Born on May 7, 1930 in the city of Smolensk in the family of a military man. He began his career in 1943 as a worker at a defense plant. In 1953 he graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow University, then graduate school. He taught theory of state and law. Since 1956 - senior consultant of the Legal Commission under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. From 1961 to 1976 - senior assistant, deputy head of the department for the work of the Councils of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In 1976 - 77 he worked in the apparatus of the CPSU Central Committee and took part in the preparation of the draft Union Constitution. In 1977 he returned to work in parliament, where he was the head of the Secretariat of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In 1987, he was elected Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, in charge of legal and administrative issues, and in September 1988 - a candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee.
Since 1985 - deputy of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, chairman of the Commission for Legislative Proposals. Since 1987 - deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In October 1988, he was elected first deputy chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and in March 1989, first deputy chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In March 1990, he was elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and served in the position until August 1991.
In December 1993, he was elected to the State Duma for the Smolensk territorial electoral district. In December 1995, voters in the Smolensk region again elected Lukyanov A.I. to the Russian parliament. As Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Legislation and Judicial Reform, he participated in the development and adoption of more than 300 bills, including laws on amendments to the Constitution, on elections, on referendums, on the government, on local self-government, etc. In accordance with the orders of voters introduced for consideration by the Duma questions on the abolition of the Belovezhskaya Agreements, on the inadmissibility of the purchase and sale of land, on perpetuating the memory of the Victory of the Soviet people over fascism, on improving the provision of war and labor veterans, etc.
Lukyanov A.I. - Member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. He is a Doctor of Law, a full member of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences and Arts and the International Academy of Informatization, a member of the Union of Writers of Russia, has more than 200 scientific works and a number of poetry collections. Awarded orders and medals of the USSR and foreign countries.
In December 1999, he was re-elected as a deputy of the State Duma of the third convocation in the Smolensk electoral district.
Anatoly Ivanovich considers the first motto of life: “Everything will pass, but the truth will remain.”
By decision of the Smolensk City Council dated April 28, 2000 No. 530 for the great role and personal participation in restoring historical justice - awarding the city of Smolensk the title “Hero City of Smolensk”, providing assistance and support in resolving issues of economic, socio-economic and cultural development of the city, active public activity in protecting interests in fulfilling the orders of voters Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov, a Smolensk resident, deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation in the Smolensk electoral district No. 169, was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Smolensk.”
Deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the first (1993-1995), second (1995-1999) and third (since December 1999) convocations, member of the Communist Party faction, member of the State Building Committee; born May 7, 1930 in Smolensk; graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow State University in 1953, Doctor of Law; 1953-1956 - taught theory of state and law; 1956-1961 - senior consultant of the Legal Commission under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, in 1957 he was sent as a legal consultant to Hungary and then to Poland; 1961-1976 - senior assistant, deputy head of the department of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on issues of the work of the Soviets; in 1968 he was sent to work in Czechoslovakia; 1976-1977 - consultant to the Department of Organizational and Party Work of the CPSU Central Committee; 1977-1983 - Head of the Secretariat of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR; 1983-1987 - Deputy Head, Head of the General Department of the CPSU Central Committee; 1987-1988 - Head of the Department of Administrative Bodies of the CPSU Central Committee, Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee; in 1987 he was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, in 1989 - as a people's deputy of the USSR; from October 1988 - First Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, from March 1989 - First Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, from March 1990 to August 26, 1991 - Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR; in August 1991 he was arrested in connection with the State Emergency Committee case and was detained until December 1992; a deputy of the State Duma in 1993, 1995 and 1999, he was elected as an independent candidate in the Smolensk single-mandate electoral district, nominated by the electoral association of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation; in the State Duma of the first and second convocations he was a member and chairman of the Committee on Legislation and Judicial Reform; in the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the third convocation from January 2000, he was the chairman of the Committee on State Construction, vacated this post in April 2002 after changing the package agreement on the division of leadership positions in committees; elected a member of the Central Audit Commission of the CPSU and a member of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1981-1986), a member of the CPSU Central Committee (1985-1991), a candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (1988-1991); at the restoration congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in February 1993, he was elected a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, from April 20, 1994 - a member of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee; since January 1995 - member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation; Academician of the International Academy of Informatization; member of the Russian Writers' Union; author of more than 200 scientific works, including monographs and textbooks, author of collections of poems “Consonance”, “Poems from Prison”, “Song of Protest”, in 1993 published the book “The Imaginary and Real Revolution”; awarded the Order of the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor, medals, as well as awards from foreign countries; married, has a daughter; enjoys mountaineering and poetry.
Working in the Central Committee of the CPSU, he took part in the preparation of the draft Constitution of the USSR, adopted in 1977. On the eve of the August 1991 events associated with the speech of the State Emergency Committee, he insisted on implementing the decisions of the national referendum held in March 1991 on the preservation of the USSR and on reflection of the results of the referendum in the draft of a new Union Treaty that was being prepared at that time.
When on August 19, 1991, the State Emergency Committee declared a state of emergency in the country, the Chairman of the Supreme Council signed a resolution convening an extraordinary session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and also made a Statement on the draft Union Treaty. On August 26, 1991, he was arrested in the “GKChP case.” In November 1991, A. Lukyanov was charged with participation in a conspiracy to seize power and abuse of power.
Until December 1992, he was in the Matrosskaya Tishina prison and the hospital of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of Moscow.
Then, by decision of the Prosecutor General, due to illness, the preventive measure was changed to a written undertaking not to leave the place, and A. Lukyanov was released from custody.
While under investigation, he refused to testify and did not plead guilty in the “GKChP case,” which was discontinued in connection with the resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of February 23, 1994 “On declaring a political and economic amnesty.” On behalf of the State Duma of the first convocation, he was one of its representatives in the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on a request on the constitutionality of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation issued in connection with military actions in the Chechen Republic.
Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov(born May 7, 1930, Smolensk, RSFSR, USSR) - Soviet party and statesman, Russian politician. The last Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (March 1990 - September 1991), first an associate of the first and last President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev, then his opponent. From August 1991 to December 1992, he was in custody in the State Emergency Committee case, accused of conspiracy to seize power and abuse of power, but was later amnestied along with other defendants in this case. Deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation from 1993 to 2003 from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Poet.
Doctor of Law (1979), professor at Moscow State University. Lomonosov (since 2004). Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation (2012).
Biography
Born into a military family. My father died at the front. He began his career in 1943 as a worker at a defense plant.
He graduated from school in 1948 with a gold medal. As Oleg Kashin writes about Lukyanov in the magazine “Russian Life”: “He came to Moscow from Smolensk as a promising poet, whose assets included publications in newspapers in his homeland and a friendly review from Alexander Tvardovsky.”
Graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow State University (1953), postgraduate student there in 1953-1956.
In 1956-1961 - senior consultant of the legal commission under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In 1957, he was sent as a legal adviser to Hungary, then to Poland. 1961-1976 - senior assistant, deputy head of the department of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on issues of the work of the Soviets. In 1976-1977 took part in the preparation of the draft Constitution of the USSR of 1977.
In 1977-1983, head of the secretariat of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In 1981-1986 - member of the Central Audit Commission of the CPSU. In 1983-1985, first deputy head, and in 1985-1987, head of the General Department of the CPSU Central Committee. In 1987-1988, head of the department of administrative bodies of the CPSU Central Committee.
He defended his doctoral dissertation in 1979 on the topic “Public Law”. In 1983, he was awarded the military rank of reserve lieutenant colonel.
Since 1984 - deputy of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, chairman of the commission of legislative proposals.
In 1986-1991 - member of the CPSU Central Committee. Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee (January 28, 1987 - September 30, 1988). Candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (September 30, 1988 - July 1990).
Since 1985 - deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, from 1989 to 1992 - people's deputy of the USSR from the CPSU, became a member of the USSR Supreme Council.
From October 1988 to May 1989, First Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In 1989, at the suggestion of Mikhail Gorbachev, he was elected First Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
On March 15, 1990, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected President of the USSR by the Congress of People's Deputies. Lukyanov replaced him as chairman of the Supreme Council.
Participation in the activities of the State Emergency Committee
Anatoly Lukyanov writes in his memoirs that he did not consider the introduction of a state of emergency absolutely justified. He directly spoke about this to the participants of the meeting held in the office of USSR Prime Minister Valentin Pavlov late in the evening of August 18. He himself was not a member of the State Committee for the State of Emergency (GKChP). On August 20, a group of Russian leaders (Rutskoy, Khasbulatov, Silaev) met in the Kremlin with Anatoly Lukyanov. During the meeting, the Russian side put forward demands that boiled down to “the cessation of the activities of the State Emergency Committee, the return of Gorbachev to Moscow, but no special threats were made. Lukyanov had the impression that these demands were not of an ultimatum nature.” The lack of ultimatum in the demands of the Kremlin visitors spoke of their desire not to aggravate the situation and thereby keep the GKAC members from attempting forceful actions, and also not to rush things, that is, to prolong the uncertainty of the situation, which would be beneficial to the White House. Former member of the Emergency Committee Oleg Baklanov noted: “Lukyanov took a very soft position, while a lot depended on the Supreme Council.” Lukyanov himself admitted: “I was not a member of the State Emergency Committee from the very beginning - I had different views.” Baklanov also noted the fact that Lukyanov was arrested later than all the other participants in the State Emergency Committee. In Lukyanov’s own opinion, he was arrested because “Gorbachev and Yeltsin were afraid that if he held the V Congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR, the deputies could nullify all the results of the August victory of democracy.”
Anatoly Lukyanov is a domestic (Soviet) politician. Ex-chairman One of those accused in the State Emergency Committee case. Spent about a year in custody on charges of coup.
Biography of the politician
Anatoly Lukyanov was born in Smolensk in 1930. His father died at the front. At the age of 13, he himself went to work as a worker at a defense plant at the height of the Great Patriotic War.
This did not stop Lukyanov from studying well; in 1948 he graduated from school with a gold medal. He went from Smolensk to the capital as an aspiring poet. He had already been published in local newspapers and had favorable reviews from his fellow countryman, the author of Vasily Terkin, Alexander Tvardovsky.
In 1953, Anatoly Lukyanov received a degree in law at Moscow State University and remained in graduate school.
Works in the legal department of the USSR Council of Ministers. Then he is sent as a legal adviser, first to Hungary, and then to Poland. In 1976 he took part in the development of a new
After the adoption of this important state document, he joined the secretariat of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
In 1979 he became a Doctor of Law. His dissertation was on research in public law. In 1984, he became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from the Smolensk region.
Participation in the work of the Emergency Committee
In his memoirs, Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov claims that he himself did not consider it necessary to introduce a state of emergency. He stated this on March 18 to one of the leaders of the Soviet Union, Valentin Pavlov, who held the position of Prime Minister at that time.
Two days later, Rutskoy, Khasbulatov and Silaev met with Lukyanov in the Kremlin. They demanded to stop the work of the Emergency Committee and return Mikhail Gorbachev to Moscow. At the same time, no ultimatum demands were expressed. Therefore, Anatoly Lukyanov decided that they did not want to aggravate the situation.
His comrades in the State Emergency Committee note: Lukyanov initially took an overly soft position, when a lot depended on the Supreme Council.
The role of the Emergency Committee
The State Committee for the State of Emergency, which ultimately included Anatoly Lukyanov, was organized with the goal of saving the Soviet Union from collapse.
It lasted four days. Members of the State Emergency Committee were categorically against Gorbachev's reforms, as well as the creation of the CIS, which initially only part of the republics of the former USSR planned to join.
The leadership of the RSFSR, led by President Yeltsin, refused to obey the decrees of the State Emergency Committee, declaring that their actions were contrary to the constitution. The activities of the State Emergency Committee led to the August coup.
Already at the end of summer the committee was dissolved. Everyone who participated in its work or assisted the leaders of the State Emergency Committee was arrested.
Arrest of members of the State Emergency Committee
The first to be arrested were the politicians headed by Yanaev, Baklanov, Kryuchkov, Pavlov, Pugo, Starodubtsev, Tizyakov and Yazov. Anatoly Lukyanov was one of the last to be taken into custody.
The politician himself believed that his arrest was caused by the fact that Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin feared that at the Congress of People's Deputies he would be elected as a leader, because of which the successes of democracy could come to naught.
On August 29, a decree was issued to arrest Lukyanov and bring him to criminal responsibility for attempting a coup. He spent more than a year in the capital's pre-trial detention center.
Charges and release
Anatoly Lukyanov, whose biography was closely connected with the USSR, was initially accused of treason. Then the wording was changed to an attempt to seize power and abuse of power.
Lukyanov refused to testify in the State Emergency Committee case. The ending of this story turned out to be happy for all participants. At the end of 1992, all those arrested were released under arrest. In February 1994, the State Duma declared an amnesty for everyone involved in the State Emergency Committee.
After release
Once free, in 1993 Lukyanov won the elections to the State Duma, receiving a mandate from the Smolensk region. He was then twice re-elected to the federal parliament.
Lukyanov is the author of more than 350 scientific papers. Most of them are devoted to constitutional law and legal theory. In 2010, he published a book about his own vision of the events of those days, entitled “August 91. Was there a conspiracy?”
However, he did not abandon his youthful passion for poetry. He published collections of poetry under the pseudonyms Anatoly Osenev and Dneprov.
His wife Lyudmila Lukyanova is a biologist, Doctor of Science. Works at the Department of Constitutional Law of the Higher School of Economics.
Since his youth he has been interested in mountaineering; according to his own statements, he was friends with whom he met in the late 60s. Lukyanov helped him as a lawyer in the process of inheritance of Anna Akhmatova. Gumilev wanted to transfer her archive to the Pushkin House.
Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov played a big role in the development of his native Smolensk region. His biography and the awards he received testify to this. Lukyanov has the title of Smolensk. Awarded the Red Banner of Labor and the medal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
He has the status of Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation.
Lukyanov’s rare hobby is well known. He collects phonograms with recordings of the voices of poets and other famous personalities. In 2006, he even released a separate publication, “100 poets of the 20th century. Poems performed by the author,” providing the recordings with his own comments.
Now Lukyanov is 86 years old and lives in Moscow.
He was prosecuted in the case of the August 1991 coup. Deputy of the State Duma from 1993 to 2003. from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
In 1953 he graduated from the Faculty of Law of Moscow State University, and was a postgraduate student there in 1953-56.
In 1956-61, senior consultant to the legal commission under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
In 1957, he was sent as a legal adviser to Hungary, then to Poland. 1961-76 – senior assistant, deputy head of the department for work issues of the Council of Presidiums of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
He worked in the legal commission under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, then in the department of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on issues of the work of the Soviets.
In 1977-1983, head of the secretariat of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In 1983-1985, first deputy head, and in 1985-1987, head of the General Department of the CPSU Central Committee. In 1987-1988, head of the department of administrative bodies of the CPSU Central Committee. From October 1988 to May 1989, First Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
He defended his doctoral dissertation in 1979 on the topic “Public Law”.
In 1985 he became a member of the CPSU Central Committee. Since 1985 - Deputy of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, Chairman of the Commission on Legislative Proposals.
Since 1987, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, since 1989, people's deputy from the CPSU, joined the Supreme Council.
State Emergency Committee
Lukyanov was not a member of the State Emergency Committee, but according to many[who?], he was one of the initiators of the August putsch.
From August 29, 1991 to December 1992, he was in the Matrosskaya Tishina detention center, after which he was released on his own recognizance. Lukyanov’s arrest was opposed by his colleague, Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR Ruslan Khasbulatov, who soon became a prisoner himself.
On February 23, 1994, by resolution of the State Duma, an amnesty was declared for all participants in the coup, and the criminal case was closed.
State Duma
In December 1993, he was elected to the State Duma of the first convocation in a single-mandate constituency from the Smolensk region, and was re-elected in 1995 and 1999.
Family
Wife - Lyudmila Dmitrievna Lukyanova, professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences, corresponding member of the Academy of Medical Sciences.
Daughter - Elena Anatolyevna Lukyanova, professor at the Faculty of Law of Moscow State University, Doctor of Law.
Poetry
Poet, wrote under the pseudonym Anatoly Osenev - the book “Consonance” (M., 1990). He also wrote under the pseudonym Dneprov.
Awards
Medal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation "90 years of the Great October Socialist Revolution"