Interesting experiments for children at home will allow you to lure your baby to an interesting activity, as well as stimulate his cognition and desire to learn new things. You can conduct a variety of experiments from the moment when the child is able to perceive information or at least carefully observe the process. The best option for the simplest experiments is the age of 2 years, after which, following the growth of the child, you can complicate the experiments and bring your child to help.
Modern science for children and parents allows you to use improvised materials to conduct various experiments at home. Children in the world of science will be able to better know all the features of what is happening around, as well as learn a lot of useful and interesting things for themselves. Science through the eyes of children will take on a completely different look, and simple and fun manipulations carried out during all procedures will surely interest your child, and he will be happy to take part.
Simple Science: Experiments and Experiments for Kids
Experiments and experiments for children 5-7 years old will be the best solution for a great pastime with the baby. School years begin and instilling with the help of various interesting "tricks" will be a good solution. Entertaining science, carried out at home, opens up a completely different world for the child, in which seemingly simple things turn into something unimaginable.
Simple scientific activities for children of different ages will allow your child to better understand the characteristics of different substances, their combinations and arouse a healthy interest in learning new things, but for now we bring to your attention 6 experiments that you can do at home.
Chemical experiments for children are an important point, because you can not only discover something new for the child, but also explain the behavior with different substances and the precautions that should be observed. Your attention is presented 3 chemical experiments, which can be carried out at home.
non-newtonian fluid
A fairly simple experiment, which requires only water and starch. You can use any color food coloring to add color. It is necessary to mix water with starch in a ratio of 1 to 1. The result is a substance that, in a calm form, retains all the characteristics of water, but upon impact or an attempt to break, it acquires indicators more characteristic of a solid body.
Turning milk into a cow
An interesting experiment using milk and vinegar. Milk should be slightly heated in the microwave or on the stove, without boiling. After that, add vinegar to the container with milk and begin to mix actively. After a while, clots begin to form, consisting of casein, a protein found in cow's milk. With a large accumulation of these clots, strain the liquid, and collect the collected casein clots into one, from which you can fashion a figure of a cow or any other object. After drying the product, after a few days you get a durable toy made of natural material with hypoallergenic characteristics.
"Elephant Toothpaste"
An impressive experiment that causes a sea of positive emotions and delight in a child. It will require hydrogen peroxide (6%), dry yeast, liquid soap, food coloring and some water. To obtain the effect, it is necessary to add yeast to a mixture of water, soap and peroxide. The exothermic reaction caused by this will lead to an instantaneous expansion of the resulting sweep, which will immediately blow out of the container like a fountain. To keep the house clean, it is better to conduct this experiment on the street, because the height of the jet can reach several meters.
However, not only chemistry can please your kids. There are also experiments for children in such a field of science as physics. Especially for you, we have prepared 3 of the simplest of them.
Leaky package
To conduct the experiment, a regular bag, some water and a few sharpened pencils are enough. It is necessary to draw water into the bag and tie it tightly. After that comes the moment of true surprise for your children when, having completely pierced the bag with a pencil, the water will not flow from it. This is due to the fact that polyethylene is a fairly elastic material and is able to envelop a pencil, preventing water from flowing out.
Frozen soap bubble
To implement this idea, you will need an ordinary soap bubble and suitable weather conditions (preferably -15 degrees). The child will be able to watch how quickly an ordinary bubble changes its state of aggregation, freezing and acquiring a completely different look.
color tower
All you need is water, sugar and various food colorings. By mixing water with sugar in various proportions, you get mixtures of different density, which allows them not to mix with each other in one vessel, thus creating a turret of different colors.
You can also learn a lot of interesting things by watching the program simple science, exciting experiments for children, the videos of which we have already prepared for you.
On the eve of Cosmonautics Day, we have compiled a selection of the five most significant experiments ever conducted in space. In the future, the results of these tests will transform the process of conquering the unexplored depths of space! 
The textbook by B. A. Vorontsov-Velyaminov, E. K. Straut meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard and is intended for studying astronomy at a basic level. It retains the classical structure of the presentation of educational material, much attention is paid to the current state of science. Astronomy has made tremendous strides in recent decades. Today it is one of the fastest growing areas of natural science. New well-established data on the study of celestial bodies from spacecraft and modern large ground and space telescopes have found their place in the textbook.
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Using 3D printing technologiesRecently, the ISS tested a special 3D printer designed to work in zero gravity. With it, the astronauts printed several tools that were sent back to Earth for a thorough check of their quality. If future tests are successful, this technology will allow the station crew to independently produce the necessary spare parts for the repair of the ISS and eliminate the need to take heavy parts with them on the flight - everything you need can be printed in space, having a printer and a supply of materials on board. |
You can test your knowledge of space in the online simulator.
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Catching particles with a magnetic alpha spectrometerIn modern physics, there are many unresolved fundamental questions: for example, what is the so-called dark matter? Or why is there such an asymmetry between the amount of matter and antimatter in the Universe? These and many other questions will be answered by a special device delivered to the ISS - a magnetic alpha spectrometer. With its help, scientists will detect and study the properties of all kinds of particles, and its location in space will provide even greater data accuracy than on the planet. |
Why does our universe look like this? What is M-theory? Are there exceptions to the laws of nature, such as miracles? The answers to these and many other questions are given by the legendary scientist and popularizer of science Stephen Hawking. Who designed and invented this world? And why was it done? Answers to these eternal questions are given by the outstanding scientist of our time, Stephen Hawking. It will be of interest to anyone who wants to expand their understanding of the structure of the Universe.
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space gardenSome time ago, a special system for growing seeds in space called Veggie was delivered to the ISS. Using it, astronauts will be able to study the process of seed growth in space. Plants receive all the necessary fertilizers, and light and heat come from special lamps. Success in the test will allow in the future to organize a system for growing plants on ships and stations in the conditions of long expeditions. The astronauts themselves admitted that they especially liked this experiment: the opportunity to take care of plants reminded them of the Earth. |
A methodological guide to the textbook “Astronomy. A basic level of. Grade 11 "authors B. A. Vorontsov-Velyaminov, E. K. Straut is designed to help the teacher in preparing for the lessons, in organizing the activities of students in the classroom and at home, in preparing for the exam in physics, and also to provide support in the process of involving schoolchildren in Olympic activity. For each lesson, detailed methodological instructions are given, tasks and practical tasks are presented. Also in the manual are options for control and independent work and project topics.
On the chop
Materials and equipment: A bucket, a ball, a rope tied to the handle of the bucket.
Lesson progress
Children put the ball into the bucket. They find out with the help of actions what will happen if the bucket is turned over (the ball will fall out), why (earth gravity acts). An adult demonstrates the rotation of the bucket by the rope (the ball does not fall out). Children are led to the conclusion: when objects are spinning (moving in a circle), they do not fall. The same happens with the planets and their satellites. As soon as the movement stops, the object falls.
Straight or round?
Objectives: Determine what keeps satellites in orbit.
Materials and equipment: Paper plate, scissors, glass ball.
Lesson progress
An adult invites children to solve a problem: what would happen to a satellite (for example, the Moon) if the planet did not attract it (earth gravity). Puts experience together with children: cuts a paper plate in half and uses one half; puts a ball in it, puts it on the table and tilts it slightly so that the ball quickly rolls along the recess in the plate. Children find out what is happening (the ball rolls off the plate and moves away from it in a straight line), they conclude: objects move in a straight line if no force acts on them. The moon would also move away from the earth in a straight line if the earth's gravity did not keep it in a circular orbit.
flattened ball
Tasks: Determine why the globe is flattened from the poles.
Materials and equipment: A piece of colored paper for crafts 40 cm long, scissors, glue, a hole punch, a ruler, a pencil.
Lesson progress
Children determine the name of our planet (Earth), what shape it is (round), what movements it performs (rotates), from what sources people can learn about the planet (from books, from photographs from space). The adult explains that the globe is slightly flattened at the poles, demonstrating this through experience. He offers a finished model, explains its design (a pencil is the earth's axis, paper strips glued in the form of a circle represent the globe during rotation). Rotates a pencil with a ball attached to it between the palms, moving them back and forth. Children find out what is happening (during the rotation of the ball, its upper and lower parts are flattened, and the central part is inflated), and with the help of an adult they explain (a force acts on the rotating ball, tending to inflate paper strips to the sides, and because of this, the upper and the lower parts are flattened). Like all rotating balls, our Earth is also flattened at the poles and bloated at the equator. If you measure the circumference of the Earth along the equator and through the poles, then along the equator it will be 44 km more. Then the adult together with the children make a model: measure and cut out two paper strips 3 x 40 cm in size; put them crosswise and glue them together .. Then they connect the four free ends and glue them too - you get a ball. When the glue dries, make a hole in the place of gluing and insert a 5 cm pencil into it.
dark space
Objectives: Find out why it is dark in space.
Materials and equipment: Flashlight, table, ruler.
Lesson progress
Children find out with the help of experience why it is dark in space. They put a flashlight on the edge of the table, darken the room, leaving only the flashlight on. They find a beam of light and try to trace it, bring their hands at a distance of about 30 cm from the lantern. They see that a circle of light appears on the hand, but it is almost invisible between the lantern and the hand. Explain why (the hand reflects the rays of light, and then they can be seen). Children conclude that although rays of light constantly come from the Sun in space, it is dark there, since there is nothing that could reflect the light. Light is visible only when it is reflected from an object and perceived by our eyes.
rotating earth
Tasks: Imagine how the Earth rotates on its axis.
Materials and equipment: Plasticine, thin pointed stick.
Lesson progress
An adult asks what our planet looks like in shape (a ball). The globe is constantly rotating. One can imagine how this happens. An adult shows the finished model, making explanations (the ball is the globe, the stick is the axis of the Earth, which passes through the center of the ball, but in fact it is invisible). The adult invites the children to spin the stick, holding it by the long end.
Theme "Space"
Experience No. 1 "Making a cloud."
Target:
- To acquaint children with the process of formation of clouds, rain.
Equipment: three-liter jar, hot water, ice cubes.
Pour hot water into a three-liter jar (about 2.5 cm). Place a few ice cubes on a baking sheet and place it on top of the jar. The air inside the jar, rising up, will cool. The water vapor it contains will condense to form clouds.
This experiment simulates the formation of clouds when warm air cools. And where does the rain come from? It turns out that the drops, heated up on the ground, rise up. It gets cold there, and they huddle together, forming clouds. When they meet together, they increase, become heavy and fall to the ground in the form of rain.
Experiment No. 2 "The concept of electric charges."
Target:
- Introduce children to the fact that all objects have an electric charge.
Equipment: balloon, piece of woolen cloth.
Blow up a small balloon. Rub the ball on wool or fur, and even better on your hair, and you will see how the ball will begin to stick to literally all objects in the room: to the closet, to the wall, and most importantly, to the child.
This is because all objects have a certain electrical charge. As a result of contact between two different materials, electrical discharges are separated.
Experience No. 3 "Solar system".
Target:
Explain to children. Why do all the planets revolve around the sun.
Equipment: yellow wooden stick, thread, 9 balls.
Imagine that the yellow stick is the Sun, and 9 balls on the strings are the planets
We rotate the wand, all the planets fly in a circle, if you stop it, then the planets will stop. What helps the Sun to hold the entire solar system? ..
The sun is aided by perpetual motion.
That's right, if the Sun does not move the whole system will fall apart and this perpetual motion will not work.
Experience No. 4 "Sun and Earth".
Target:
Explain to children the relationship between the sizes of the Sun and the Earth
Equipment: big ball and bead.
The dimensions of our beloved luminary are small compared to other stars, but huge by earthly standards. The diameter of the Sun exceeds 1 million kilometers. Agree, even for us adults it is difficult to imagine and comprehend such dimensions. “Imagine if our solar system was reduced so that the Sun became the size of this ball, then the earth, together with all cities and countries, mountains, rivers and oceans, would become the size of this bead.
Experience number 5 "Day and night."
Target:
It is best to do this on a model of the solar system! . For her, you need only two things - a globe and a regular flashlight. Turn on a flashlight in a darkened group room and point the globe at roughly your city. Explain to the children: “Look; a flashlight is the Sun, it shines on the Earth. Where there is light, the day has already come. Here, let's turn a little more - now it just shines on our city. Where the rays of the sun do not reach, we have night. Ask the children what they think happens when the line between light and dark is blurred. I'm sure any kid will guess that it's morning or evening
Experience No. 6 "Day and night No. 2"
Target: - explain to the children why there is day and night.
Equipment: flashlight, globe.
we create a model of the rotation of the Earth around its axis and the Sun. To do this, we need a globe and a flashlight. Tell the children that nothing in the universe stands still. Planets and stars move along their own, strictly defined path. Our Earth rotates around its axis, and with the help of a globe, this is easy to demonstrate. On the side of the globe that faces the sun (in our case, the lamp) - day, on the opposite side - night. The earth's axis is not straight, but tilted at an angle (this is also clearly visible on the globe). That is why there is a polar day and a polar night. Let the guys make sure that no matter how he rotates the globe, one of the poles will always be illuminated, and the other, on the contrary, will be darkened. Tell the children about the features of the polar day and night and about how people live beyond the Arctic Circle.
Experience number 7 "Who invented the summer?".
Target:
- explain to the children why there is winter and summer.
Equipment: flashlight, globe.
Let's look at our model again. Now we will move the globe around the “sun” and observe what happens to
lighting. Due to the fact that the sun illuminates the surface of the Earth in different ways, the seasons change. If it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, then it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere. Explain that it takes the Earth a whole year to go around the Sun. Show the children the place on the globe where you live. You can even stick a little paper man or a photo of a baby there. Move the globe and try it with the kids
determine what time of year it will be at that point. And do not forget to draw the attention of young astronomers to the fact that every half-turn of the Earth around the Sun, the polar day and night change places.
Experience No. 8 "Eclipse of the sun."
Target:
- explain to the children why there is an eclipse of the sun.
Equipment: flashlight, globe.
Very many phenomena occurring around us can be explained even to a very small child simply and clearly. And it is a must to do so! Solar eclipses in our latitudes are very rare, but this does not mean that we should bypass such a phenomenon!
The most interesting thing is that the Sun is not made black, as some people think. Watching the eclipse through the smoked glass, we are looking at the same Moon, which is just opposite the Sun. Yes... it sounds unclear. We will be rescued by simple improvised means.
Take a large ball (this, of course, will be the moon). And this time, our flashlight will become the Sun. The whole experience is to hold the ball against the light source - here is the black Sun for you ... How simple it is, it turns out.
Experience No. 9 "Water in a spacesuit".
Target:
Establish what happens to water in an enclosed space, such as a space suit.
Equipment: a jar with a lid.
Pour enough water into the jar to cover the bottom.
Close the jar with a lid.
Place the jar in direct sunlight for two hours.
RESULTS: Liquid accumulates on the inside of the jar.
WHY? The heat coming from the Sun causes the water to evaporate (turn from liquid to gas). Hitting the cool surface of the can, the gas condenses (turns from a gas into a liquid). Through the pores of the skin, people secrete a salty liquid - sweat. Evaporating sweat, as well as water vapor released by people when they breathe, after a while condenses on various parts of the suit - just like water in a can - until the inside of the suit gets wet. To prevent this from happening, a tube was attached to one part of the suit, through which dry air enters. Humid air and excess heat generated by the human body exits through another tube in another part of the suit. Air circulation keeps the spacesuit cool and dry.
Experience No. 10 "Rotation of the Moon".
Target:
Show that the moon rotates on its axis.
Equipment: two sheets of paper, adhesive tape, felt-tip pen.
PROCESS: Draw a circle in the center of one sheet of paper.
Write the word "Earth" in a circle and place the paper on the floor.
Use a felt-tip pen to draw a large cross on another sheet and tape it to the wall.
Stand near the sheet lying on the floor with the inscription "Earth" and at the same time stand facing another sheet of paper where a cross is drawn.
Walk around the "Earth" while continuing to face the cross.
Stand facing the "Earth".
Walk around the "Earth", remaining facing it.
RESULTS: While you were walking around the "Earth" and at the same time remained facing the cross hanging on the wall, various parts of your body turned out to be turned to the "Earth". When you walked around the “Earth”, remaining facing it, you were constantly facing it only with the front of your body.
WHY? You had to gradually rotate your body as you moved around the "Earth". And the Moon, too, since it always faces the Earth on the same side, has to gradually turn on its axis as it moves in orbit around the Earth. Since the Moon makes one revolution around the Earth in 28 days, then its rotation around its axis takes the same time.
Experience No. 11 "Blue Sky".
Target:
Find out why the Earth is called the blue planet.
Equipment: glass, milk, spoon, pipette, flashlight.
PROCESS: Fill a glass with water. Add a drop of milk to the water and stir. Darken the room and position the flashlight so that the beam of light from it passes through the central part of the glass of water. Return the flashlight to its original position.
RESULTS: A beam of light passes only through pure water, and water diluted with milk has a bluish-gray tint.
WHY? The waves that make up white light have different wavelengths depending on the color. The milk particles give off and scatter short blue waves, which makes the water appear bluish. The nitrogen and oxygen molecules found in Earth's atmosphere, like milk particles, are small enough to also pick up blue waves from sunlight and scatter them throughout the atmosphere. This makes the sky look blue from Earth, and the Earth looks blue from space. The color of the water in the glass is pale and not pure blue, because the large particles of milk reflect and scatter more than just blue. The same happens with the atmosphere when large amounts of dust or water vapor accumulate there. The cleaner and drier the air, the bluer the sky, as blue waves scatter the most.
Experience No. 12 "Far - close."
Target:
Determine how distance from the sun affects air temperature.
Equipment: two thermometers, table lamp, long ruler (meter).
PROCESS: Take a ruler and place one thermometer at the 10 cm mark and the second thermometer at the 100 cm mark.
Place a table lamp at the zero mark of the ruler.
Turn on the lamp. Record the readings of both thermometers after 10 minutes.
RESULTS: The near thermometer shows a higher temperature.
WHY? The thermometer, which is closer to the lamp, receives more energy and therefore heats up more. The farther the light from the lamp spreads, the more its rays diverge, and they can no longer heat up the far thermometer much. The same thing happens with the planets. Mercury, the planet closest to the Sun, receives the most energy. Planets farther from the Sun receive less energy and their atmospheres are colder. Mercury is much hotter than Pluto, which is very far from the Sun. As for the temperature of the atmosphere of the Planet, it is also influenced by other factors, such as its density and composition.
Experience number 13 "Is it far to the moon?".
Target
Learn how to measure the distance to the moon.
Equipment: two flat mirrors, sticky tape, a table, a sheet of notebook, a flashlight.
PROCESS: ATTENTION: The experiment must be carried out in a room that can be darkened.
Tape the mirrors together so that they open and close like a book. Put mirrors on the table.
Attach a piece of paper to your chest. Place the flashlight on the table so that the light hits one of the mirrors at an angle.
Find a second mirror in such a position that it reflects light onto a piece of paper on your chest.
RESULTS: A ring of light appears on the paper.
WHY? The light was first reflected by one mirror onto another, and then onto a paper screen. The retroreflector left on the Moon is made up of mirrors similar to those we used in this experiment. By measuring the time it took for a laser beam sent from the Earth to be reflected in a retroreflector mounted on the Moon and return to Earth, scientists calculated the distance from the Earth to the Moon.
Experience No. 14 "Distant glow".
Target:
Determine why the ring of Jupiter shines.
Equipment : flashlight, talcum powder in a plastic package with holes.
PROCESS: Darken the room and place the flashlight on the edge of the table.
Keep an open container of talc under a beam of light.
Squeeze the container sharply.
RESULTS: The beam of light is barely visible until the powder hits it. The scattered particles of talc begin to shine and the light path can be seen.
WHY? Light cannot be seen until it is reflected
from anything and will not get into your eyes. Talc particles behave in the same way as the small particles that make up Jupiter's ring: they reflect light. Jupiter's ring is fifty thousand kilometers from the planet's cloud cover. These rings are thought to be made up of material brought there by Io, the closest of Jupiter's four large moons. Io is the only known moon with active volcanoes. It is possible that Jupiter's ring formed from volcanic ash.
Experience No. 15 "Daytime stars".
Target:
Show that the stars are always shining.
Equipment : hole punch, postcard-sized cardboard, white envelope, flashlight.
PROCESS: Punch a few holes in the cardboard with a hole punch.
Put the card in an envelope. Being in a well-lit room, take an envelope with a cardboard box in one hand, and a flashlight in the other. Turn on the flashlight and from 5 cm shine it on the side of the envelope facing you, and then on the other side.
RESULTS: Holes in the cardboard are not visible through the envelope when you shine a flashlight on the side of the envelope facing you, but become clearly visible when the light from the flashlight is directed from the other side of the envelope directly at you.
WHY? In an illuminated room, light passes through the holes in the cardboard no matter where the lighted flashlight is located, but they become visible only when the hole, due to the light passing through it, begins to stand out against a darker background. The same thing happens with the stars. During the day they shine too, but the sky becomes so bright due to sunlight that the light of the stars is obscured. It is best to look at the stars on moonless nights and away from city lights.
Experience No. 16 "Beyond the Horizon".
Target:
Determine why the Sun can be seen before it rises above the horizon
Equipment : a clean liter glass jar with a lid, a table, a ruler, books, plasticine.
PROCESS: Fill the jar with water until it overflows. Close the jar tightly with a lid. Place the jar on the table 30 cm from the edge of the table. Fold the books in front of the jar so that only a quarter of the jar is visible. Make a ball the size of a walnut out of plasticine. Place the ball on the table 10 cm from the jar. Get on your knees in front of books. See through a jar of water while looking over books. If the plasticine ball is not visible, move it.
Staying in the same position, remove the jar from your field of vision.
RESULTS:
You can only see the ball through the water jar.
WHY?
The water jar allows you to see the balloon behind the stack of books. Whatever you look at can only be seen because the light emitted by that object reaches your eyes. The light reflected from the plasticine ball passes through the jar of water and is refracted in it. Light from heavenly bodies travels through the earth's atmosphere (hundreds of kilometers of air surrounding the earth) before reaching us. Earth's atmosphere refracts this light in the same way as a can of water. Due to the refraction of light, the Sun can be seen a few minutes before it rises above the horizon, and also some time after sunset.
O torture number 17 "Eclipse and the crown."
Target:
Demonstrate how the Moon helps observe the solar corona.
Equipment : a table lamp, a pin, a piece of not very thick cardboard.
PROCESS: Use a pin to make a hole in the cardboard. Open the hole slightly so you can see through it. Turn on the lamp. Close your right eye. Hold the card to your left eye. Look through the hole at the turned on lamp.
RESULTS: Looking through the hole, you can read the inscription on the light bulb.
WHY? The cardboard covers most of the light coming from the lamp, and makes it possible to see the inscription. During a solar eclipse, the Moon obscures the bright sunlight and makes it possible to study the less bright outer shell - the solar corona.
Experience No. 18 "Star Rings".
Target:
Determine why the stars seem to move in a circle.
Equipment : scissors, ruler, white crayon, pencil, adhesive tape, black paper.
PROCESS: Cut out a circle with a diameter of 15 cm from paper. Randomly draw 10 small dots with chalk on a black circle. Pierce the circle in the center with a pencil and leave it there, securing the bottom with duct tape. Holding the pencil between your palms, twist it quickly.
RESULTS: Light rings appear on a rotating paper circle.
WHY? Our vision retains the image of white dots for a while. Due to the rotation of the circle, their individual images merge into light rings. This is what happens when astronomers take pictures of the stars, taking many hours of exposure. The light from the stars leaves a long circular trail on the photographic plate, as if the stars were moving in a circle. In fact, the Earth itself moves, and the stars are motionless relative to it. Although it seems to us that the stars are moving, the photographic plate is moving along with the Earth rotating around its axis.
Experience No. 19 "Star clock".
Target:
Find out why the stars make a circular motion in the night sky.
Equipment : dark umbrella, white chalk.
PROCESS: With chalk, draw the constellation Ursa Major on one of the segments on the inside of the umbrella. Raise your umbrella over your head. Slowly rotate the umbrella counterclockwise.
RESULTS: The center of the umbrella stays in one place while the stars move around.
WHY? The stars in the constellation Ursa Major make an apparent movement around one central star - Polaris - like the hands on a clock. One rotation takes one day - 24 hours. We see the rotation of the starry sky, but it only seems to us, because our Earth actually rotates, and not the stars around it. It completes one revolution around its axis in 24 hours. The axis of rotation of the Earth is directed towards the North Star, and therefore it seems to us that the stars revolve around it.