Count NIKOLAY MIKHAILOVICH KAMENSKY, 1776-1811, the youngest son of Field Marshal Count Mikhail Fedotovich from his marriage to Princess Anna Pavlovna Shcherbatova, was born on December 2, 1776. favorable; father loved the younger son more, but he did not avoid severe punishments. From the age of 4, Kamensky was enlisted as a cornet in one of the cuirassier regiments, at the age of 19 he was already a lieutenant colonel and at the age of 21 a colonel. June 28, 1799 Kamensky was promoted to major general and appointed chief of the Arkhangelsk regiment. Then he was sent with a regiment to Italy in the army of Suvorov, where, in the midst of a difficult mountain war, he went through a harsh military school under the guidance of the great commander. Having discovered fearlessness and military abilities, Kamensky on the Devil's Bridge decided the fate of the battle with a swift attack, for which he was awarded the horde. Anna 1 st. and the praise of Suvorov, who wrote to the old man Kamensky: "Your young son is an old general." In the wars with Napoleon, in 1805-1807, Kamensky took part as a divisional general: at Austerlitz, he almost died, falling from a horse killed by a cannonball, but was saved by Zakrevsky, and for Preisisch - Eylau was awarded an horde. St. George 3rd grade In the Finnish campaign of 1808, Kamensky already commanded a corps and was the main culprit in the conquest of Finland, and an horde was awarded for the battle of Orovais. St. George 2nd class. Having earned (from Barclay de Tolly) the reputation of "the most skillful general", Kamensky on February 4, 1810 was appointed commander in chief of the Moldavian army. Trying to provide the soldier with food and free him from the petty hardships of peacetime - exercises, parades, cleaning ammunition, he at the same time inspired the commanders that "whoever finds impossibilities will be replaced by others." The arrogance and arrogance of the 54-year-old commander-in-chief greatly harmed him. The chiefs did not tolerate him as much as the soldiers idolized Kamensky, who shared all the hardships with them. On the Danube he suffered setbacks; the siege of Shumla and the assault on Ruschuk weakened his energy almost to the point of discouragement. Overly self-confident, Kamensky tried to achieve everything at once and everywhere turned out to be weaker than the enemy. In addition, he soon fell ill with a severe debilitating fever. March 12 Kamensky went to Odessa; along the way, he lost his hearing and showed signs of mental breakdown. On May 4, 1811, he died in Odessa and was buried in the village. Saburov, Oryol Province, next to his father. Gr. Kamensky was not married; they said that he was the groom of c. A. A. Orlova-Chesmenskaya, but this wedding did not take place, although the bride forever retained warm feelings for him.
Personality gr. Kamensky is not easily assessed. Fear of the father, the impersonality of the mother, a harsh upbringing, the stinginess of the old man Kamensky - all this unfavorably responded to the impressionable nature of c. N. M .: a nervous, unbalanced character appeared; kind by nature, but terribly quick-tempered, he sometimes showed cold cruelty; capable of binding those close to him, he offended people in general with suspicion and distrust and repulsed them with envy and arrogance. From about fearlessness and insane courage, he quickly moved to extreme indecision. Due to the constant tension of the nerves, he could endure the labors and hardships of the war, successes revived him, failures acted depressingly both morally and physically. People who knew Kamensky closely forgave him his shortcomings, highly valued his virtues and were deeply devoted to him - such are K. L. Bulgakov, Zakrevsky. Others, like c. P. A. Stroganov, Prince. V. S. Trubetskoy, Prince. S. G. Volkonsky, criticized him as an army commander and judged him too strictly as a person, accusing him of immense cruelty, mediocrity, shameful cowardice ... Be that as it may, gr. N. M. Kamensky was an outstanding person and had the indisputable qualities of a military general.
(From a miniature by I. Grigoriev; collection of Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich).

From history: Nikolai Mikhailovich Nolinsky (Skryabin) - a Soviet composer was born on April 24 (May 6), 1886 in the Kukarka settlement of the Nolinsky district of the Vyatka province .. now the city of Sovetsk, Kirov region. He died in Moscow on June 20, 1966. In 1910 he graduated from law Faculty of Kazan university. He studied at the regency courses at the Kazan Musical College of the RMO (violin class; he studied harmony with R. Gummert). Compositions: symphony (1941); march for brass band; for an orchestra of folk instruments - the symphony "My Motherland" (1948), fantasy, overtures, etc.; 9 strings. quartets; a cappella choirs, songs and romances to the words of Russian and Soviet poets; music for drama theater performances. From the revelations of his brother Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (Scriabin). “They offended our comrade,” V.I. told me. Muradeli, who headed the Union of Composers of Moscow, where I also worked. The name of the offended is Nikolai Mikhailovich Nolinsky.

Nolinsky is a pseudonym. In fact, he is Scriabin, like Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov. Nolinsky and Molotov are brothers. And this is the crux of the matter. When Molotov fell into the "anti-Party group" and Khrushchev removed him from all affairs, the trouble fell on our composer Nolinsky. It was completely stopped being performed in the Philharmonic and on the radio. Neither Khrennikov nor I,” Muradeli lamented, “could do nothing. The directive was then lowered from above. Nolinsky's son, Nikolai Samarin, was recalled from the diplomatic service. He turned out to be unemployed ... In short, the destruction of the family associated with Molotov ... And now, - V.I. Muradeli, - when Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev corrects the mistakes of Khrushchev, who "broken wood", it is important to help Nolinsky restore his rights. I was told,” Muradeli continued, “that for the 80th birthday of Nikolai Mikhailovich Nolinsky, All-Union Radio was recommended to make a concert from the works of the hero of the day, and it was proposed to prepare a script for the concert with detailed explanations about the music, we, the Union of Composers. I entrust this to you, Vladimir. We must act immediately. Call Nolinsky's son today. Anniversary is on the way!

Nolinsky's son, Nikolai Samarin, a gifted journalist and translator, an interesting interlocutor, brought me up to date, gave me my father's notes and notes. And here I am next to Molotov's brother in his Moscow apartment on Khokhlovsky Lane. Nikolai Mikhailovich is seriously ill. He sits in an armchair and inconsistently, swallowing pills, stopping every two words, says: - Earlier, when Molotov was in power, all my colleagues - composers, famous performers (even Sergey Yakovlevich Lemeshev himself) greeted me a mile away, willingly sang , played my works. They thought that I influence the receipt of Stalin's prizes? Funny... Sad... No one suspected that Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov and I had not seen each other for years. He is somewhere up there, in the clouds, at Stalin's, and here I am, at Khrennikov's, crawling on the sinful earth. Once upon a time, in my youth, my brother and I seemed to be close. They lived under the same roof. In Vyatka. We had our own family quartet. String. Quartet of four brothers! Vyacheslav Mikhailovich was our violist. We played almost all the quartets of Haydn and Beethoven. Maybe that's why I myself write quartets all the time. In addition, he became interested in painting, painted avidly. Vyatka forests painted. See? All the walls are hung with my landscapes. Yes, and in my music I have landscapes. In songs, too. To the words of his son, Nikolai Samarin ... Health is failing me. I made a promise to myself that I would still write a quartet before my anniversary...

Listening to Nikolai Mikhailovich, I felt deep sympathy for him. His music was really picturesque, reminiscent of Rimsky-Korsakov, something of Tchaikovsky, there was, at times, a lot of childish naivety in it ...

“You can't imagine how excited your father is about the upcoming radio show! N. Samarin told me.

- The closer the anniversary, the more excitement.

Samarin called every day.

- Father really wants to see you, Volodya, at his anniversary. June twenty second. Will you come?

I promised that I would come. On June 21, early in the morning, the phone rang and sobbing, shocked, Nikolai Samarin barely uttered into the phone: “Volodya! Dad... My... dad... died."

... Molotov came to his brother's funeral, with his wife and daughter. Kind face P.S. Zhemchuzhina - Molotov's wife - reminded me of my own aunt. And Vyacheslav Mikhailovich himself, familiar from childhood from portraits, seemed to have stepped off the wall and become a reality. Incredible! And how much he, Molotov, looks like Nikolai Mikhailovich! Only his pince-nez distinguishes him...

I caught myself on the fact that communication with the old man Nolinsky, albeit a short one, left a deep mark, and now I involuntarily wanted to transfer the tone of sympathy to the composer's brother ... During the burial of Nolinsky, two of his sons were killed from grief. In the full sense of the word, they were killed. And everyone was crying. Men too. Except… Molotov. The training of the "solid Iskra-ist?" He looked like a statue. On the forehead is a fossil. About his brother, he dryly said only one traditional phrase: "Let the earth rest in peace to him." Molotov, as it were, confirmed: “If you put a weeping Bolshevik in the museum, rotozei would stick out in the museum all day ...” Iron Man, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich. Iron…

Instead of the anniversary, on June 22, 1966, a commemoration was celebrated in Nolinsky's apartment. Vano Ilyich Muradeli led the table.

“I raise my glass,” he said in his usual style, “to triumphal procession Nolinsky's music! We, Soviet people, need such music! And it deserves no less distribution than the music of Shostakovich! The relatives of the deceased greeted these words with stormy approval. But Molotov did not seem to react at all to what was said. However, during a break, “between hot and sweet”, when the guests scattered around the apartment, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, turning to Muradeli, burst into a tirade:

- Nolinsky has one advantage compared to Shostakovich: he is understandable to the people. And Shostakovich, not so much. Talented? Yes. Interested? For the elite. I myself, - continued Molotov, would be happy to play Shostakovich's quartets. But people don't care...

Vano Ilyich was clearly embarrassed by what Molotov was saying. Moreover, both G. Vladimirov, Muradeli's assistant, and the worker of the USSR Music Fund I. Pakhomov, heard it, and I heard it too. With the enthusiasm of a born toastmaster, Muradeli said:

“In the Caucasus, in Gori, where I grew up, there was a belief: if the Gorians-Mingrelians know you, if you are popular among your brothers, you can be forgiven for everything! Forgive everyone!! Our Shostakovich is at the zenith of his glory! And no matter what we say… “We ourselves create glory for Shostakovich,” the diplomat, popular not only among the Gorians-Mingrelians, suddenly besieged the composer. So let's not talk about the glory of Shostakovich.

Flushed with embarrassment, Vano Ilyich probably already wanted to "ask for a time-out." And wanting to involve someone else in the conversation, he immediately played a scene: “And what will Vladimir Ilyich himself say? After all, he represents Soviet musicology in our country!”

I began to speak out on the topic that each listener needs to acquire "aesthetic baggage" before communicating with the art of Shostakovich. And as an exemplary example he cited V.M. Molotov, who outplayed the Western classics in the home quartet... - There is a specific question, - Molotov stopped me. Any painting by Nolinsky is like a folk song. But what about the folk songs of Shostakovich?

Muradeli didn't let me answer. And with excitement he began to convince Molotov:

- The entire symphony "1905" is based on quotations from Russian revolutionary songs! In the Finale, Varshavyanka sounds with great incendiary power! When I listen, I want to run out into the street with a red banner!

Muradeli's pathos turned out to be in vain again.

“This is a special task,” Molotov objected. 1905 is one thing, but our time is quite another. Where are folk songs in the outline of our time? Where are our street songs?

“Shostakovich's Eighth Quartet,” I said as restrainedly as possible, “is not from 1905, but it also contains the folk song Tormented by Heavy Bondage.”

- That's it! exclaimed Molotov, and his static figure suddenly perked up. Tormented by severe bondage - this is the content of all Shostakovich's symphonies, all of his music! It is not clear only who is tortured and who is tortured? (Molotov emphasized "who" and "by whom").

“During the time of the “cult of personality,” I dared to remark, “the innocent Vsevolod Emilievich Meyerhold, a friend of Shostakovich, turned out to be tortured. Talented director!

- When a new society is being built, it is quite natural that those who do not understand the new society enough can suffer. And your "innocent" director too. Great accomplishments require sacrifice. This is undeniable. And keeping a stone in your bosom is the lot of ill-wishers. “Tortured by severe bondage” in Shostakovich is an accusation. A heavy accusation. Against who? You have to guess! So the people don't want to listen to Shostakovich. So it doesn't work with the songs of our streets. Molotov spoke in the tone of a prosecutor general who brooked no objections. There was so much harshness in his timbre, so many "offensive intonations", that somehow I felt completely uneasy. Muradeli, apparently, also felt something was wrong, but, gathering his strength, he smiled. And showing me, a musicologist, how to defend the honor of the composer's workshop, he remarked:

— The Trio in memory of Sollertinsky sounds a Jewish melody taken from the street. This theme…

“Jewish is not obliged to understand everything,” Molotov interrupted the composer. Everything has its time and place.

These words of the diplomat literally hurt me. But, trying to control myself, I "calmly" said:

Today is June 22nd. Exactly 25 years ago, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, my brother Grisha and I listened to your speech on the radio, where you reported on a treacherous attack Nazi Germany: “Our cause is just. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours". The trio of Shostakovich, which Vano Ilyich mentioned - as if about my dead, torn to pieces relatives. This is also the price of victory. And in the Jewish "dance of death" by Shostakovich...

“Hitler wanted to liquidate not only the Jews,” Molotov cut me off, “but also the Gypsies and Slavs. He had a big program. The tone in which the "big program" was spoken of was discouraging insensitivity. I broke off… But Muradeli did not give up. As it seemed to him, he found a "killer argument" in favor of Shostakovich:

- Do you know, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, what a modern and truly folk quotation Shostakovich has, or rather, has become popular?

— What is it? Molotov asked soundlessly. And his eyes went completely blank.

- This is a popular saying from your speech, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich: "In our age, all roads lead to communism!"

“Song of Peace to Dolmatovsky’s verses,” Molotov stated unperturbed. There my phrase is on the periphery. The main thing there is the common slogan “Peace will win the war!” And is it a street song? The song of the street, as has already been said, should ignite, and Shostakovich has a lot of narrative. So it doesn't work with street songs. But “tortured by severe bondage” is strong. But who needs it? The naked truth is not yet realism. The naked truth must be corrected. In the right direction for society...

The painful pause was broken by Vano Ilyich, deliberately stretching out (as if in a sing-song voice) the standard postulate of Soviet aesthetics: “Of course, one should not savor the tragedy!” And then, continuing to “discharge the atmosphere”, he suddenly “modulated” theatrically on me: “Am I right, Vladimir Ilyich? As for not savoring tragedy, am I right?” Irony was evident in Vano Ilyich's voice. Having caught this tonality, Molotov instantly removed it:

“Don't joke about the tragedy. We're only talking about music. What should she be? Everything is said in the Resolution of the Central Committee.

This time, Molotov's words severely burned Vano Ilyich, who, in his own way, also survived a lot from the publication of the vicious party document "On the Muradeli Opera."

“Let's dot the i's,” Vano Ilyich's voice rasped metallically. If we have in mind the Decree of the Central Committee of 48 on music, then it was revised after all.

“Not everything that has been revised is true,” Molotov snapped in his own style. Stalin knew what he was doing!

“But Stalin arrested Polina Samuilovna, your wife! I almost screamed. Polina Samuilovna made mistakes! She had heard enough of Golda Meir,” Molotov replied calmly.

“You should have been more careful with the Israeli ambassador. ... Welcome to the table! To the table,” the female voice repeated. "Saving" voice! The conversation over tea no longer stuck. Muradeli lost his “tone”. And everyone was silent. Continuing to look at Molotov, I thought that now I perceive him in a completely different way. Curiosity has completely disappeared. I saw in front of me a faithful comrade-in-arms of Stalin, who did not betray the principles of totalitarianism in the least. I saw and spoke with one of those most terrible people of the century, whom Yevtushenko called "Stalin's heirs." But Shostakovich's life continued with these people! With these! None other than Molotov ordered the creation of "a commission to study the possibility of resuming the production of Shostakovich's opera Katerina Izmailova." And we knew that the commission, encouraged by the chief, made a negative decision, and justified this by the fact that the Pravda article “Muddle instead of music” had not lost its relevance at all. Nobody canceled the article! And who could cancel it if "Stalin's heirs" continued to be at the helm? Even the little that was revised by the new time, "Stalin's heirs" came back.

Not everything revised is true.

The naked truth must be corrected.

Jewish is not required to be understood by everyone.

The people do not want to listen to Shostakovich.

Indeed, it is easy to assume that Shostakovich was clearly annoying the "family violist". Including Jewish "fluids". Purely musical. Did the Foreign Minister "digest" them? After all, if it was said with irritation that everything Jewish is not required to be understood, then, one must think, not only music, but also surrounding speech should be cleansed of foreign impurities. It's good that Polina Semyonovna Zhemchuzhina spoke Russian without an overtly Jewish touch, only slightly betraying her genetic "I". The screaming paradox, however, is that the member of the Soviet Government did not want to put up with the Jews they met on the way.

Once, my conservative classmate Ata Lakhuti, daughter of the famous Tajik poet Abulkasim Lakhuti, a former Iranian communist revolutionary (at one time warmly supported and even favored by Stalin) told me that Molotov tried to convince her father to divorce her mother: “Why do you need a Jewish wife ? We will find a suitable match for you ... ”And this was advised by a man who himself was married to a Jewish woman. However, when Stalin informed Molotov that his wife had been convicted of political unreliability, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich immediately called Zhemchuzhina demanding an immediate divorce. Here you have - evidence of the servile loyalty of an intellectual, and at the same time object lesson strict adherence to the so-called international principles of the party. Which? Fascists? Stalinist communists?

My colleague, musicologist Lev Vasilyevich Danilevich, who at one time headed the Commission of Musical Criticism of the Union of Composers of the USSR, and before that he worked as a big boss in the All-Union Radio, testified: “Our radio broadcast about the meeting of Molotov with Ribbentrop with great pathos (an extraordinary event!), but after extraordinary and urgent information message, the schedule of regular broadcasts was restored, and the sweet announcer lyrically said: “We are transmitting Russian romances. - "The raven flies to the raven." You should have seen how this fact, which brought Molotov-Ribbentrop closer together, with the unexpected comment "crow flies to crow" amused Shostakovich. He rubbed his hands with pleasure ... "

Of course, Dmitry Dmitrievich, who personally attended receptions in the apartments of the "crow", knew well what the croaking of the Second Person in the state costs him. And the change of eras - from Stalin to Khrushchev, and then to Brezhnev - did little to change the portrait of the "faithful son of the party", an ultra-intellectual who performed musical classics!

I remembered: after all, Hitler, according to eyewitnesses, tolerably played the Overture to Wagner's Die Meistersinger on the piano. And Hitler painted pictures (in his youth he was an artist). The “Stalin’s heir”, with whom I spent several hours, was himself ready to play Shostakovich’s quartets, but the totalitarian nature of the “heir” told him that Shostakovich’s music spoke the uncorrected, pure truth about our time. The truth, which, according to the intuition of the “truth-seekers-realists”, could not even be left in the archives! And is it not because the "heirs of Stalin" the archives were incinerated?

... A good and sensitive Jewish wife, who served time in Stalin's casemates. The most intelligent brother is a touching and honest composer. Talented daughter... Interesting journalist - nephew. These people were next to Molotov. But have they changed anything in his appearance?

... The eminent English historian Alan Bullock in his book "Hitler and Stalin" informs readers that V.M. Molotov (Scriabin) was directly related to the great Russian composer Alexander Nikolaevich Scriabin. Molotov, according to Bullock, is Scriabin's nephew. But the daughter of the Great Russian composer (wife of a French publicist *)) during the Nazi occupation became an active participant in the French Resistance and, risking her life, saved Jews, secretly transporting them to neutral and quiet Switzerland. In battle, the daughter of A.N. Scriabin - Ariadne was killed by the Nazis. She was posthumously awarded the highest order of France.

Did the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR know about this? It would probably not be shameful to take an interest in these facts, even if Vyacheslav Mikhailovich would not have been a relative of the deceased heroine: after all (at worst) - we are talking about the feat of a former compatriot and namesake, the daughter of a brilliant musician, whose name is forever Russia will be proud! And what about Molotov? No one and nothing could resist the leaven of Stalin's comrade-in-arms... The irreversibility of a psychology nurtured by totalitarianism...

The past in people does not completely disappear. That is why Moses led his tormented people through the desert for forty years, a people who did not want to completely part, break forever with Egyptian slavery. Only the next generations could enter the Promised Land - those who did not live in captivity, whose spirit was free. In a sense, this wisdom also fertilized Shostakovich's creative imagination. He did not so much hate the unfortunate "adherents" of slavery as he pitied them. He also expressed sympathy for those who, ironically, were relatives of the “slave owners”. In the Union of Composers, I heard from many that Shostakovich tried to defend Nolinsky during the period of "Molotov's disgrace." Did Shostakovich study the Bible? Rather, he spontaneously followed the laws of ethics and morality proclaimed by the Book of Books ...

<= песни Николая Михайловича Нолинского (Скрябина) можно прослушать здесь.

The material was prepared by E. Ershova.

N.Obukhova Night is dark/N.Obukhova N.Nolinsky Romance

In the photo: Nikolai Mikhailovich Nolinsky (Scriabin) is a Soviet composer. Nikolai Mikhailovich is the brother of Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (Scriabin).

Nikolai Mikhailovich (Nikolai, N., N.M.), 1859-1919, Grand Duke, eldest son of Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich, adjutant general, infantry general, historian, director of the Russian Museum (Alexander III) in St. Petersburg. Freemason, member of the secret French society Bixio. Killed by the Bolsheviks in the Peter and Paul Fortress.

Shared the views of the Duma majority

Nikolai Mikhailovich, Grand Duke (April 14, 1859 - January 24, 1919). Grandson Nicholas , son led. book. Mikhail Nikolaevich . The largest landowner (in 1912, the Grushevskoye estate in 75,066 dessiatines and Borjomi in 69,513 dessiatines). Received home education; passed the exam for the full course of the classical gymnasium. He received his first officer rank in 1875. From 1877, with the rank of staff captain, he was seconded to the variable composition of the Caucasian training company, from 1879 to the 2nd Caucasian rifle battalion. From 1881 in the Life Guards. Grenadier Regiment. In 1882-1885 he studied at the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff. From 1885 - in Her Majesty's Cavalier Guard Regiment. On February 13, 1892, chairman of the Russian Geographical Society. In 1897-1903 commander of the Caucasian Grenadier Division. Adjutant General (1903). After 1903, he actually left the military service (formally in it; from 1913 - General of the Infantry), concentrating on scientific activities. The author of scientific works on the history of Russia at the beginning of the 19th century:, initiated the publication of a series of necropolises (Moscow necropolis. M., 1907-1908. Vol. 1-3; St. Petersburg necropolis. M., 1912-1913. Vol. 1-4; Russian provincial necropolis. M., 1914. Vol. 1), historical portraits (Russian portraits of the XVIII and XIX centuries. St. Petersburg, 1905-1909. Vol. 1-5). Chairman of the Russian Historical Society (since January 18, 1910). In 1915, by decision of the Council of Moscow University, he received a doctorate in Russian history honoris causa. During World War II - inspector general of the cavalry. He shared the views of the opposition Duma majority on the situation in the country. As an active participant in the so-called Great Fronde, on December 31, 1916, he received an order from Nicholas II to leave for his estate Grushevka, which he executed on January 1, 1917. Returning to the capital on March 1, he immediately recognized the authority of the Provisional Government. After the October Revolution he was exiled to Vologda; On July 1, 1918, he was arrested, transported to Petrograd and kept in the House of Preliminary Detention. He was shot in the “order of the red terror” as a “response” to the murder in Germany of R. Luxemburg and K. Liebknecht.

Left fragmentary memories: Notes // The death of the monarchy / Comp. A. Lieberman, S. Shokarev. M., 2000. S. 9-80.

Used materials of the bibliographic dictionary in the book: Ya.V. Glinka, Eleven years in the State Duma. 1906-1917. Diary and memoirs. M., 2001.

eyewitness account

Nikolay Mikhailovich. Quite handsome and very intelligent, he was a hardened intriguer. He began military service in the Horse Guards, but left because military duties prevented him from devoting all his time to historical research, for which he had a taste and outstanding ability. He always criticized everyone, but he never did anything himself. He often wrote to the king; it is clear from his letters that he knew how to please the sovereign and make him laugh, but it would be in vain to look for any practical ideas in these letters.
When the tsar left for the front, Nikolai Mikhailovich remained in Petrograd. In the club, where he was always in the center of attention, his caustic remarks, which overthrew everything that was possible, did great harm to the autocracy. Criticism emanating from higher spheres infected everyone with its poison and destroyed the moral authority of the sovereign. The Empress hated him to the core. It was Nikolai Mikhailovich who initiated the writing of a collective message to the tsar (immediately after the assassination of Rasputin), which finally quarreled with the tsar and his relatives.

Quoted from the book: Mosolov A.A. At the court of the last king. Memoirs of the head of the palace office. 1900-1916. M., 2006.

The look of a sibling

My older brother Nikolai Mikhailovich was undoubtedly the most "radical" and most gifted member of our family. His mother dreamed of his brilliant military career, and in order to please her, brother Nikolai graduated from a military school with honors. However, his true vocation was in abstract historical research. He served in the Cavalier Guard Regiment only because of his friendly relations with Empress Maria Feodorovna (my mother-in-law) and bore the rank of commander of this regiment. In terms of mental development, he was so much higher than his fellow soldiers that this deprived him of any pleasure from communicating with them.

Gradually, he distanced himself from ties with the military world and spent all his time in the historical archives of St. Petersburg and Paris. His monumental biography of Alexander I, written after many years of collecting materials and verifying dates, will remain unsurpassed in historical Russian literature. Not a single student of the early twentieth century could not have known the analysis of events and the review of the period described by Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich. The book, which was translated into French, caused a sensation among the French Napoleonists, forcing them to revise, correct and even recompose a number of historical works.

The French Academy elected him as a member, an honor almost never accorded to foreigners, and he was always showered with invitations to lecture in French historical societies. A deep knowledge of French culture and a mature understanding of Western civilization helped him to strike up friendships with many prominent French writers and scientists. He felt at home in Paris, although most Parisians were surprised to see that the Grand Duke preferred to take his way towards the Collège de France, rather than towards Montmartre, and his modest habit of living in the old Vendome hotel forced maître d's and owners hotels to express fears that the affairs of the Grand Duke were shaken.

Nikolai Mikhailovich, apparently, was definitely unpleasant to explain much of what was happening in Russia to his friends at the College de France and in the Chamber of Deputies. I cannot say that I fully agree with his "Frenchized" political sympathies. Being an ardent admirer of the parliamentary system and a convinced admirer of the verbal duels of Clemenceau - Jaurès, he did not want to allow the creation of a constitutional system in Russia on the model of the Third French Republic to end in complete failure. The truth was that he was not born in the country where he should have been born. The guards gave him the nickname "Philippe Egalite", but the authors of this nickname did not suspect that their royal brother-soldier went much further in his democracy than the brother of the French king, who dreamed of using the revolution as a springboard to achieve his own ambitious plans.

My brother Nikolai possessed all the qualities of the most loyal president of a civilized republic, and this made him often forget that Nevsky Prospekt and the Champs Elysees were far from being the same thing. A lengthy letter addressed to the Emperor in July 1916 contained several paragraphs written in French. “Dear Niki,” Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich explained in a postscript, “forgive me for my French speech, but it seems to me that in this language I find more successful expressions to express my thoughts ...” A brilliant stylist who had a talent for artistic prose, he probably realized that his "gallicized thoughts" would sound in Russian at least strange.

Pushkin's epigram dedicated to Chaadaev could easily be applied to my elder brother:

He is born by the highest will of heaven in the trenches of the royal service; He would be Brutus in Rome, Pericles in Athens, And here he is a hussar officer.

I don't know of anyone else who could more successfully carry out the duties of the Russian ambassador to France or to Great Britain. His clear mind, European views, innate nobility, his understanding of the worldview of foreigners, broad tolerance and sincere peacefulness would have won him love and respect in any world capital. The constant envy and stupid prejudices of the court did not allow him to occupy a prominent position in the ranks of Russian diplomacy, and instead of helping Russia in the field in which she most needed his help, he was doomed to inaction by people who could not forgive him abilities, his contempt for their ignorance. From this point of view, his life was lived uselessly.

At an early age he fell in love with Princess Victoria of Baden, the daughter of our uncle, the Grand Duke of Baden. This unhappy love broke his heart, as the Orthodox Church did not allow marriages between cousins ​​and sisters. She married the future Swedish king Gustavus Adolf, who remained a bachelor all his life and lived in his vast palace, surrounded by books, manuscripts and botanical collections.

Alexander I and the secret of Fyodor Kozmich Kudryashov Konstantin Vasilyevich

Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich. The legend of the death of Emperor Alexander I in Siberia in the image of the elder Fyodor Kozmich

In a country like Russia, since ancient times, the people have often succumbed to the most absurd rumors, incredible stories, and had a tendency to give faith to everything supernatural. One has only to recall the appearance of impostors during the time of Boris Godunov, the famous False Dmitry I in Moscow and False Dmitry II in Tushino; Stenki Razin - in the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, and finally, Emelyan Pugachev - under Catherine II, to make sure that the masses of the people believe in the most crude manifestations of the imagination of bold adventurers. This was usually facilitated by the sudden death of the heir to the throne, or the monarch himself, as was the case with the murder of Tsarevich Dmitry, the execution of Alexei Petrovich and the violent death of Peter III.

When Emperor Alexander I died in Taganrog on November 19, 1825, after a short illness, rumors that the sovereign had retired to an unknown monastery immediately spread among the people; These rumors also circulated around Moscow, as evidenced by various contemporaries, such as the Bulgakov brothers and others. The then engines of the revolutionary movement in Russia, that is, the future Decembrists, the spread of such rumors and rumors was on hand to maintain unrest in the lower classes of the people, and the end of the twenties, that is, the beginning of the reign of Emperor Nicholas I, can be considered a time when legendary legends did not only about Alexander I, but also about Empress Elizaveta Alekseevna reached the greatest intensity. Then, in subsequent years, all this fell silent, and no one was interested in the legend of the disappearance of Emperor Alexander I.

At the end of the 60s, I think in 1866, a merchant from Tomsk, Khromov, appeared in St. Petersburg, who allegedly brought some papers to Emperor Alexander II from the deceased pious elder Fyodor Kozmich, who lived in a house that belonged to Khromov. They said that they took Khromov's papers, put him temporarily in the Peter and Paul Fortress, and then released him, allowing him to go back to Tomsk, but on condition that he kept his mouth shut. With the most careful check, it turned out that there was no Khromov in the lists of people who had ever been in the Peter and Paul Fortress; that in the files of the Third Division there were no traces left either about Khromov or about the transferred papers; finally, according to the inquiries made by the descendants of Khromov, nothing of the kind was confirmed, except for the very fact of his trip to Petersburg. At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Alexander III, the merchant Khromov was again in St. Petersburg, appealed to their majesties and brought some little things that supposedly belonged to the elder Fyodor Kozmich, which he handed over or sent to the emperor. The fact of Khromov's arrival in Petersburg is true, the submission of petitions is also true, but the things are again invented, just a photographic card of the elder Fyodor Kozmich was attached to the petition.

Finally, in 1897 and 1898, four volumes of The History of the Reign of Emperor Alexander I by N.K. Schilder appeared in print, where the entire legend about Fyodor Kozmich is told in detail and transparent hints are made that the author himself fully admits the incredible legend. For clarity, I quote the final words of N.K. Schilder in Volume IV: “If fantastic conjectures and folk legends could be based on positive data and transferred to real soil, then the reality established in this way would leave behind the most daring poetic fictions; in any case, such a life could serve as a canvas for an inimitable drama, with a stunning epilogue, the main motive of which would be redemption. In this new image, created by folk art, Emperor Alexander Pavlovich, this "sphinx, not unraveled to the grave", no doubt, would have presented himself as the most tragic face of Russian history, and his thorny life path would have been covered with an unprecedented afterlife apotheosis, overshadowed by the rays of holiness.

On such a conclusion to a vast and serious work, what is the historical study of Schilder, comments are superfluous. I personally briefly knew and deeply respected Nikolai Karlovich Schilder, I am convinced of the complete sincerity of his views, but it always seemed to me incomprehensible how, in serious historical work, one can get carried away in order to finish his capital work with the above words, which can only support doubts and embarrass the educated public. In support of the fact that my opinion is not unfounded, I will point out the appearance of a number of brochures and books on the subject of the Siberian elder, which appeared in the period from 1891 to 1901, both in Russia and in Siberia. Having taken up this mysterious question from the same time, I had to convince myself more than once in the places of my research what, on the one hand, complete ignorance can do, and on the other, blind fear of some kind of responsibility. It turns out that the appearance of pamphlets about the Siberian Elder Fyodor Kozmich attracted the attention of the Chief Prosecutor of the Holy Synod, K.P. So, in one of the monasteries, not far from Pskov, a monk came to me, promising to show me something interesting if I didn’t hand him over to the Chief Procurator of the Synod. What turned out? He kept a full-length portrait of Fyodor Kozmich, in oils, an exact copy of a famous photograph, and this portrait was hidden in some closet! Another time, one of the bishops in Novgorod told me personally some episodes from his life, in connection with the legend of the old man, but asked me not to extradite him in order to avoid trouble with his higher authorities. This bishop subsequently died in the rank of metropolitan.

I was helped in my research on the question of Fyodor Kozmich by a young man, Nikolai Apollonovich Lashkov, a former official for special assignments under the Novgorod governor, Count Medem. I sent Lashkov twice at my expense to Siberia, where he made the most detailed inquiries on the ground and compiled a very interesting report on all the legends, gossip, stories, anecdotes about Elder Fyodor Kozmich that he heard during his journey. In addition, on my instructions, Lashkov visited a lot of monasteries in various parts of Russia to clarify the same question. He met with many difficulties, and mainly from the clergy, who either did not trust his authority given by me, or feared trouble for themselves when he examined various archives, especially monastic ones.

What is known so far about the elder Fyodor Kozmich? What is reliable? What should be discarded in the area of ​​legends?

The elder appeared in Siberia in 1837, lived in various places, leading a hermit life everywhere, enjoying the universal respect of the surrounding population and not revealing his identity to anyone. He was visited more than once by clerics, local bishops and casual travelers, especially after his final relocation to Tomsk.

In 1859, at the invitation of the Tomsk merchant Semyon Feofanovich Khromov, Elder Fyodor Kozmich moved to live with him, having a separate, modest cell, where he died on January 20, 1864, at a ripe old age. In the fence of the Tomsk Alekseevsky monastery, until recently, the grave of an elder was visible, quite modest, with an ordinary cross on which the following inscription was made: “The body of the Great Blessed Elder, Fyodor Kozmich, who died in Tomsk on January 20, 1864, is buried here.” The grave is highly respected by the devout sections of society in the city of Tomsk, and it has also been visited by travelers for many years. Of the well-known persons, this grave was visited by the now prosperously reigning sovereign, while still heir, during his trip to Siberia, and earlier by Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich and member of the State Council Galkin-Vraskoy, who renewed the elder’s grave, arranging a kind of chapel on it.

In addition to the late N.K. Schilder, who mentioned (in the 4th volume of his work) the story of two exiled court servants who allegedly recognized the sovereign Alexander Pavlovich in the person of the elder, the same episode is found in brochures about Fyodor Kozmich with others like that, messages; about the similarity of the elder with Emperor Alexander I, Schilder, however, himself says (p. 447, vol. IV):

"The elder's face resembles somewhat the features of Emperor Alexander Pavlovich."

Of course, such notes, both in brochures about Fyodor Kozmich and in the history of Alexander I Schilder, should leave an impression, but nevertheless, all these are only poetic reflections of a legend that is very tempting, but has no basis. So, for example, among the things left in the elder’s cell is the icon of the Pochaev Mother of God in Miracles with the initials “A”, barely noticeable, but which were given special significance; the icon itself is very damaged, part of it is missing, and, obviously, it has been damaged from time to time. Of the elder’s belongings, the following remained in the cell: a black cloth caftan, a wooden staff, sheep wool stockings, leather shoes, two pairs of black suede mittens, and a black woolen belt with an iron buckle. Everything else in the cell is of the latest origin, especially the mass of icons donated by various persons, as well as two portraits of Emperor Alexander I, one in coronation vestments, bought by Khromov in St. here, in the cell, hanged.

The merchant Khromov knew, of course, what he was doing, having placed such a portrait in the cell of the elder after his famous trip to Petersburg, and his heirs would be glad to intrigue the public in one way or another and even made tacit proposals for the acquisition of Fyodor Kozmich’s cell by high-ranking officials. Perhaps the following handwritten remnants from the elder deserve some attention: 1) two leaves in the form of a ribbon, on which (on both sides) there are separate words, fragments of sayings, letters, numbers and 1837 with the date March 26, as if written by Fedor himself Kozmich, which is quite possible; 2) an envelope with the inscription: “To the Gracious Sovereign Semion Feofanovich Khromov from Feodor Kozmich” and 3) a copy of the note left by the elder Fyodor Kozmich dated June 2, 1849. All these three documents are probably still in the possession of Khromov's heirs and were placed at my disposal in the originals; magnifying photographs were taken from them, which I have, and the originals were sent back to Tomsk with gratitude. The first of the three documents is called the "secret" of Fyodor Kozmich. Despite the most thorough search for the key to this note, no one has yet been able to unravel this “mystery” or decipher the text. As for the envelope, where it is clearly and in firm handwriting: “From Fyodor Kozmich”, it was handed over to the handwriting analysis specialists; all the letters on the envelope are individually enlarged and compared with another envelope written by the hand of Emperor Alexander I, but all experts unanimously recognized that there is not the slightest similarity, both in general character and in individual letters, between both handwritings. The third note is a set of sayings from the Holy Scriptures, and it is difficult to guess on what occasion it was written. Since this note is a copy and not the original, it has the least value.

These meager data exhaust almost everything that we managed to collect about the Siberian elder. The material, unfortunately, is small and does not provide any positive data to clarify his identity.

Let us now turn to the events that took place in November 1825 in Taganrog. Emperor Alexander Pavlovich fell ill on November 4 in Mariupol, returning from a trip to the Crimea, but even before that, namely in Bakhchisarai, he felt the first bouts of a malignant fever. The next day, on the 5th, the sovereign arrived in Taganrog and went to bed. Adjutant General Prince Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky, who was with the person of the sovereign, kept a detailed journal on the course of the monarch's illness, which began on November 5. This magazine is printed entirely by Schilder. The physicians Willie and Tarasov, who accompanied His Majesty, also left detailed reports on the sovereign's illness. Schilder repeatedly refers to the notes of the doctor Tarasov in his history. When Alexander I died in Taganrog on November 19, an autopsy was made of his body, which was embalmed. The autopsy protocol was signed by nine doctors, namely: life-medicine Baronet Willie, life-medicine Stofregen, doctors: Reingold, Tarasov, Dobert, Lakier, doctors: Yakovlev, Vasiliev and Aleksandrovich. Adjutant General Alexander Ivanovich Chernyshev sealed the protocol in the following terms: “I saw the signs described by doctors and was present at the autopsy of the body of His Imperial Majesty Emperor Alexander Pavlovich. Adjutant General Chernyshev. In addition, a French translation of this act was made. All these data are printed by Schilder, and if I mentioned them, it is only because our late historian attached special importance to these trifles. So, for example, the act of the death of the sovereign was signed by two adjutant generals, Baron Dibich and Prince P. M. Volkonsky, and two doctors, Willie and Stofregen, and the above protocol on the autopsy of the body was sealed only by adjutant general A. I. Chernyshev. Schilder paid special attention to this difference in the number of signatures, wondering why the autopsy report was signed only by Chernyshev. I dare to think that it was a mere accident that had no meaning. Details about the illness and death of Alexander Pavlovich can still be found in a number of writings of various personalities who were in Taganrog at that time, namely: in the letters of Dibich to Konstantin Pavlovich, Solomka to Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky, chamber-maid of honor Valueva and Princess Sofya Grigoryevna Volkonskaya to the widow Empress Maria Feodorovna; this also includes information received from the words of the valet Fedorov and the coachman Ilya: “Having left Petersburg very early, so that only the sun began to appear on the horizon, and having passed the outpost, the sovereign ordered the carriage to stop and he himself rose to his feet in a carriage, from a quarter of an hour deigned to stand and look at his capital in all directions, and, as his heart foretold, for the last time. Here, from September 1 to November 1, a dark comet was visible, the rays of which extended upward over a large space, then they noticed that it was flying, and the rays of which extended to the west; In addition, one night in October, at midnight at 2 o’clock, many residents of Taganrog saw two stars above the palace in the following order: at first they were one from the other at a long distance, then they merged, and again diverged up to three times, after this from one star a dove appeared, sat on the second star, and after a short time fell, and it was no longer visible. Then the second star gradually disappeared. - About the comet, the sovereign asked his coachman Elijah: “Have you seen the comet?” “I saw it, sir,” he replied. "Do you know what she portends?" - "Disaster and Sorrow". Then, after a pause, the sovereign deigned to conclude: "It is so pleasing to God." On the eve of His Majesty's departure for the disastrous Crimea, the sovereign deigned to write a handwritten letter to his mother. It was in the afternoon at 4 o'clock, at that time a cloud came up and it became very dark. The sovereign ordered candles to be served to the valet; meanwhile, as the sky cleared, it became still light and the sun, the valet dared to approach and report: Would you order, your majesty, to accept candles? The sovereign asked: "For what?" - "In order, sovereign, that it is not good to write in Russian with candles during the day." “Is that what it is? Tell the truth, are you sure you mean to say that when they see candles from the street, they will think that there is a dead person here? - "So, sir, according to the remark of the Russians." - "Well, when so, - said the sovereign, - then take the candles." The next day, that is, October 20, our most kind monarch deigned to go to the Crimea, the empress and Prince Volkonsky begged not to go there, but the sovereign gave his word to Count Vorontsov to be there and wished to fulfill his promise without fail, but during his time there he caught a severe cold, which he hid the most from everyone for a very long time, and on the way back, already 250 miles from Taganrog, in the city of Orekhovo, they noticed his illness, where Dr. Willie suggested that His Majesty take medicine, but the sovereign did not agree; then, having reached Mariupol, he became very ill; the chills and fever intensified, but to save his majesty it was not pleasing to take anything from Latin cuisine, as the sovereign himself called his travel pharmacy; having arrived in Taganrog on the 5th of November, the disease exerted its evil effect even more strongly; on the first evening of his arrival, when the candles were served, the sovereign deigned to recall his previous conversation with the valet, said to him: "Fedorov, I am very unwell." - "Sir, you need to use it." The sovereign answered: "No, brother, remember our previous conversation." The valet burst into tears. The sovereign, noticing this, said: “The candles that I ordered you to remove from the table do not go out of my head. This means me to die, who will stand before me. - "Your Majesty, what do you deign to say, God save us from such a misfortune," - which ended the conversation. The disease increased from time to time, and all the requests of the doctors remained in vain, but finally the sovereign, seeing his weakness, on the 18th of the same month, on Sunday, deigned to express his highest consent to the invitation of the local cathedral of the archpriest, in order to confess and partake of the Holy Mysteries of Christ.

The humility, meekness, zeal and firmness in the Christian religion, as well as the immutable hope in the mercy of God of the Emperor, were absolutely extraordinary. He told his spiritual father before confession: "Please sit down, treat me like a Christian, forget my majesty." This day, by order of the empress, the archpriest could hardly beg his majesty to start using the doctor; but this was already too late - flies, mustard and leeches were added, but all this did not produce the desired effect at all, but the monarch did not want to take any medicines into the inside. His only and everlasting denial was: "It is so pleasing to God." On the 16th, until his death, they saw only the suffering and patience of the sovereign. He could no longer speak. The initial illness of His Majesty was fainting and a heavy sleep, then the strongest fever in the whole body, which forever deprived us of a kind, meek and merciful king. The Supreme Creator reinforced the firmness and greatness of the spirit of the empress. She spent a day and a half with the emperor; an hour before his death, the sovereign, having opened his eyes and seeing the dearest empress, Baron Dibich, Prince Volkonsky and other persons standing near him, could not speak, but still had a memory; made a movement with his hand, called the empress, who approached him. The sovereign took her hand for the last time, kissed it and, pressing it to his heart, said goodbye to her forever, after which he soon gave his spirit to the Almighty in silent deep silence. Finally, at the end of her great husband’s soul, she herself deigned to close her dearest king’s eyes and, having tied her chin with a handkerchief, burst into tears, she received a severe faint. They immediately took her to another room.

Almost all of these documents agree, even in detail, on the course of the illness and on the very death of the sovereign; nowhere is there even a shadow of a hint of the possibility of the disappearance of the sick monarch or suspicion of the similarity of the late sovereign to another person, when the body of the deceased was placed in a coffin and daily rituals were performed. funeral services. Finally, there are letters from Empress Elizaveta Alekseevna to her mother, the Margravine of Baden, which tells in the most touching terms about the last days of her husband's life and the details of his death. The same information is preserved in an extract from the notes of the Empress, the original of which is in the archives of His Majesty's own library in the Winter Palace.

In addition, there are copies of two letters from an unknown person from the Shikhmatov family to his mother and brother, about the last days of the life of Emperor Alexander I, in His Majesty's own library. I quote them in full:

Ah, my dear brother and dear mother, I don’t even know where to begin about our general misfortune. You already know that our father, Sovereign Emperor, deigned to return from the Crimea, infected with a fever, which turned into a putrid and bilious fever, which was hidden from us until the 15th, but as I already wrote to you, we learned about this by chance, which could not be hidden from the whole city, at that moment all the people rushed to the churches to ask God with tears for the salvation of our king, and it seems that our sinful prayers were heard! During the mass itself, our father came to his senses, who had been speechless for a whole day and languished in the arms of the empress, but opened his eyes, took the hand of the empress, kissed her and said to her: “You are very tired,” ordered himself to be seated and five minutes sat, ordered to make soup from pearl barley, looked out the window, said: “What a beautiful day” - and lay down, and until eight o’clock in the evening he was very good, ate soup, - immense joy spilled over the whole city ... 18 - and imagine our horror, this morning Prince Volkonsky sent to my son-in-law to ask him to prepare his house in case of general misfortune for the empress, whom they had to transport to us; but God is merciful, He raises the dead, and our father and sovereign still exists; we hope that he will be saved by the universal tears and prayers that continue here day and night. This very minute my woman came from the palace to tell us that, glory to the Almighty, our Sovereign Emperor has become better, and now they have taken the local head doctor Alexandrovich, whom my son-in-law suggested, for he has been using my house for twenty years, and especially the fever in a miraculous way heals; and court physicians should be hanged for allowing fever to combine with fever, although they justify themselves that the sovereign did not want to take any medicine; but they are to blame for the fact that they hid it from the public, who, of course, would have rushed with all the people to his windows and begged him to be treated, to which he would have truly agreed. Now only all hope and hope is in God, who strengthens our mother, the Empress. She does not leave the bed of her beloved husband. They pay by mutual care of each other. When the sovereign deigned to come here, his first concerns were to arrange the palace as calmly as possible for the empress, and he did not leave a single corner without his own review, so that there would be no wind anywhere, and that all benefits would be observed for her peace. Finally, upon her arrival here, he was inseparable from her. The day began with the fact that they would report to him: “The Empress woke up,” he would order tea to be served to her; takes a bite - they report to him; deigns to go for a walk - they will report to him; will return - also; and it was like a wound clock that he watched all her movements, and with that care and caresses her health was strengthened from day to day; but we are afraid that it will upset itself again. This is how we pay for the Crimean voyage, against which the whole court was against. But who dared to stop him? One empress asked him to leave until spring. But he said: "Be calm, I'll just take a look at that edge and soon I'll be back." And there they took advantage of that opportunity, offered him to buy the estate of Count Kushelev, who was illuminated by mountains, gorges and presented to him in a charming form, where they drank his health, and he stood without a hat in the most cruel wind for more than half an hour; the next day I rode more than 80 miles, the day was hot, the wind was terrible and the night was very cold. This is the consequence of his illness, then how could he not have been warned by that person who knows that climate, that various fevers always rage there, and now the most evil ones; this is how they sacrificed it solely in order to draw all the royal attention to that region, and deprive all of Russia of a merciful sovereign, whom only forces have been fighting death for several days now. Now they came to say that at midnight, at 12 o'clock, it became very bad again and he was suffering. Merciful God, support the queen, - and I'm losing strength! - on the 19th, at 11 o'clock. We no longer have our father, and we, unfortunate, must tell you our heartfelt grief. Ah, this unfortunate moment decided the fate of Russia.

Dear brother, I have nothing to say to your consolation. Now there are only tears and sighs about the loss of our father, the sovereign, in whom, according to anatomy, three ounces of water were found in his head on the brain; but his insides were so healthy that he should have lived a hundred years. Here are the consequences of the Crimean voyage, about which I already wrote to you, that he stood in an open place without a hat for more than half an hour, where it was a hot day and a piercing wind, from which he got an evil fever, which combined with a fever, and finally the whole cold stopped in his head , which ended his invaluable days for all of Russia. We are now lamenting why his illness was hidden from us until the moment when we had already lost hope in him, and why we did not invite local doctors who know the nature of the Crimean fever. Apparently, the court physicians were afraid of losing fame and therefore hid from the public the position of our father and sovereign, even from all those around him, whom we saw every day; and they told us that, thank God, the sovereign is better, only there is still a fever: Loginov told me this on Saturday evening, and on Sunday night the sovereign was communed, and already his suffering continued with various changes until Thursday, that is, until 19 th number. Until now, the merciful God strengthens the Empress, who was asked to move to our house, to which she did not want to agree and told Prince Volkonsky: “I am sure that you share my misfortune with me, but do you really think that one crown tied me to my husband? I ask you not to separate me from him as long as there is a possibility, ”after which no one dared to ask her, and she remained all day alone in her rooms, and went incessantly to the body without witnesses; and when he died, she herself tied up his cheeks with a handkerchief, closed her eyes, crossed herself, kissed him, wept, then got up, looked at the image and said: “Lord, forgive my sin, it was Your pleasure to deprive me of it,” and went to her rooms where she had already given free rein to her tears. The next day, the prince again asked her to move to our house, although for a few days, to which she agreed, and already the 4th day with us; but she deigns to go every day to the body and is completely inconsolable. Support her, merciful God!

There is also the most detailed information about the embalming of the body of Emperor Alexander I. They are extracted from the memoirs of Nikolai Ignatievich Shenig (died in 1860), who was under Count Dibich, which were placed in the Russian Archive in 1880 (III, pp. 267-326 ). These notes are replete with interesting details about the sovereign's stay in Taganrog in 1825.

Meanwhile, lovers of the legend made assumptions that the sovereign, being sick, disappeared a few days before his death, that another person was put in the coffin instead of him (this person was even called by his last name), assured that the empress was not present at his death and did not see him even dead; they forgot that there are engravings, lithographs and bone-carved paintings depicting the last minutes of the life of Emperor Alexander I, on which portraits of all persons are visible, with Empress Elizaveta Alekseevna at the head, crying during the last minutes of his life. If we allow the slightest plausibility of these assumptions, then we still have to reckon with the facts of putting them into practice, purely from the practical side. The sovereign, having decided on such a disappearance, had to have accomplices, several or at least one, either from among those close to him, or from the side of the empress, or from among his servants, or, finally, from among his doctors.

Who were those who were around Alexander Pavlovich in Taganrog in November 1825? First of all, his wife, Empress Elizaveta Alekseevna, for whom the trip to the south of Russia was undertaken, due to the precarious health of Her Majesty. As you know, the Empress soon also died, on her way back to St. Petersburg, in the small town of Belev, on May 3, 1826. Among the prominent associates in Taganrog were: the Chief of the General Staff, Adjutant General Dibich, Adjutant General Prince P. M. Volkonsky, a faithful companion of the sovereign throughout all the days of his reign, Adjutant General A. I. Chernyshev, who also enjoyed the trust of Alexander Pavlovich for a long time. Of the doctors there were: the life physician Willie, Dr. Tarasov and the life physician of Her Majesty Stofregen. The emperor was also accompanied by the Wagenmeister Colonel Solomka, the valet Anisimov, the valet Fedorov, the life coachman Ilya Baikov and other lower court employees. When the Empress was chamber-maid of honor E. P. Valuev, as well as Princess Sofya Grigoryevna Volkonskaya, wife of Prince Peter Mikhailovich.

If the idea came to the sovereign to hide unnoticed, he would have to enter into an agreement with one of the above-mentioned persons, and besides, he would also take care of finding a dead person who could replace him in the coffin. No matter how fantastic such an idea would be, but the first part of it, that is, the disappearance, can be admissible in practice if the accomplices of such a drama unconditionally protect the secret; As for the execution of the second part of an incredibly difficult undertaking, that is, the replacement of the sovereign by some suitable deceased, it seems to us that, attaching importance to this issue, we would invade the realm of simply fabulous fairy tales. Nevertheless, there were people who hinted who exactly should be looked for in this role of deputy in the coffin of the reigning emperor.

The fact is that on November 3, 1825, returning to Taganrog from the Crimea, the sick sovereign met, before reaching Orekhov, who was traveling from St. Petersburg with papers, courier Maskov; accepting the papers, Alexander Pavlovich ordered the courier to follow him in the direction of Taganrog. Due to the negligence of the coachman, Maskov was thrown out of the crossbar at some sharp turn and, hitting a stone, died immediately ...

During my conversations with the late Nikolai Karlovich Schilder, he repeatedly dwelled on this case. After a series of efforts to find one of the descendants of the assassinated courier Maskov, Schilder managed to get on the trail of a certain Apollon Apollonovich Kurbatov, a professor of chemistry at the Technological Institute. I personally invited the professor to my place, and this is what he gave me in 1902, shortly after the death of Schilder himself. A. A. Kurbatov was the maternal grandson of the courier Maskov, and in their family there was not the conviction, not the assumption that their grandfather Maskov was buried in the cathedral of the Peter and Paul Fortress instead of Emperor Alexander I, that this was a tradition to him, the professor, it is also known that the children of Maskov admitted the possibility of such a legend. Unfortunately, all the children of Maskov died long ago, there were five of them, two sons and three daughters, and the father of A. A. Kurbatov, Apollon Mitrofanovich, who died in 1857, and his wife, Alexandra Nikolaevna, born Maskova, were also no longer alive, who died in the 90s. Professor A. A. Kurbatov himself (already an elderly man at that time) died in 1903. I managed to find other descendants of both the sons of Maskov and the rest of his daughters.

In any case, it is curious that such a tradition could exist at all and, according to Professor Kurbatov, it was kept secret in their family and, for obvious reasons, was avoided to be made public. In the Moscow Lefortovo archive, I found not only Maskov's official list, but also a detailed report from Captain Mikhailov to the commander of the courier corps, Major Vasiliev, written on November 6, 1825 from Taganrog. It is similar to Schilder’s story and Tarasov’s description, but in addition, the exact place where the courier Maskov is buried is indicated, namely in the village where the misfortune happened to him: was sent by order of the Chief of Staff, His Excellency Adjutant General Dibich from the city of Orekhovo. The Maskov family was granted, by the highest command, the full maintenance that they received during their lifetime, and, in addition, the amount was released several times to pay off debts, and the youngest daughter Alexandra (later Kurbatov) was assigned to state maintenance in the petty-bourgeois school of noble maidens.

Consequently, there is no doubt that the body of the deceased courier Maskov was buried the next day after the incident, that is, November 4, fifteen days before the death of the sovereign. It remains only to rejoice that it is possible to document the entire inconsistency of this legend with respect to Maskov. They also spoke of some soldier of the Semyonovsky regiment, who had a great resemblance to Alexander Pavlovich, who was personally known to the emperor and who allegedly was or was sent to Taganrog. There is no positive evidence for this circumstance.

Continuing my research, I turn to the further fate of the remains of Alexander I along the way from Taganrog to St. Petersburg. Accompanying the body of the deceased emperor was entrusted to the Adjutant General Count Vas. You. Orlov-Denisov, together with other members of the sovereign's retinue, who were assigned to watch at the coffin along the path of the sad procession. I will quote in full two reports from Count Orlov-Denisov dated February 6 and 7, 1826, addressed to Baron Dibich, Chief of His Majesty's General Staff:

I. “By the highest order, dated February 2, for No. 196, Your Excellency deigned to forward to me the opinion presented by the chief medical inspector in the army, life physician Willie, regarding the lead coffin containing the body of blessed memory of Emperor Alexander Pavlovich. Having assumed a high and sacred duty for me to accompany the priceless remains of the sovereign emperor, who is resting in Bose, I made it my main duty to vigilantly care for their storage, both during the procession itself and at lodging and day camps. From the instruction attached to this in a copy of the instruction to the adjutant wing on duty at the coffin, your excellency, please see my orders on this subject; moreover, being with a sad retinue medical surgeon nadv. owls. Tarasov was instructed by me to strictly observe the proper temperature at the coffin, who, following without interruption during the procession at it, at overnight stays and days with great accuracy, monitors the contents of the coffin, as much as possible, at the lowest temperature. Regarding the inspection of the coffin and the position of the Emperor’s body in it, then, not daring to hitherto proceed with it until I receive the highest will, I will not fail now to do this after my speech from Moscow at a new convenient opportunity for that during an overnight stay, trying to do this, as much as possible, more secluded and more cautious, I will not fail to inform Your Excellency in detail about what follows.

(Sent with the adjutant wing, Count Stroganov).

II. “After a successful speech from Moscow, at the second overnight stay in the village of Chashoshkovo, on February 7, at 7 o’clock in the afternoon, after the removal of all outsiders from the church, adjutant generals: Count Osterman-Tolstoy, Borozdin and Sipyagin and myself, adjutant wing colonels: German , Shkurin, Kokoshkin, Count Zalutsky and captain Plautin, also guard colonels, cavalry guard Arapov, Solomka, and medical surgeon Tarasov, to verify the position of the body of Emperor Alexander, who was resting in Bose, an opening of the lead coffin was undertaken, and, after a thorough examination of it, it turned out the following : after removing the wooden lid, the lid of the lead coffin was in its place and in perfect safety, except for only the corner of the right side near the head, which went down one line, in the same place the end of the iron rod, which served as a support for the lead lid, slightly lagged behind your place. When we lifted the lead cover with the utmost care, the position of the body itself in the coffin appeared to us in perfect order and safety, so that there was not the slightest change in its packing on the journey. At this autopsy, apart from a fragrant and balsamic smell, no gas was noticeable. After this, both coffins are closed by us as before. It seems that the reports of Count Orlov-Denisov to Baron Dibich are clearly written, and all those present at the opening of the coffin are also named by name. All these persons saw the body of the deceased sovereign, embalmed in a coffin, and none of them, either in posthumous notes, or in conversations and letters, doubted the features of the deceased lying before them, and two and a half months had already passed since the death of the emperor in Taganrog, and on the way, the body could easily deteriorate and change, especially with the condition of the roads at that time. But, in addition to the above evidence, there are also notes printed in Berlin by Leopold von Gerlach, who accompanied Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (the future German emperor), who arrived for representation during the funeral and was present at the opening of the coffin near Tsarskoye Selo.

It is quite understandable that close relatives, like mother and brothers, as well as Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, who often saw the late sovereign, should have found changes in the features of the deceased, which occurred both from embalming and from shaking along the way. Finally, on March 5, in Chesma, near Tsarskoye Selo, the body of the emperor was transferred from the old coffin to a new bronze coffin, again by adjutant generals, in the presence of Prince Alexander Nikolayevich Golitsyn and Prince Alexei Borisovich Kurakin. This is evidenced by Adjutant General Count Komarovsky and doctor Tarasov in their notes. In addition, twice before this, namely on the second crossing from Novgorod, in the presence of Count Arakcheev, and in Babin, not reaching Tsarskoe Selo, the coffin was opened to inspect the body of the sovereign. Schilder recounts these autopsies in detail in Volume IV of the History (see pp. 437 and 438). After all these testimonies, one can hardly still doubt the authenticity of the identity of Emperor Alexander in the coffin, especially since, I repeat, none of his contemporaries expressed doubts either during his lifetime or later in any papers on this issue. Meanwhile, reasons for this kind of doubt existed even then, and still much more than in later times. It was known that Alexander Pavlovich, leaving St. Petersburg to the south, prayed for a long time in the Kazan Cathedral, visited some monk in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, where he remained in conversation with him for a long time; that the sovereign had a premonition that he would no longer see his capital; that, leaving Petersburg, his majesty looked back several times, as if saying goodbye, and was in a gloomy, concentrated mood of spirit.

Schilder expresses himself this way about this: “Before leaving Petersburg, the sovereign stopped at the outpost, half rose in the carriage and, turning back, looked thoughtfully at the city for several minutes, as if saying goodbye to it. Whether it was that sad foreboding inspired by the meeting with the schemer, or whether it was a firm determination not to return as an emperor - who can solve this mysterious question ”(p. 354). Of course, in these words of the historian, doubt again sounds and gives the reader only a pretext for all kinds of assumptions.

There were other rumors about his imaginary desire to abdicate. These rumors had their basis, since Alexander really expressed more than once that he was tired of the burden of ruling Russia, that he needed peace. If such sayings of Alexander Pavlovich were known to his closest relatives, then they could succumb to all sorts of doubts when they learned about the unexpected death of the sovereign after a short illness in Taganrog. In reality, everything turned out quite simply and it never occurred to anyone in those days to compose fantastic conjectures. And in the personality and actions of Emperor Alexander, especially in the last years of his life, there was something to think about, and he even baffled his contemporaries more than once, before that his methods were sometimes mysterious and enigmatic. One has only to recall the acts on the issue of succession to the throne, of which the original was kept in the Assumption Cathedral, and a copy was left in the Senate. When Prince A.N. Golitsyn allowed himself to remark to the sovereign before his departure for Taganrog that it was inconvenient to leave acts that change the order of succession to the throne in the event of a long absence unpublished and what danger could arise from this in the event of a sudden misfortune, the sovereign replied: “Let's rely on this God: He will arrange everything better than us weak mortals” (Schilder, vol. IV, p. 350).

Obviously, this kind of behavior of Alexander Pavlovich amazed not only relatives and close associates, but should have given other people a reason to be surprised, and also made it possible for all sorts of rumors and rumors to arise. The archives of the office of the Military Ministry contain a collection of such rumors, in the amount of 51, recorded by a certain courtyard man Fedor Fedorov, under the title: “Moscow news or new true and false rumors, which later will be more clearly signified, which are true, and which are false, and now it’s impossible to say I can’t do some, but I decided at my leisure to describe, for a long time, unforgettable, namely 1825, from December 25th. I will cite the most characteristic of these rumors concerning Emperor Alexander, since many others date back to Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich.

“3 hearing. They killed the sovereign, cut him up and searched for his body for a long time and probably they cannot confirm whether they found his body, and it is impossible to find out, for that they made a wax mask on his face.

7 hearing. The sovereign was given such drinks, from which he fell ill and died. His whole body is so blackened that it is not good to show it. For this, they made a wax lining, and a lead coffin of 80 pounds.

9 hearing. The sovereign is alive, he was sold into foreign captivity.

10 hearing. The sovereign is alive, he went to sea in a light boat.

11 hearing. The coffin of sovereigns is being transported by coachmen, who were given 12 thousand rubles for transportation, which they find very suspicious. Shulgin, the Moscow police chief, talked about this, and Prince Golitsyn, the Moscow governor-general, is in no small doubt about this.

20 hearing. Prince Dolgorukov Yuri Vladimirovich, the elderly prince, after the blessed death of Alexander 1, did not swear allegiance to any of the new sovereigns, but first wants to see the body of the late sovereign with his own eyes in the face, then he will swear to whom he should, then the people from it expect something sad. (Prince Yur. Vl. Dolgoruky died in Moscow as a very old man, 90 years old, in 1830).

24 hearing. When the sovereign went to Taganrog, many gentlemen chased him all the way with such an intention as to kill him; two caught up in one place, but did not dare to kill. So the people conclude that the sovereign was killed in Taganrog by loyal monsters, that is, gentlemen, noble souls, the foremost scoundrels in the world.

25 hearing. Countess Orlova and the wife of Count Potemkin were flogged with whips because they made balls at which there were conspiracies in the royal family, and they could not prove it to the emperor, faithful maids of honor, ungrateful rascals.

31 rumors. During the journey through Moscow, the sovereign’s body was in Moscow from a certain village, a deacon, he also looked, and when he arrived in the village, the peasants began to ask him if they had seen the sovereign, and he replied: what kind of sovereign, this devil was being transported, and not the sovereign. Then the peasant hit him in the ear and then announced to the steward and the priest that this deacon was taken to Moscow, and the priest and the deacon too. The priest was released from Moscow and dismissed from the service, but the sexton and the deacon are still being held, and it is not known what will happen to them.

33 hearing. The tsar's coachman Ilya Baikov was poisoned with poison in a pie and they could not give him milk to drink, and the doctor who treated the late sovereign died after arriving in St. Petersburg.

34 hearing. When the deceased sovereign is brought to Petersburg and his body is placed in the aforementioned cathedral, then the entire royal family will examine, and there will be no other rank, except for the royal family, in the cathedral, and his body will be taken out of the coffin and examined by someone who should.

36 hearing. When the sovereign is brought to Petersburg, they will examine him in the presence of foreign kings and envoys.

37 hearing. The emperor himself will meet the sovereign’s body, his body, and at 30 versts the ceremony will be arranged by him himself, and his adjutant, hacked up in his place, will be brought, who told him, and then he fled and hid as far as Petersburg.

39 hearing. When the sovereign was in Taganrog, several soldiers came to that chamber and asked: “What is the sovereign doing?” They were told that the sovereign was writing; they went away. The next night the soldiers came again and asked: “What is the sovereign doing?” They were answered: "The sovereign is sleeping." On the third night they came again, asking: “What is the sovereign doing?” They were answered: "The sovereign walks around the chambers." One soldier went up to the sovereign and said to him: “Today they prepared to chop you without fail”; then the sovereign said to the soldier: “Do you want to be chopped up for me?”; to which the soldier said: "I do not want either one or the other"; the sovereign said to him: "You will be buried like me, and your whole family will be rewarded." The soldier agreed to this and put on the royal uniform, and the sovereign was let down through the window ... etc.

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Nikolai Mikhailovich Mishukov is a musician, teacher, director, Pskov composer, Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation and Honored Artist of Karelia.

Author of vocal and choral collections "I sing you, Karelia", "And the war goes further and further", "Love conversation", "On the work of Russian folk songs", "... And I grew up in the forest land", "Clouds are circling over Pokrovskaya" "and a large number of romances and songs. His choral compositions are included in the repertoire of professional and amateur creative groups.

Nikolai Mikhailovich was born on December 21, 1932 in Kirovsk (Murmansk region). In 1957 he graduated from the Petrozavodsk Musical College, in 1964 - from the Leningrad Rimsky-Korsakov Conservatory.

In 1970 N.M. Mishukov moved to Pskov, where he directed the Pskov Russian Song Choir, the student choir of the Pskov State University.

He is the author of about 500 pieces of music (choirs, romances, instrumental pieces, songs). He worked in collaboration with the Pskov poets O. Timmerman, I. Vinogradov, L. Malyakov, S. Zolottsev, V. Mukhin. In Pskov, Nikolai Mikhailovich is known and loved, his creative merits are appreciated. Repeatedly he was appointed chief conductor of the Song Festivals and concerts dedicated to the Pskov Poetry Festivals. For a number of years, N.M. Mishukov headed the Pskov branch of the All-Russian Musical Society. As a composer, for a long time he was the chairman of the creative association of amateur composers and published collections of his songs. One of them "Can't imagine Russia without Pskov" is a kind of hymn to the city. N.M. Mishukov was awarded many government and departmental awards: the anniversary medal "For Valiant Labor", "Veteran of Labour", the Order of the Badge of Honor, the badges "Excellent Worker in Public Education of the RSFSR", "For Excellent Work", "Excellent Worker in Cultural Patronage over the Village", " For achievements in amateur art. He is an honorary citizen of the city of Pskov.

Source:

Bibliography

Nikolay Mishukov. Years and creativity/ Mishukov Nikolai Mikhailovich; Skorodumov Vladimir: to the 80th anniversary of his birth: video essay / Pskov regional center of folk art; screenplay by Vladimir Skorodumov; video and photography by Vladimir Skorodumov and Vyacheslav Rakhman; the text is read by the Honored Artist of the Russian Federation Sergey Popkov. - Pskov: POCNT, 2012. - 1 video disc (10 min).- Zagl. with tit. screen.

Articles

1. Kuznetsov V.A. Honored Worker of Culture of Russia, composer, Honored Artist of Karelia Nikolai Mishukov / Kuznetsov V. A. // Kuznetsov V. A. What did they fight for? ..: satirical graphics, friendly cartoons, humor: [album]. - Pskov, 2014. - S. 86.

2. Ivanova A. Nikolai Mishukov celebrated his 80th birthday / Ivanova A. // Pskovskaya Pravda (Pskov Region). - 2012. - 26 Dec. (N 297). - S. 47. - From the photo.

December 21, 2012 marks the 80th anniversary of N. M. Mishukov, Honored Worker of Culture, member of the Union of Composers, author of the anthem of our city, honorary citizen of the city of Pskov.

3. Mishukov N.M. Master, Margarita and Russian Folk Choir: [about the creative activity of the team]: conversation from the hands. Russian folk choir, Honored. cultural worker Nikolai Mishukov / N. M. Mishukov; app. R. Romanov // Pskov province (Pskov district). - 2008. - 10 April. - S. 20.
To the 50th anniversary of the formation of the Russian Folk Choir.

4. December evenings by Nikolai Mishukov// Pskovskaya Pravda (Pskov). - 2007. - 13 Dec. - S. 13.
About the creative evenings of the composer Nikolai Mikhailovich Mishukov, timed to coincide with his 75th birthday in Pskov.

5. Arsenieva A. His Majesty Art / A. Arsenyeva // News of Pskov (Pskov). - 2005. - 14 Apr. - p. 3.
About the concert of the Russian folk choir under the direction of N.M. Mishukova, Pskov.

6. Petrova M. Pskov Olympus / M. Petrova // Time - Pskov (Pskov). - 2005. - 3 Nov. - S. 16.
About the work of the composer Nikolai Mishukov, about the choir chapel he created in PSPU, Pskov.

7. Mishukov N."Labor created people, and art - a person": [Conversation with the composer, the permanent leader of the Russian folk choir N. M. Mishukov. Photo / Zap. L. Malkova] / N. Mishukov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 2004. - May 26. - p. 8.

8. Mishukov Nikolay Mikhailovich// Best people of Russia: encyclopedia. / Ch. ed. A.V. Brui. - Moscow: Special Address, 2003. - Issue. 5. - S. 437.

9. Order of Kuopio - to the Pskov composer[To Nikolai Mikhailovich Mishukov. Photo] // Panorama 7 days. - 2003. - No. 34. - S. 17.

10. Pavlova L. Public diplomacy - the way to trust and cooperation / L. Pavlova // Sterkh. - 2003. - 20 Aug. (No. 94). - p. 8.

11. Mishukov N. M."I believe in the star that I light myself": [Conversation with the composer N. Mishukov about his work on the eve of his 70th birthday. A photo. / Interviewed by S. Andreeva] / N. M. Mishukov // News of Pskov. - 2002. - 20 Dec. - S. 5.

12. Mishukov N.M. Celebration Together "With Mishukov's Song": [Conversation with composer Nikolai Mikhailovich Mishukov about life and work in connection with the composer's 70th birthday. A photo. / Interviewed by E. Khozyainova] / N. M. Mishukov // Sterkh. - 2002. - 13 Dec. (No. 146). - S. 7.

13. [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation: On awarding the Pushkin medal]// Pskov truth. - 2000. - 8 Aug. - S. 2.

14. Efimova I. As a gift "Love conversation" // News of Pskov. - 1998. - 23 Jan.

15. Efimova I. Until new anniversaries / Efimova I., Zhuravsky I. Photo. // News of Pskov. - 1997. - 24 Dec.

16. Efimova, I. "You love and my life..." / Efimova I., Zhuravsky I. Photo. // News of Pskov. - 1997. - 22 Dec.

17. Efimova, I. "I am happy that I live here" / Efimova I., Zhuravsky I. Photo. // News of Pskov. - 1997. - 2 Dec.

18. Zolottsev S. Spiritual is what is spiritual // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1996. - March 23.

19. Yazemova E.I. The number "13" turned out to be a lucky number: [About the work of the Pskov Administration prize winner. region N. M. Mishukov] // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1996. - 4 Sept.

21. Polovnikov V. Who is he - Nikolai Mikhailovich Mishukov? [on the life and work of the composer] // News of Pskov. - 1995. - July 20.

22. Mishukov N. M. There will be eternal music [Interview with the head of the Pskov Russian folk choir, honorary citizen of Pskov Nikolai Mikhailovich Mishukov / Recorded by S. Andreeva] // News of Pskov. - 1995. - 19 Aug.

Music publications

1. Gorelikova Tatyana Viktorovna The song is the voice of the soul: [song collection] / Gorelikova Tatyana Viktorovna / Tatyana Gorelikova; [N. Mishukov; V. Rahman; Yu. Sharov; Yu. Skopenko; K. Bykov; D. Lebedeva; Z. Cherneva; L. Radionova]. - Pskov: [House of Press], 2012. - 141, p., 3 sheets. col. ill. - Ed. from inv. number 1116BNM with autogr. ed.

2. Ten arrangements of Russian folk songs: for choir. Issue. 2 / Nikolai Mishukov. - Pskov: B. i., 1998. - 26 p.

3. If Russia has a soul, then it is called Pskov: songs of Pskov. authors. - Pskov: Pskov regional center of folk art, 2003. - 87 p.

4. Mishukov N. M.... And I grew up in the edge of the forest: 16 unaccompanied choirs. / Nikolay Mishukov. - Pskov: B. i., 2000. - 72 p.

5. Mishukov N. M. And the war goes further and further: songs of different years to poems by poets of the Pskov region / Nikolai Mishukov. - Pskov: Fatherland, 1995. - 43 p.

6. Mishukov N. M. Love Talk: Sat. songs. Issue. 1 / Nikolai Mishukov. - Pskov: TSNTI, 1997. - 39 p. - (Dedicated to the anniversary of the author).

7. Mishukov N. M. Clouds are circling over "Pokrovskaya": for voice (choir) and piano. / Nikolay Mishukov. - Pskov: Region. center creativity, 2000. - 56 p.

8. Mishukov N.M. About Motherland, about the world, about love: for voice and piano. / N. Mishukov. - Pskov: Publishing House of the Pskov Regional Center for Folk Art, 2003. - 68 p. - (To the 1100th anniversary of the city of Pskov).

9. Mishukov Nikolay Mikhailovich They don’t get tired of love: poems, songs / Mishukov Nikolai Mikhailovich - Pskov: B.I., 1999. - 104 p.

10. Mishukov Nikolay Mikhailovich Fatherland: collection / Mishukov Nikolai Mikhailovich / Nikolai Mishukov. - Pskov: LOGOS Plus, 2015. - 55 p. - To the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory.

11. Mishukov N. M. Songs: for voice and choir with accompaniment. fp. / Nikolay Mishukov. - Pskov: Scientific method. center creativity and cult. - light. works, 1981. - 67 p. - (Songs and music of Pskov authors).

12. Mishukov N.M. Songs and music of Pskov authors: [for voice and choir, accompanied by. fp.] / N. M. Mishukov; Ex. performance culture. Pskov Committee. region council of people deputies. Scientific method. center creativity and cultural enlightenment. work. Choral Island Pskov. region - Pskov: [B. and.], 1981. - 67 p.

13. Mishukov Nikolay Mikhailovich Appearance: [poems, songs] / Mishukov Nikolai Mikhailovich / Nikolai Mishukov. - Pskov: Logos, 2009. - 227 p.

14. Mishukov N. M. Come to us, man / Nikolai Mishukov; sl. O. Timmerman. - Manuscript. - 2 s.

15. Mishukov N. Pskov dialect / N. Mishukov. - [B. m.: b. i., 19--]. - 3 c.

16. Can't imagine Russia without Pskov: songs on the verses of Evgeny Izyumov. - [Pskov: b. i., 19--]. - 27 s.