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- Situations of moral choice show the true qualities of a person
- A brave, strong-willed person in a difficult life situation would rather choose death than a shameful life.
- Moral choices are often so complex that they can lead to dire consequences.
- Only a coward can go over to the side of someone he considered an enemy for a better life.
- Situations of moral choice are not always associated with a threat to human life
- By the behavior of a person in situations of moral choice, we can judge his inner qualities.
- A real person, devoted to his moral principles, will not be stopped by any life circumstances
Arguments
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" More than once, Petr Grinev found himself in difficult life situations when he had to make a choice on which his future life depended. During the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, the hero had two ways: to recognize the sovereign in Pugachev or to be executed. Despite fear, Pyotr Grinev refused to swear allegiance to the impostor, not daring to betray his native country. This is not the only situation of moral choice in which the hero made the right decision and proved that he is a man of honor. Already under investigation, he did not mention that he was connected with Pugachev because of Masha Mironova, because he did not want trouble for his beloved. If Pyotr Grinev had told about her, the girl would certainly have been brought to the investigation. He did not want this, although such information could justify him. Situations of moral choice showed the true inner qualities of Pyotr Grinev: the reader understands that he is a man of honor, devoted to the Motherland and true to his word.
A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The fate of Tatyana Larina is tragic. In love with Eugene Onegin, she did not see anyone as her fiancé. Tatyana has to marry Prince N., a good man, whom she, however, does not love. Eugene rejected her, not taking the girl's confession of love seriously. Later, Onegin sees her at one of the social evenings. Tatyana Larina is changing: she becomes a stately princess. Eugene Onegin writes letters to her, confesses his love, hoping that she will leave her husband. For Tatyana, this is a situation of moral choice. She does the right thing: she keeps her honor and loyalty to her husband. Although Tatyana is still in love with Onegin, she asks to be left alone.
M. Sholokhov "The fate of man." The trials that people went through in wartime showed the willpower and character of everyone. Andrey Sokolov showed himself as a man loyal to the military duty of soldiers. Once captured, he was not afraid to express his thoughts about the backbreaking work that the prisoners were forced to do. When, due to someone's denunciation, he was called to Muller, the hero refused to drink for the victory of German weapons. He was ready to endure hunger, to give up the desire to drink before death, but to preserve his honor and show the true qualities of a Russian soldier. The moral choice of Andrei Sokolov allows us to consider him a real person with great strength, who loves his country.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The situation of moral choice, in which Natasha Rostova finds herself, is not connected with the threat to her life. When everyone left Moscow besieged by the French, the Rostov family took away their belongings. The heroine was faced with a choice: to take things away or give carts to transport the wounded. Natasha Rostova chose not things, but help people. The situation of moral choice showed that for the heroine material well-being is not as important as helping those who are in trouble. We can say that Natasha Rostova is a person with high moral values.
M. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita". Everyone makes a moral choice based on their life principles, goals, attitudes and desires. The dearest person in life for Margarita was her Master. To see her beloved, she no doubt agreed to a deal with the devil. In a situation of moral choice, she chose what is dearest to her, despite all the horror of the way to achieve her goal. Margarita was ready for anything, even for such a dishonorable act, because the meeting with the Master was vital for her.
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". Sometimes only the possibility of choosing one's life path reveals true human qualities. Andriy, the youngest son of Taras Bulba, who went over to the side of the enemy because of his love for the Pole, showed the true traits of his character in a situation of moral choice. He betrayed his father, brother and his homeland, showing vulnerability to the power of love. A real warrior would not reckon with any enemy, but Andriy was not like that. Circumstances broke him, showed the inability of the young man to be faithful to military duty, devoted to his native land.
V. Sanin "Seventy degrees below zero". Sinitsyn did not prepare winter fuel for Gavrilov, which endangered Gavrilov's life in severe frosts. Sinitsyn had a choice: at first he wanted to do everything to ensure the safety of the expedition, but then he was afraid of adverse consequences for his mistake and left everything as it was. The situation of moral choice showed that Sinitsyn is a cowardly person, for whom the desire to remain without punishment is more important than the life of another person, which depends on him.
(according to the works of the war period)
How it was! How coincident-
War, trouble, dream and youth!
And it all sunk into me
And only then I woke up!
(David Samoilov)
The world of literature is a complex wonderful world, and at the same time very contradictory. Especially at the turn of the century, where newly pouring, new collides with what sometimes sees or becomes exemplary, classic. Either one formation is replaced by another: views, ideology change accordingly, sometimes even morality, the foundations collapse (which happened at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries). Everything changes. And today, on the threshold of the 21st century, we feel it ourselves. Only one thing remains unchanged: memory. We should be grateful to those writers who left behind once recognized, and sometimes unrecognized work. These works make us think about the meaning of life, return to that time, look at it through the eyes of writers of different trends, compare conflicting points of view. These works are a living memory of those artists who did not remain ordinary contemplators of what was happening. “How much memory is in a person, so much is a person in him,” writes V. Rasputin. And let our grateful memory be our indifferent attitude to their creations.
We survived a terrible war, perhaps the most terrible and difficult in terms of its victims and destruction in the entire history of mankind. A war that brought millions of innocent lives of mothers and children behind it, trying to somehow resist this wedge of fascism, which goes deeper and deeper into the consciousness of every person on the planet. But after more than half a century, we are beginning to forget the horror and fear that our fathers and grandfathers experienced while defending their homeland. We are no longer surprised by the slightly disguised swastika of Hitler's Nazism. It is strange why the country and the people who stopped fascism, it would seem once and for all, are now getting people like Ilyukhin and Barkashov. Why, hiding behind the holy ideals of the unity and well-being of mother Russia, they at the same time walk around with Nazi swastikas on their sleeves and images of Hitler on their chests.
And again, Russia is faced with a choice - a choice so complex and ambiguous that it makes one think about the meaning of worldly existence and the purpose of our existence on this planet.
In this work, I tried what is called to delve into the very essence of these two words - choice and morality. What do they mean for each of us and how we will behave in a situation that pushes us to an immoral crime, pushes us to a crime against ourselves, against the established opinion about the purity of the human soul and about morality, against the laws of God.
Choice is nothing but a variant of the further path of human development. The only difference between choice and fortune is that choice is a deliberate, conscious and thoughtful behavior of a person, directed or better to say proceeding from human needs and the main sense of self-preservation.
What are good and beautiful, in my opinion, the writers of the war period, if only because they are a mirror of the human soul. As if approaching a person, they turn to a certain angle, thereby showing the soul of a person from all sides. Vyacheslav Kondratiev, in my opinion, is no exception.
The tales and stories of Kondratiev take us to the Far East (heroes served in the army in the army there, the war caught them there), and to the wary - harsh, but calm Moscow forty-two. But in the center of the artistic universe of Kondratiev, that Ovsyannikov field - in craters from mines, shells and bombs, with uncleaned corpses, with bullet-proof helmets lying around, with a tank knocked out in one of the first battles.
Ovsyannikovskoe field is not remarkable in anything. Field as field. But for the heroes of Kondratiev, everything important in their life takes place here, and many are not destined to cross it, they will remain here forever. And those who are lucky enough to return from here alive will remember it forever in all its details. - every hollow, every hillock, every path. For those who fight here, even the smallest thing is full of considerable significance: huts, and small trenches, and the last pinch of terrycloth, and felt boots that cannot be dried in any way, and half a pot of thin millet porridge a day for two. All this made up the life of a soldier at the forefront, that's what it was made of, what it was filled with. Even death was ordinary here, although the hope did not fade away that it was unlikely to get out of here alive and not crippled.
Now, from a distance of peaceful times, it may seem that Kondratiev’s details alone are not so significant. - you can do without them: the date that marked a pack of concentrate, cakes from rotten, sour potatoes. But it's all true, it was. Is it possible, turning away from dirt, blood, suffering, to appreciate the courage of a soldier, to truly understand what the war cost the people? It is here that the moral choice of the hero begins - between spoiled food, between corpses, between fear. A piece of war-torn land, a handful of people - the most ordinary, but at the same time unique in their own way on the entire planet. These people were able to endure, they were able to carry through the whole war a human being and a human soul, not once stained in this mess of a dirty war. Kondratiev in a small space completely depicted the life of the people. In the small world of the Ovsyannikov field, the essential features and patterns of the big world are revealed, the fate of the people is presented at a time of great historical upheavals. In the small, he invariably shows the big. The same date on a pack of concentrate, indicating that it was not from the reserve, but immediately, without delay or delay, got to the front, without further ado indicates the extreme limit of the tension of the forces of the whole country.
Front life - reality of a special kind: meetings here are fleeting - at any moment an order or a bullet could separate them for a long time, often forever. But under fire in a few days and hours, and sometimes in just one act, the character of a person manifested itself with such exhaustive fullness, with such utmost clarity and certainty, which are sometimes unattainable under normal conditions even with many years of friendly relations.
Imagine that the war spared both Sashka and that seriously wounded soldier from the “dads”, whom the hero, himself wounded, bandaged and to whom, having reached the medical platoon, he brought orderlies. Would Sasha remember this incident? Rather, there is nothing at all, for him there is nothing special about him, he did what he took for granted, without attaching any importance to it. But that wounded soldier, whose life Sashka saved, will certainly never forget him. What if he doesn't know anything about Sasha, not even his name. The act itself revealed to him the most important thing in Sasha. And if their acquaintance had continued, it would not have added so much to what he learned about Sasha in those few minutes when he knocked down his shell fragment, and he lay in the grove, bleeding. And not one event can characterize the morality of a person - than this one. And Sashka gave preference to the right choice - the choice of human conscience and human mercy.
Often they say, referring to the fate of a person, - river of life. At the front, its course became catastrophically swift, it imperiously carried a person along with it and carried him from one bloody whirlpool to another. How little opportunity he had for free choice! But, choosing, each time he puts his life or the life of his subordinates at stake. The price of choice here is always life, although you usually have to choose things that seem ordinary - position with a wider view, cover on the battlefield.
Kondratiev is trying to convey this unstoppable movement of the flow of life that subjugates a person; sometimes he has a hero in the foreground - Sasha. And although he tries to use all the emerging opportunities for choice, he does not miss situations, the outcome of which may depend on his ingenuity, endurance, he - still at the mercy of this indomitable stream of military reality - while he is alive and well, he will again go on the attack, press himself under fire into the ground, eat what he has to, sleep where he has to ...
The story "Sasha" was immediately noticed and appreciated. Readers and critics, this time showing a rare unanimity, assigned it a place among the greatest successes of our military literature. This story, which made up the name of Vyacheslav Kondratiev, still reminds us of the horrors of that war.
But Kondratiev was not alone, the problems of moral choice fell on the shoulders of other writers of that time. Yuri Bondarev wrote a lot about the war, "Hot Snow" occupies a special place, opening up new approaches to solving the moral and psychological problems posed in his first stories - "Battalions ask for fire" and "Last volleys". These three books about the war are a complete and the developing world, which in "Hot Snow" reached its greatest completeness and figurative power. The first stories, independent in all respects, were at the same time, as it were, a preparation for a novel, perhaps not yet conceived, but living in the depths of the writer's memory.
The events of the novel "Hot Snow" unfold near Stalingrad, south of the blockaded by Soviet troops of the 6th Army of General Paulus, in the cold December 1942, when one of our armies withstood the blow of the tank divisions of Field Marshal Manstein in the Volga steppe, who sought to break through the corridor to the army of Paulus and get her out of the way. The outcome of the battle on the Volga, and perhaps even the timing of the end of the war itself, largely depended on the success or failure of this operation. The duration of the novel is limited to just a few days, during which the heroes of Yuri Bondarev selflessly defend a tiny patch of land from German tanks. Thus showing the height of human heroism and the boundlessness of Russian patriotism.
A moral choice, in my opinion, is a decision made by a person how to act correctly in a given situation. It is based on the concept of GOOD and EVIL and is an indicator of the moral and ethical attitudes of a person: most people act as their conscience allows them. Moral choices, in my opinion, are life itself.
Any choice directs a person's life in a certain direction, which he is able to change. The rulers of states cannot avoid the moral choice, therefore the whole world history, all mankind rests on the morality of the elect. But personal moral choice is no less important: it characterizes the person himself, showing how he is - good or bad, friend or not ... Examples of personal choice are present in the text of A. Aleksin and in one story that happened to me.
As the first argument confirming my point of view, we can cite several sentences from the story, which show the act of Vanya Belov. He took Senka Golubkin's blame on himself, appearing "in the midst" of a conversation with the director and saying that he had taken six notebooks with dictation (30-34). A normal act of a person who rescues a friend from trouble. Another thing is surprising: Senka “did not feel grateful to Vanya Belov, on the contrary, it was from then on that he disliked him” (38). This is the moral choice of man: one saves, the other hates. It all depends on the person and his character.
The second argument in favor of my opinion will be a short story about a recent story. There was a math lesson, my class was solving tests. Suddenly a whisper is heard: my friend asks to let him write off. I faced a choice: let me rewrite my answers - I will help at the moment, but I will ruin the study of all the material, because a friend thoughtlessly writes off and does not understand anything, I refuse - I will offend him, but I will help to take up my mind. And I didn't give my notebook. It was my choice. The most amazing thing is that my friend understood me and was not offended.
I think by giving two arguments, I proved my understanding of the words "moral choice". Unfortunately, not all people make the right choice. You need to be careful and prudent when choosing your action in a given situation, then the world will become a much better place.
Text 11.1
(1) There are people who painfully experience other people's successes. (2) This was Senya Golubkin. (3) Everywhere he seemed to see the benefits and privileges enjoyed by others. (4) If someone fell ill, Senka said: (5) “Clearly ... (6) I decided to take a break!” (7) If someone received an A for homework, he would ask: (8) “What, did mommy and daddy work hard?”
(9) It seemed to him that any luck comes to people as if at his expense. (10) Envy, in which lies the source of many human weaknesses and vices, did not leave Senka alone ...
(11) It was difficult to find people more dissimilar than Vanya and Senka. (12) At that time, Vanya still sympathized with him very much. (13) When Senya, confused and straining, wandered through the labyrinths of the famous quatrains, Vanya suffered. (14) And after the lesson, in which Golubkin received another deuce, this big man pushed the short Vanya: he, it turns out, did not prompt clearly and clearly enough.
(15) Once a “district” dictation was appointed, and Senya Golubkin was in a panic: a deuce for that dictation threatened him with repetition.
(16) After the dictation, Senka ran along the corridor and asked his
classmates:
- (17) How do you spell "during"?
(18) They answered him.
- (19) There is one mistake! - he said and bent his finger. - (20) And how did you write it yourself? (21) Right?
(22) If it turned out that it was right, Senka whined:
- (23) Well, of course, I wrote it myself!
(24) After the "district" dictation, Senka did not have enough fingers on both
hands: he counted twelve mistakes. (25) Except commas and dashes...
(26) At a break, Vanya Belov approached me and asked:
- (27) Well, Vera Matveevna, will Golubkin now stay for the second year?
- (28) I don't know. (29) Haven't checked yet.
(30) When I sat down in the teacher's room for notebooks, it turned out that six works from the pack had disappeared. (31) Among them were the dictations of Senya Golubkin and Vanya.
(32) At a big break, the director and I in the empty classroom became
break through to Golubkin's conscience. (33) It was then, in the midst of our conversation, that Vanya Belov appeared and said:
- (34) I have come to give myself into the hands of justice!
(35) I did not believe that he pulled out the dictations, but the director agreed
with Vanya's version. (36) After the lessons, six students, whose works disappeared, rewrote the dictation. (37) Senya Golubkin received a triple, because he had already discovered his mistakes during the break, and moved to the seventh grade.
(38) He was not imbued with gratitude to Vanya Belov, on the contrary, it was
since then, and disliked him. (39) Golubkin did not forgive nobility, just as he did not forgive literacy to those who helped him find mistakes. (40) Vanya Belov understood this. (41) After Senka once again annoyed his savior in something, I, as if in passing, said to Vanya:
- (42) Well ... not a single good deed goes unpunished?
- (43) You never know what happens! he replied. - (44) Because of this, do not believe everyone?
(According to A. Aleksin)*
*Aleksin Anatoly Georgievich (born in 1924) - writer, playwright. His works, such as "My brother plays the clarinet", "Characters and performers", "Third in the fifth row", etc., tell about the world of youth.
What is a moral choice?
A moral choice is, first of all, a choice between good and evil: loyalty and betrayal, love and hatred, mercy or indifference, conscience or dishonor, law or lawlessness ... Every person makes it throughout his life, perhaps more than once.
From childhood, we were taught what is good and what is bad. Sometimes life presents us with a choice: to be sincere or hypocritical, to do good or bad deeds. And this choice depends on the person himself. I will prove this thesis by citing arguments from the text of V.K. Zheleznikov and analyzing my own life experience.
As a first argument confirming my point of view, I will take a few sentences. Vitya congratulated his mother on the 8th of March and also took flowers to his neighbor, Lena Popova (15-17). The girl was glad for the attention, but in the class “everyone immediately whispered, looking at Vitya”, and at recess they began to call her “groom” (21-31). He splashed out his resentment on the flowers that he gave to his mother (33-37). Unfortunately, he did not manage to choose correctly between the ability to remain himself and the inability to resist public opinion.
As a second argument proving the thesis, I will give an example from the reader's experience. In A.S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”, the main character faces a moral choice: to refuse a duel with Lensky or not to refuse. On the one hand, there was the opinion of society, which would be condemned for refusal, and on the other, Lensky, a friend whose death was not needed. Eugene made, in my opinion, the wrong choice: a person's life is more valuable than public opinion.
Thus, I proved that we are constantly faced with a moral choice, sometimes even in ordinary things. And this choice must be the right one, so as not to regret later.
Text 11.3
(1) In the morning, in a crystal vase on the table, Vitya saw a huge bouquet of mimosa. (2) The flowers were so yellow and fresh, like the first warm day!
“(3) Dad gave it to me,” said mom. - (4) After all, today is the eighth of March.
(5) Indeed, today is the eighth of March, and he completely forgot about it. (6) He immediately ran to his room, grabbed a briefcase, pulled out a postcard in which it was written: “Dear Mom, I congratulate you on the Eighth of March and I promise to always obey you,” and solemnly handed it to my mother.
(7) And when he was already leaving for school, his mother suddenly suggested:
- (8) Take a few sprigs of mimosa and give to Lena Popova.
(9) Lena Popova was his desk mate.
- (10) Why? he asked gloomily.
- (11) And then, that today is the Eighth of March, and I am sure that all your boys will give something to the girls.
(12) He took three branches of mimosa and went to school.
(13) On the way, it seemed to him that everyone was looking at him. (14) But at the school itself he was lucky: he met Lena Popova. (15) Running up to her, he held out a mimosa.
- (16) This is for you.
- (17) Me? (18) Oh, how beautiful! (19) Thank you very much, Vitya!
(20) She seemed ready to thank him for another hour, but he turned and ran away.
(21) And at the first break it turned out that none of the boys in their class gave the girls anything. (22) None. (23) Only in front of Lena Popova were tender branches of mimosa.
- (24) Where do you get flowers from? the teacher asked.
- (25) Vitya gave it to me, - Lena said calmly. (26) Everyone immediately whispered, looking at Vitya, and Vitya lowered his head low.
(27) And at the break, when Vitya approached the guys as if nothing had happened, although he already felt unkind, Valery began to grimace, looking at him.
- (28) And now the groom has come! (29) Hello, young groom!
(30) The guys laughed. (31) And then high school students passed by,
and everyone looked at him and asked whose bridegroom he was.
(32) Barely having sat through the end of the lessons, as soon as the bell rang, he rushed home with all his might, so that there, at home, he could vent his annoyance and resentment.
(33) When mom opened the door for him, he shouted:
- (34) It's you, it's your fault, it's all because of you!
(35) Vitya ran into the room, grabbed the mimosa branches and threw them on the floor.
- (36) I hate these flowers, I hate them!
(37) He began to trample the mimosa branches with his feet, and the delicate yellow flowers burst and died under the rough sole of his boots.
(38) And Lena Popova carried home three tender branches of mimosa in a wet cloth so that they would not wither. (39) She carried them in front of her, and it seemed to her that the sun was reflected in them, that they were so beautiful, so special ... (According to V. Zheleznikov) *
*Vladimir Karpovich Zheleznikov (born in 1925) is a contemporary Russian children's writer and screenwriter. His works devoted to the problems of growing up have become classics of Russian children's literature and have been translated into many languages of the world.