate the vocabulary of children with words: space, planet, astronaut;
4. Consolidate knowledge of geometric shapes;
5. Develop fine motor skills of hands;
Equipment:
Paper mock-up of a rocket, pictures depicting the planets of the solar system. Photos of Yu.A.Gagarin, V.N.Tereshkova, dogs Belka and Strelka
Lesson progress:
1. Conversation about space
Educator:
Children, look at these pictures (image of outer space, stars, planets). What do you see? (stars, planets)
When can we see the stars? (At night, in the night sky)
And besides the stars, what else did you see in the sky? During the day, the sun, and at night, the moon.
The sun, moon, stars - all this is in outer space. The word "cosmos" means "everything in the world." The universe is everything that exists.
Did you recognize this planet? (show image of Earth)
How did you know it was planet Earth? (she is blue)
Why is our planet so blue? (blue color is oceans and seas)
Our planet Earth is part of the universe.
Since ancient times, people have looked at the sky and wondered what is beyond the clouds and dreamed of rising above the clouds. People have invented telescopes, these are special devices that allow people to see what is located very far from the Earth.
Then people invented spaceships. Spaceships have been tested for a long time so that flights on them are safe for humans. It was not people who were the first to fly into space, but the dogs Belka and Strelka made the first successful flight into space. (show children pictures of animals). And after the flight of the dogs was successful, the first man flew into space.
Tell me, children, who knows the name of the first astronaut? (Yuri Gagarin) - show a photo of an astronaut.
This flight took place on April 12, 1961. and since then this day is celebrated as Cosmonautics Day.
Would you like to take a space trip?
Guys, now we will make a spaceship (children put chairs one after another in pairs) and go on a journey to the planets of the solar system. The Sun has its own family - these are 9 planets. They are called the planets of the solar system.
Show the children a picture of all the planets in the solar system, describe what they look like, list them.
2. Flight to other planets and guessing riddles
But our ship is not simple, to fly to each next planet, you need to guess the riddle.
The first planet we will fly to is Mercury - the planet closest to the Sun, on this planet there are very strong temperature drops from +350 to -170 degrees.
riddle: In space through the thickness of years
Ice flying object
His tail is a strip of light
And his name is ... ... ... (comet)
Well done riddle guessed, now we can fly further. The next planet is Venus.
And the riddle is this: A big sunflower in the sky
It blooms for many years
Blooms in winter and summer
But there are still no seeds (Sun)
Well, and you have guessed this riddle, which means that our ship can fly further.
Now we are flying to Mars. Mars is sometimes called the red planet. Do you know why?
Rocks on Mars contain large amounts of iron, and iron turns reddish-brown when it rusts.
Let's guess the riddle so that our ship will fly:
At the grandmother's hut
Hanging loaf of bread
Dogs bark, can't reach (month)
And now we are waiting for the largest planet in the solar system, Jupiter. And the following riddle:
The whole blue path is strewn with peas (stars)
Ahead of us is a planet with rings - Saturn.
Riddle: Only one in the sky at night
Large silver hanging orange (moon)
Well done, guys, you guessed all the riddles correctly and we will fly to the rest of the planets without stopping.
Ahead of us are the planets Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
While we are flying, we will remember which planets we have visited. (Children list the planets with the help of a teacher).
3. Mobile Game "Cosmonauts"
Children, we traveled for a long time, we had to move a little, and now we will play the game "Cosmonauts"
We arrange chairs in an amount less than the number of children.
The teacher reads the poem:
Fast rockets are waiting for us
To fly to the planets
Whatever we want, we'll fly to such
But there is one secret in the game - there is no place for latecomers
Children run around, and when the teacher says the last phrase, the children should take their places on the chairs. Latecomers are out.
Astronauts and scientists have found that there is no life on the planets that move around the sun, because some planets are too cold, others are too hot. But maybe somewhere far away there are living beings? We'll call them aliens. It means from other, from other planets. Let's help the aliens return home and show the path to the ship.
But before we get down to this important business, let's stretch our fingers:
4. Fine motor skills of fingers
Moon, moon, moon rover (we make movements with the hands, as if we were going)
Let's take flight
To start, attention, ignition (palms folded at an angle to each other)
10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 (children bend their fingers)
Takeoff! (palms folded at an angle to each other raise up)
Children draw
Children draw ships and aliens, color and draw paths to the ships.
Together we consider our work, the children tell us what color they painted over the ships and aliens and why.
The results of the lesson (reflection):
Children, what did you like to do the most today? Why?
What will you tell your parents tonight?
If children find it difficult to answer, ask questions:
What is the name of our planet?
What planets have we visited today?
What were the names of the dogs that were in space?
What was the name of the first astronaut?
What is the name of the space suit?
Which one of you wants to be an astronaut?
Well done, guys, you listened to my story very carefully, you remembered everything, you will make real astronauts.