Game - warm-up: Simple sentences in the SPP are mixed up. Unravel them and write them down correctly. The only beauty, it is impossible to treat it. The food is more tasteless than the disease that robs life. There is no worse enemy and thief that I know is health. If the disease is not defined, the healthier it is.
CHECK YOURSELF! (self-examination) The only beauty I know is health. G. Heine The more tasteless the food, the healthier it is. A. Lesage There is no worse enemy and thief than a disease that robs life. "Mirror of Wisdom" If the disease is not defined, it is impossible to treat it. Samarkandy
Algorithm "The order of mental operations in the analysis of SPP" Determine the type of sentence; how many simple sentences are included in it (find and underline the grammatical foundations). Find the main offer. Read the subordinate clause and determine its place in relation to the main one. Determine what the subordinate clause explains (everything is important, a word or phrase); put the question from the main clause to the subordinate clause. Name the type of adjective. Indicate the method of connecting the subordinate clause with the main one (conjunctions, allied words, intonation). Find out if there is a demonstrative word in the main sentence. Explain punctuation. Draw up a graphic scheme of the proposal. We replenish the methodical piggy bank of the "Schoolboy"
COMPARE: The heart felt bad. My house is in a new area. We reached our destination in the evening. My heart felt that something bad was about to happen. The house I live in is in a new area. We reached our destination when evening came. Comparative analysis
Russian language lesson in 9th grade.
Lesson topic: "The main groups of complex sentences according to their meaning."
The purpose of the lesson: to give a general idea of groups of complex sentences according to their meaning, to improve punctuation skills.
Lesson form: a combined lesson, including work on the textbook, elements of research work, sentence construction, sentence diagramming.
During the classes.
Linguistic workout. Spelling dictation.
Brilliant, ponder, super-refined, parliament, shine, intense, barrier, play, tennis, gallery, side by side, stay at the exhibition, exactly the same, arrive in the city, by all means.
Task: identify paired types of orthograms, explain them.
Construction of complex sentences. Generalization of knowledge about NGN.
Form of the game: the teacher listens, the students explain the material. Implementation of individual tasks.
1st student. The difference between a complex sentence and a SSP. Main and subordinate clause in a sentence.
Example: When there is no agreement among the comrades, their business will not go well. Happy is the one to whom the warm wind blows at dawn.
2nd student. In NGN, there can be more than one subordinate clause, but several.
Example: It is so light outside that you can see the wind shaking the tops of the trees.
3rd student. The subordinate clause is attached to the main by subordinating unions or allied words (relative pronoun, adverb).
Example: When the sun rises, we set off. We agreed on when we would be on our way.
Determine where the union is, and where the allied word is, prove it.
4th student. In the main sentence there may be demonstrative words (they contain in a compressed form the content of the subordinate clause). A demonstrative word can be combined with a subordinating conjunction to form a compound conjunction.
Example: The wind was blowing so that it seemed animated. We were sitting on a hill, so we could see everything in all directions.
5th student. The place of the subordinate clause is not constant. It can stand before the main, in the middle, after the main. With double alliances, it always comes before the main one.
Example: The sooner the fire burned out, the darker it became around.
3. Teacher. What do you know about punctuation marks in NGN. Write a sentence, explain punctuation marks.
Example: Everyone understands that the fate of the country is now being decided. We know what is now on the scales and what is happening now.
Draw up written sentences.
I I, what ().
I I,(what…….) and (what…….).
The concept of the main groups of subordinate clauses in NGN. Comparison of simple and complex sentences. Construction of complex sentences.
Write down in a notebook.
1. The heart foresaw something bad.
2. Our school is located on Aleksey Khadykin Street.
3. We reached our destination in the evening.
1. The heart foresaw that something bad would happen.
2. The school where we study is located on Aleksey Khadykin street.
3. We reached the destination of the trip when evening came.
Compare the proposals and draw conclusions.
In complex sentences, clauses are similar in meaning to a minor member of the sentence: addition, definition, circumstance. Therefore, we call them subordinate explanatory, attributive, circumstantial.
5. How to determine the type of subordinate clause?
The most important rule is to ask the question correctly (from the whole main sentence or from one of its words).
Example: A penny is the price of a person who cannot break a bad habit. The artist sees what others do not see. Headlong, he rushed to where the cry for help came from.
Summary of the lesson.
Homework: paragraph 9 p. 43, ex. 98.
In the case of a margin of time, syntactic analysis of the sentence: Never talk about what you do not know. Draw up a proposal.
REPETITION. ADD INSTEAD OF DOTS TO THESE SENTENCES ONE SUBJECT AT ALL. WRITE OUT WITH PUNCIATION. MAKE A SCHEME OF THE COMPOSED OFFER. 1. 2. Books should be read like this. . . It's easier on the hike. . .
REPETITION. RESTRUCVE THESE SIMPLE SENTENCES INTO COMPLEX SENTENCES, REPLACING THE SELECTED SECONDARY TERMS WITH SYNONYMIC SUDDENDENT SENTENCES. BE SURE TO USE INDICATION WORDS. 1. Newspapers wrote about the construction of a new school in our area. 2. The master watched the work of a young locksmith and wrote down something in his notebook.
TYPES OF ADDITIONAL PROPOSALS. Determinative adverbial explanatory At the heart of the classification is a question to the subordinate clause and a means of communication.
ADDITIONAL DETERMINANTS. Answering the question what? 2. Explain a noun or another word in the meaning of a noun in the main predicative part. 3. They join the main sentence with the help of a) allied words which, what, where, where, from where, when, whose, what b) unions what, as if, as if. There are people who carry through their lives the feelings they acquired in childhood or adolescence. one.
1. They were sitting in the garden where the orchestra was playing. 2. The morning when this story begins is cloudy but warm. 3. We met a friend whom we had not seen for a long time.
UNIVERSAL EXPLANATORY: They answer case questions. 2. Explain words with the meaning of speech, thought, feeling or state in the main predicative part: a) verbs: speak, say, report, think, understand, recognize, feel, hear, see, decide, regret, rejoice, complain, etc. d; b) adjectives, nouns, category of state: right, glad, sure, happy, guilty, sorry, necessary, rumor, message, news, etc. 1.
3. They join the main predicative part with the help of: a) unions: what, to, as if, how, whether (a particle with the union function); b) allied words: who, what, where, where, where, how, how much, why, why, etc. Suddenly it seemed to me as if a string rang weakly and plaintively in the rooms. My father demanded that I go with him. He said that his brother brought him.
SUDDENDENT CIRCUMSTANCES: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Time Places Goals Causes Conditions Concessions Consequences Modes of action Measures and degrees of comparison
1. ADDITIONAL SENTENCES OF TIME: Indicate the time of the action in the main predicative part; 2) Answer the questions when? how long? since when? How long? ; 3) They join with the help of unions when, while, as soon as, barely, before, while, until, since, suddenly, before. When the count returned, Natasha was impolitely delighted with him and hurried to leave. one)
In the main predicative part, there can be demonstrative words then, until then, after that, etc., as well as the second component of the union (that). I sit until I start feeling hungry. [decree. word until], (until). When you eat fresh cucumbers in winter, your mouth smells like spring. (When), [then].
If in the main predicative part there is a demonstrative word then, in the subordinate part the means of communication is the allied word when. The poet feels the literal meaning of the word even when (s. sl) gives it in a figurative sense.
SUDDENDENT TYPES OF TIME SHOULD BE DIFFERENT FROM OTHER SUDDENDENTS ADDED BY THE UNION WORD WHEN. 1) I saw Yalta the year Chekhov left it. (in what year?) (= in which) 2) Mokhov repeatedly asked me when he could be discharged. (asking about what?)
ADDITIONAL SENTENCES OF PLACE: 1) indicate the place (space) where what is said in the main clause is happening; 2) answer the questions where? where? where? ; 3) are joined with the help of allied words where, where, from where. Go along the free path, where your free mind leads you.
In the main predicative part, there may be demonstrative words there, there, from there, nowhere, everywhere, everywhere, etc. Where the river went, there will be a channel. From where the wind blows, from there the clouds float.
PLACES OF RELATIONSHIP SHOULD BE DIFFERENT FROM OTHER TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS WHICH CAN BE JOINED WITH THE HELP OF ALLOY WORDS WHERE, WHERE, FROM. 1. 2. And Tanya enters the empty house where our hero recently lived. (to which house?) (= in which). I began to remember where I went during the day. (remember what?)
ADDITIONAL OBJECTIVES: Indicate the purpose of what is being said in the main predicative part; 2) Answer the questions why? for what purpose? for what? ; 3) Join with the help of unions to (to), in order to, in order to, then to, in order (obsolete). I woke Pashka so that he would not fall off the road. It is necessary not only to love, but also to be loved in order to be happy. one)
UNDER A SPECIAL LOGICAL IMPACT THE COMPOSITE UNION MAY BREAK UP. IN SUCH A CASE, IN THE ADDITIONAL PART THE UNION IS TO, AND IN THE MAIN PART THE INDEPENDENT WORD APPEARS. I mention this solely to emphasize the absolute authenticity of many of Kuprin's things.
OTHER TYPES OF GOALS SHOULD BE DIFFERENT FROM PARTS WITH UNION TO. I want the pen to be equated with the bayonet. (I want what?) The landing time was calculated so that we could get to the landing site at dawn. (was calculated how? how?)
ADDITIONAL REASONS: 1) indicate the reason for what is said in the main predicative part; 2) answer the questions why? for what reason? ; 3) join with the help of unions because, because, because, because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that. Every work is important, because it ennobles a person. Due to the fact that we staged new plays every day, our theater was eagerly attended.
UNDER A SPECIAL LOGICAL IMPACT THE COMPOSITE UNION MAY BREAK UP. IN THIS CASE, THE CONNECTION WHAT IS REMAINING IN THE RELATED PART, AND THE INDICATIVE WORD APPEARS IN THE MAIN PART. That is why the people who live with me on earth are dear to me.
ADDITIONAL CONSEQUENCES: 1) indicate a consequence, a conclusion that follows from the content of the main predicative part; 2) answer the questions what follows from this? what happened as a result of this? ; 3) always join with the help of the union so. The heat was increasing, so that it became difficult to breathe. Adverbial clauses always come after the main predicative part.
ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS (CONDITIONAL). 1) indicate the conditions for the implementation of what is said in the main predicative part; 2) answer the question under what condition? ; 3) join with the help of unions if, if ... then, when (= if), when ... then, if, as soon as, once, in case. If I get sick, I won't go to the doctors.
IF THE SUBDICATIVE CONDITION IS IN THE FIRST PLACE, THEN IN THE MAIN PREDICATIVE PART THERE MAY BE THE SECOND PART OF THE UNION -. THAT Since we started talking, it's better to finish everything.
ADDITIONAL CONCESSIONS (CONCESSION). 1) in the subordinate clause it is reported about the event, contrary to which the action is carried out, the event named in the main predicative part; 2) answer questions no matter what? contrary to what? ; 3) join Ø with unions although, although ... but, despite the fact that, despite the fact that, despite the fact that, let, let Ø with allied words in combination with a particle neither: no matter how much, no matter what (whatever).
EXAMPLES: And although he was an ardent rake, he finally fell out of love with abuse, and a saber, and lead. Let the rose be plucked, it still blooms. It was quiet and overcast in the steppe, despite the fact that the sun had risen. No matter how much I love you, once I get used to it, I will stop loving you immediately.
COMPARATIVE SUBJECTS: 1) the content of the main predicative part is compared with the content of the subordinate clause; 2) the question cannot be asked; 3) join with the help of unions like, exactly, as if, as if, as if, like, as if, than ... that. As in summer a swarm of midges flies to the flame, flakes flew from the yard to the window frame.
DOUBLE CONNECTION SUBJECTS ... THEM INDICATE THE MUTUAL CONDITIONING OF THE PARTS. The less we love a woman, the easier she likes us. Clauses with conjunction than refer to an adjective or adverb in a comparative degree from the main predicative part. Time passed more slowly than the clouds crawled across the sky.
ADDITIONAL MODES OF ACTION AND DEGREES: 1) reveal the image, method of action or indicate the measure or degree of action, the attribute indicated in the main predicative part; 2) answer the questions how? how? how much? in what degree? To what extent? ; 3) join with the help of Ø unions what, to, as if, as if, exactly, etc.; Ø allied words like, how much, how much, etc.
IN THE MAIN SENTENCE, AS A RULE, CONTAIN INDICATIVE WORDS: 1) pronouns such (such); 2) adverbs so, so. The offensive proceeded as planned in the headquarters. (how?) - an adjective of the mode of action. The old woman wanted to repeat her story as much as I wanted to listen to it. (how much?) - subordinate measure and degree.
UNIQUENESS AND POLYSEMINATION OF SUCH MODALITIES AND DEGREES. 1) subordinate clauses are considered unambiguous if they are joined by allied words like, how much, how much. 2) subordinate clauses are considered ambiguous if they are joined by unions (it is the union that brings additional meaning): White acacias smelled so strongly that their sweet smell was felt on the lips. (subordinate measure and degree + additional meaning of the consequence).
A beautiful girl should be dressed in such a way as to stand out from the surroundings. (subordinate mode of action + additional meaning of the goal). This whole little plant sparkled at our feet as if it were made of crystal. (subordinate measures and degrees + additional comparison value).
According to the meaning and structure, NGNs are divided into three main groups. The clauses in these complex sentences correspond to three groups of secondary members of the sentence: definitions, additions and circumstances *.
Types of subordinate clauses
| 1. Definitive (including pronominal-determinative) | What questions are answered? whose? Who exactly? what exactly? and refer to the noun or pronoun in the main part; join most often with the help of allied words which, which, whose, where, etc. and unions what, to, as if, etc. | The native places where I grew up will forever remain in my heart; He who does nothing will achieve nothing; She looked with such a look that everyone fell silent. |
| 2. Explanatory | They answer questions of indirect cases and usually refer to the predicate in the main part; join with the help of unions what, to, if, whether, if, etc. and allied words where, where, how much, which, etc. | I soon realized that I was lost; It seemed to him that everyone around him rejoiced at his happiness. |
| 3. Circumstantial: | ||
| mode of action, measure and degree | Answer questions how? how? to what extent? in what degree? how much? and usually refer to one word in the main clause; join with the help of unions what, to, as if, exactly, and allied words like, how much, how much. | We were so tired that we couldn't go any further. |
| time | Answer questions when? From what time? until what time? how long? and usually refer to the entire main sentence; join with the help of conjunctions when, while, as, while, as, for now, as long as, after, barely, since, just, a little, before, as soon as, just, just now , only, just a little, earlier than, before. | Until the rain stops, we will have to stay at home. |
| places | Answer questions where? where? where? and usually refer to the entire main sentence; join with the help of allied words where, where, from where. | People go to folklore practice where folk traditions of song and tale are still alive. |
| goals | Answer questions why? for what purpose? and usually refer to the entire main sentence; join with the help of unions so that, in order to, so that, then so that, so that, if only, yes, if only. | In order not to get lost, we went to the path. |
| causes | Answering questions why? from what? for what reason? and usually refer to the entire main sentence; join with the help of unions because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, then that, since, for, good, because, due to the fact that, especially since . | Because the candle burned weakly, the room was almost dark. |
| conditions | Answer the question under what condition? and usually refer to the entire main sentence; join with the help of unions if, if, when, if, if, how, once, how soon, whether ... whether. | If the weather does not improve within a day, the trip will have to be rescheduled. |
| concessions | Answer questions no matter what? contrary to what? and usually refer to the entire main sentence; join with the help of unions, although, despite the fact that, despite the fact that, even if the combinations of pronominal words with a particle are no matter how, where, no matter how much, no matter where. | Despite the fact that it was already well after midnight, the guests did not disperse; No matter how the tree rots, it keeps growing. |
| comparisons | Answer questions like what? like who? than what? than who? and usually refer to the entire main sentence; join with the help of unions as, like, as if, as if, exactly, as if, as if, what. | Birch branches stretch towards the sun, as if stretching out their hands to it. |
| consequences | Answer questions about why what happened? what follows from this? and usually refer to the entire main sentence; join with the help of the union so. | The summer was not very hot, so the mushroom harvest should be good. |
Subordinate explanatory clauses can be attached to the main one with the help of the particle li, used in the meaning of the union. For example: He did not know if he would come tomorrow. The particle conjunction li can serve to convey an indirect question: They asked if we would go with them. REMEMBER: the main question for determining the type of subordinate clauses is the semantic question. Conjunctions and allied words can add additional shades of meaning to NGN. For example: The village where Eugene missed was a lovely corner. This is a complex sentence with an attributive clause, which has an additional spatial connotation of meaning.
According to the meaning and structure, NGNs are divided into three main groups. The clauses in these complex sentences correspond to three groups of secondary members of the sentence: definitions, additions and circumstances.
Definitive (including pronominal-determinative)
Explanatory
circumstantial:
mode of action, measure and degree (how?, how?),
time (when?, what time?),
places (where?, where?, where?),
goals (why?, for what purpose?),
reasons (why?, why?),
conditions (under what condition?, in what case?),
consequences
NGN can have not one, but several subordinate clauses.
Types of complex sentences
Based on what the clauses refer to and how they relate to each other, there are three types of NGN with several clauses.
NGN with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. With such subordination, the first clause refers to the main clause, the second to the first clause, the third to the second clause, etc. The specificity of the clauses is that each of them is a clause in relation to the previous and main in relation to subsequent.
NGN with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main clause or to the entire main clause, answer the same question, and belong to the same type of subordinate clauses.
NGN with heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (or with parallel subordination). With such subordination, the subordinate clauses include:
- a) to different words of the main sentence, or one part to the whole main, and the other to one of its words;
- b) to one word or to the entire main clause, but they answer different questions and are different types of subordinate clauses.