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Shota Rustaveli (Georgian: შოთა რუსთაველი, circa 1172-1216) - Georgian statesman and poet of the 12th century, author of the textbook epic poem “The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger.”

Biographical information about the poet is extremely scarce. He apparently received the nickname “Rustaveli” from his place of birth in the village of Rustavi.

There were several geographical points with the name Rustavi in that era. According to some sources, the poet belonged to a famous family and was the owner of the Rustavi majorate.

Some information regarding the personality of Rustaveli can be gleaned from the introduction to his poem, which states that it was written in praise of Queen Tamara. In the final lines of “The Knight...” the poet declares that he is a Meskh.

He studied in Greece, then was the treasury guard of Queen Tamara (his signature was found on an act of 1190). This was the time of Georgia's political power and the flourishing of lyric poetry at the magnificent court of the young queen, with signs of medieval knightly service.

Some historical data can be gleaned from the Synodic (memorial book) of the Monastery of the Cross in Jerusalem.

A 13th century record mentions Shota, naming his position at court.

In the monastery itself there is a fresco portrait (from the first half of the 13th century) of a nobleman in secular clothes, and the inscription there mentions “Rustaveli.” From this we can conclude that Rustaveli was a dignitary who provided great support to the monastery.

Familiar with poems and philosophy, theology, the beginnings of poetry and rhetoric, Persian and Arabic literature, Rustaveli devoted himself to literary activity and wrote the poem “The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger,” the beauty and pride of Georgian writing. According to one legend, hopelessly in love with his mistress, he ended his life in a monastery cell.

It is reported that Timothy, Metropolitan of Georgia in the 18th century, saw in Jerusalem, in the Church of St. The cross, built by the Georgian kings, the grave and the portrait of Rustaveli, in the hair shirt of the ascetic.

According to another version, Rustaveli, in love with the queen, however, marries some Nina and soon after the wedding receives from the “lady of ideal worship” an order to translate into Georgian the literary gift presented to her by the defeated Shah.

Having completed the assignment brilliantly, he refuses the reward for his work. A week after this, his headless corpse was found. To this day, there are many legends about Rustaveli and his relationship with Queen Tamara.

According to legend, Catholicos John, who patronized the poet during the life of the queen, then began the persecution of Rustaveli. According to legends, he went to Jerusalem, where he was buried, but these legends are not supported by facts.

Already in the 18th century, Patriarch Anthony I publicly burned several copies of “The Knight in the Tiger Skin,” printed in 1712 by King Vakhtang VI.

Rustaveli Shota Rustaveli Shota (years of birth and death unknown), Georgian poet of the 12th century, author of the poem “The Knight in the Skin of a Leopard” (another name is “The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger”). Little reliable biographical information about R. has been preserved. The main source of information is the prologue of the poem, dedicated to Queen Tamara (ruled 1184-1213) and her co-ruler-husband David Soslani. Thus, the poem (not R.’s first work) was created no earlier than the late 80s. 12th century and no later than the 1st decade of the 13th century. It can be assumed that R. was born at the turn of the 60s-70s. 12th century In the prologue, the author of the poem, Rustaveli (Rustveli), is mentioned twice, which means “the owner of the Rustavi estate” or “a native of Rustavi.” The name of the poet - Shota - is found in iconographic and literary monuments starting from the 13th century. It is believed that R. was the state treasurer of the queen, restored and painted the Georgian monastery of St. Cross in Jerusalem. On one of the columns of this monastery a fresco was discovered, according to scientists, depicting R.

“The Knight...” is one of the greatest poems of world literature. Its characters are representatives of different nations (including fictional ones). Skillfully using plot disguise techniques, R. artistically truthfully depicts the contemporary reality of Georgia. The poem combines two main narrative cycles (Indian - the line of Tariel and Nestan-Darejan, and Arabic - the line of Avtandil and Tinatin). Deep psychological characteristics of the heroes, depiction of the inner essence of phenomena are the main features of R.’s innovation. He created a gallery of living, full-blooded, plastic characters; his heroes are selfless, fearless fighters for the triumph of justice and happiness, generalized, typified images of the advanced people of feudal Georgia in the 12th century. The main character of the poem, the virtuous and meek Nestan-Darejan, is overcome by a spirit of protest when she learns that she is awaiting a forced marriage. The heroine bravely endures imprisonment in the Kadzhet fortress, which is a symbol of tyranny, fanaticism and earthly darkness. The struggle of three twin knights for the liberation of Nestan is crowned with victory. The optimistic idea of the triumph of justice over arbitrariness, good over evil lies at the heart of the poem: a person must dare, he can achieve complete happiness on earth.

R.'s poem is an enthusiastic hymn to free, earthly, pure and sublime love. The poet rejects crudely sensual, carnally base love. The poem clearly expresses the idea of admiration for women, and poetically substantiates the possibility of moral and intellectual equality between men and women.

Some scholars believe that the theme of brotherhood and friendship prevails in the poem over the theme of love. However, Rustavel’s knights fraternized precisely in the name of victory and the salvation of love. Thus, we can talk about the equality of these two themes in the poem.

The poem is imbued with the idea of patriotism. The political ideal of Russia is a united, strong, autocratic state headed by an enlightened and humane king. The poet condemns feudal strife and separatist aspirations of the nobility, values a reasonable life, worthy of a noble person. His heroes are not afraid of death. The poet stigmatizes false knights, cowardly would-be warriors, vile cowards and traitors, perjurers, flatterers and hypocrites. He extols knightly valor and courage, courage and daring.

R. was one of the first in world literature to paint a colorful realistic picture of merchant life, contrasting it with the idealized life of a courtly-knightly society.

“The Knight...” undoubtedly has some similarities with Western European romances of chivalry and with Eastern epic-romantic poems of the Middle Ages, but in general R. followed an independent path. A great humanist, he, in contrast to church-ascetic morality, proclaims personal freedom, freedom of thought and feelings, and advocates for human life, not predetermined by divine providence or fate. R. embodied the ideals and aspirations of his people, but national limitations are alien to him. The world of his ideas has universal significance. With his free-thinking, the poet anticipated the humanistic ideas of the Early Renaissance.

Having absorbed the wealth of ancient Georgian written culture and at the same time following the best folklore traditions, R. developed and raised Georgian poetry as a whole to great heights. The poem is written in elegant, light, musically melodious verse Shairi. R. is a legislator and unsurpassed master of this verse. R.'s poetic speech is characterized by metaphor and aphorism. Lyrical preludes and epistoles, without disturbing the dynamism of the action, colorfully frame the plot and enliven the narrative. R. is the founder of the new Georgian literary language.

There are more than 50 editions of the poem in Georgian. 1st ed. edited and with comments by Vakhtang VI, it was published in Tbilisi in 1712. The poem was translated into many languages of the peoples of the USSR and into foreign languages. There are 5 complete translations of the poem into Russian (K. D. Balmont, P. A. Petrenko, G. Tsagareli, Sh. Nutsubidze, N. A. Zabolotsky). R.'s name was given to the Georgian Drama Theater, the Theater Institute in Tbilisi, and the Research Institute of Georgian Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR.

Lit.: Marr N., Introductory and final stanzas of “The Knight in Leopard Skin” Shota from Rustav, St. Petersburg, 1910; by him, On the origins of Rustaveli’s work and his poem, Tb., 1964; Verkov P., Shota Rustaveli in Russian literature, “Izv. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. UN", 1938, No. 3; Goltsev V., Shota Rustaveli, 2nd ed., M., 1956; Nutsubidze Sh., Creativity of Rustaveli, Tb., 1958; Orbeli I., Heroes of Rustaveli and their subjects, Ibr. works, Er., 1963: Baramidze A., Shota Rustaveli, M., 1966; Tsaishvili S., “The Knight in the Skin of the Tiger” Shota Rustaveli, M., 1966; Samarin R., Rustaveli’s poem and the world literary process of the 12th–13th centuries, “Literary Georgia”, 1967, No. 3; Shishmarev V., Shota Rustaveli, in his book: Izbr. Art., Leningrad, 1972: Conrad N., “The Knight in the Tiger’s Skin” and the question of Renaissance romanticism, in his book: West and East. Articles, 2nd ed., M., 1972.

A. G. Baramidze.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Rustaveli Shota" is in other dictionaries:

Shota Rustaveli შოთა რუსთაველი “Shota Rustaveli”, Flerier, Paris, 1852 Date of birth: ca. 1172 Date of death: ca. 1216 Occupation: Georgian statesman and poet of the 12th century ... Wikipedia

Rustaveli, Shota- Shota Rustaveli. RUSTAVELI Shota, Georgian poet of the 12th century. He was the state treasurer of Queen Tamara. Author of the poem “The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger,” which is included in the treasury of world literature. Anticipated the humanistic ideas of the Early Renaissance.... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Rustaveli (Shota) is the most famous Georgian poet of the 12th century. Biographical information about him is scarce and legendary. His name, Shota, shortened from Ashot, is not found in Christian calendars. The poet received the nickname Rustaveli from his place of birth in... Biographical Dictionary

- (c. 1172 c. 1216) Georgian poet. He held the position of state treasurer of Queen Tamara. He was the founder of the new Georgian literary language. Among the works is the poem Knight in Tiger Skin. Aphorisms, quotes Everyone imagines himself... Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms

Georgian poet of the 12th century. He was the state treasurer of Queen Tamara. The author of the poem The Knight in the Tiger's Skin, which is included in the treasury of world literature. Anticipated the humanistic ideas of the Early Renaissance. He proclaimed personal freedom, sang... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Georgian poet of the 12th century. He was the state treasurer of Queen Tamara. Author of the poem “The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger,” which is included in the treasury of world literature. Anticipated the humanistic ideas of the Early Renaissance. He proclaimed personal freedom, sang... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

RUSTAVELI Shota- Georgian poet of the 12th century. There was a state treasurer of Queen Tamara, restored and painted the cargo. monasteries, the Cross in Jerusalem. Poem "The Knight in the Tiger's Skin." First ed. (edited and with comments by Vakhtang VI) published in 1712.■ Trans. K. D. Balmont (M.,... ... Literary encyclopedic dictionary

- (real name unknown; year of birth and death unknown) – cargo. poet of the 12th century Ps. "Rustaveli" indicates the poet's birthplace - Rustavi. There was a state treasurer of Queen Tamara. Author of the poem “The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger,” which is included in the treasury of world literature.... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Pseudonyms

Books

Vephistkaosani. Knight in tiger skin. True story, Rustaveli Shota. This edition contains a prose interlinear translation of Sh. Rustaveli's poem "Vepkhistkaosani" ("The Knight in the Tiger's Skin"). This is precisely the presentation of the famous text, but, in fact, not...

cargo. შოთა რუსთაველი

Georgian statesman and poet of the 12th century

OK. 1172 - 1216

short biography

An outstanding Georgian poet, statesman, author of the greatest literary monument - the poem “The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger”. Information about his life is scarce and not confirmed by historical documents. It is believed that he was born around 1172 (other sources give figures of 1160-1166). Most likely, Rustaveli’s nickname was associated with his small homeland - the village of Rustavi, of which there were several with that name at that time. It is possible that he was a descendant of a famous ancient family and was the owner of the Rustavi primogeniture.

It is known that he received his education in Greece and was state treasurer at the court of Queen Tamara. At this time, Georgia was a politically powerful state in which art flourished at the court, including lyric poetry, which had signs of knightly service. In the Georgian Monastery of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem there is a fresco portrait depicting a nobleman in secular clothing with the inscription "Rustaveli" under the portrait. This gives reason to believe that Rustaveli was a nobleman and supported the monastery.

Shota Rustaveli was not only a wonderful poet, but also an excellent restorer and artist. The above-mentioned Jerusalem monastery was renovated and painted by him. Nevertheless, in world culture the name of Rustaveli is associated primarily with his poetry. It was in literary creativity that he found his calling. His work was helped by his knowledge of Arabic and Persian literature, the foundations of rhetoric and literature, theology, and familiarity with Platonic philosophy and Homeric writings. Rustaveli's lyrical poetry is characterized by aphorism and metaphor. A real masterpiece of not only national, but also world literature is the poem “The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger” - a hymn to patriotism, service to the fatherland, friendship and love.

There is no reliable information about the death of Shota Rustaveli, as well as about many other things in his biography. The poet’s relationship with Queen Tamara also became the object of numerous legends. One of the legends says that an unrequited feeling for her led Rustaveli to the monastic cell. Another legend claims that, despite his love for the queen, Rustaveli got married, and some time after the wedding, Queen Tamara ordered him to translate into Georgian a literary gift - a poem that the Shah presented to her. Refusal of a reward for a job well done cost him his life: a week later his headless corpse was discovered. There is also a legend that after the death of Queen Tamara, Rustaveli fell into disgrace from Catholicos John, who had previously patronized him. This forced the poet to go to Jerusalem, where he spent the rest of his life. It is believed that he died around 1216.

Biography from Wikipedia

Shota Rustaveli(Georgian შოთა რუსთაველი, about 1172-1216) - Georgian statesman and poet of the 12th century. He is considered the author of the textbook epic poem “The Knight in the Tiger’s Skin” (translated as “The Knight in the Leopard’s Skin”).

Biographical information about the poet is extremely scarce. There is a widespread version that his surname comes from the village of Rustavi, where he was allegedly born, and some see the location of the village of Rustavi near Akhaltsikhe, others in Karayazakh.

Meanwhile, Shota himself writes his last name not “Rustaveli”, but “Rustveli”; this may indicate that Shota does not come from a specific village of Rustavi. There were several geographical locations with the name Rustavi in that era.

There is also a version that Rustaveli is rather a nickname that was given to Shota’s father, who allegedly owned the Rustavi Majorate and came from an influential wealthy family; The poet's real surname is different.

The exact dates of birth and death of the poet, his origin, and many places in his biography are still unknown. Almost nothing is known about Rustaveli's father; there are no reliable facts that Rustaveli had brothers and/or sisters; Nothing is known about the mother at all. And although in the final lines of “The Knight in Tiger Skin” the poet declares that he is a Meskh, this in no way allows us to speak confidently about Shota’s Meskhetian origin. It is likely that he could have made such a statement under the influence of his environment, as happened with some famous people.

Some historical data can be gleaned from the Synodic (memorial book) of the Monastery of the Cross in Jerusalem. A 13th century record mentions Shota, naming his position at court. In the monastery itself there is a fresco portrait (from the first half of the 13th century) of a nobleman in secular clothes, and the inscription there mentions “Rustaveli.” From this we can conclude that Rustaveli was a dignitary who provided great support to the monastery.

Familiar with the poems of Homer and the philosophy of Plato, theology, the principles of literature and rhetoric, Persian and Arabic literature, Rustaveli devoted himself to literary activity and wrote the poem “The Knight in the Tiger’s Skin,” the beauty and pride of Georgian writing. According to one legend, hopelessly in love with his mistress, he ended his life in a monastery cell. It is reported that Timothy, Metropolitan of Georgia in the 18th century, saw in Jerusalem, in the Church of St. The cross, built by the Georgian kings, the grave and the portrait of Rustaveli, in the hair shirt of the ascetic. According to another version, Rustaveli, in love with the queen, however, marries some Nina and soon after the wedding receives from the “lady of ideal worship” an order to translate into Georgian the literary gift presented to her by the defeated Shah. Having completed the assignment brilliantly, he refuses the reward for his work. A week after this, his headless corpse was found. To this day, there are many legends about Rustaveli and his relationship with Queen Tamara.

Already in the 18th century, Patriarch Anthony I publicly burned several copies of “The Knight in the Tiger Skin,” printed in 1712 by King Vakhtang VI.

Poem "The Knight in Tiger Skin" the pen of Shota Rustaveli is a phenomenon for all world literature, for the values that the poet defends are dear to everyone: this is loyalty to the word and friendship, courage, love.

Translations

Complete translations of “The Knight in the Tiger’s Skin” are available in Russian, German (Leist, “Der Mann im Tigerfelle”, Leipzig, 1880), French (“La peau de léopard”, 1885), English, Arabic, Azerbaijani, Armenian, Ossetian, Spanish, Italian, Ukrainian (“The Knight in the Skin of the Tiger”, 1937, Mykola Bazhan), Chinese, Kurdish, Kyrgyz, Persian, Japanese, Chuvash (2008, translated by Yukhma Mishsha), in Hebrew, Hindi, etc. There are two complete texts - translated in 1960 from the Russian translation by Nikolai Zabolotsky and a translation from the Georgian original as edited by King Vakhtang VI, carried out in 1976 by Jerzy Zagorsky.

In Russian there are 5 complete poetic translations of the poem (Konstantin Balmont, 1933; Panteleimon Petrenko, 1937; Georgiy Tsagareli, 1937; Shalva Nutsubidze, 1937; Nikolai Zabolotsky, 1957) and dozens of its editions. There is also a line-by-line translation by S. G. Iordanishvili, which passed from hand to hand in typewritten form for a long time until it was published in 1966 (N. Zabolotsky, in particular, resorted to this line-by-line translation), republished in 2015 with detailed comments and accompanying articles.

From the 30s to the 80s of the 20th century, excerpts from the poem were often translated and published many times in all languages of the peoples of the USSR and the countries of the socialist camp.

Memory

The name of Rustaveli was given to the Georgian Drama Theatre, the Theater Institute in Tbilisi, and the Research Institute of Georgian Literature of the Georgian Academy of Sciences. In the USSR, the name was given to the Batumi State Pedagogical Institute.
The following are named after Rustaveli:
- Main Avenue, airport and metro station in Tbilisi;
- A street in the center of Yerevan, as well as many streets in many cities in Georgia and the former Soviet Union. For example, the central streets of Kiev, Bishkek, Tashkent and Kharkov, Lvov, outlying streets in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Vladikavkaz, Omsk, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Tula, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Karaganda, Mariupol, Odessa and Sumy bear the name Shota Rustaveli
- Street in Jerusalem on which the Monastery of the Holy Cross is located;
- One of the peaks of the Bezengi Wall of the Caucasus is Shota Rustaveli Peak.
Postage stamps dedicated to Rustaveli were issued in the USSR.
In the 1930s in the USSR, the State Porcelain Factory produced a porcelain figurine dedicated to Rustaveli.

USSR postage stamp,
1938

Illustration for the poem “The Knight in the Tiger’s Skin”: based on the fig. S. Kobuladze, 1935-1937.

USSR postage stamp,
1956

USSR postal block dedicated to the 800th anniversary of the poet

USSR postage stamp dedicated to the 800th anniversary of the poet

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Shota Rustaveli is an outstanding Georgian poet, statesman, author of the greatest literary monument - the poem “The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger”. Information about his life is scarce and not confirmed by historical documents. It is believed that he was born around 1172 (other sources give figures of 1160-1166). Most likely, Rustaveli’s nickname was associated with his small homeland - the village of Rustavi, of which there were several with that name at that time. It is possible that he was a descendant of a famous ancient family and was the owner of the Rustavi primogeniture.

Rustaveli Shota Rustaveli (Shota) is the most famous Georgian poet of the 12th century. Biographical information about him is scarce and legendary. His name, Shota, shortened from Ashot, is not found in Christian calendars. The poet received the nickname “Rustaveli” from his place of birth in the village. Rustavi (in the current Akhaltsikhe district of Tiflis province). He himself says in his poem that he is a “meskh,” that is, a resident of the Akhaltsikhe region. R. completed his education in Greece. He was the treasurer of Queen Tamara (we have his signature on one act of 1190). This was the time of Georgia's political power and the flourishing of lyric poetry at the magnificent court of the young queen, with all the signs of medieval knightly service. Familiar with the poems of Homer and the philosophy of Plato, theology, the principles of literature and rhetoric, Persian and Arabic literature, Rustaveli devoted himself entirely to literary activity and wrote the poem “Leopard Skin” (more correctly “The Man in Leopard Skin”), the beauty and pride of Georgian writing. Hopelessly in love with his mistress, he ended his life in a monastery cell. Timothy, Metropolitan of Georgia in the 18th century, saw in Jerusalem, in the church of St. A cross built by the Georgian kings, a grave and a portrait of R., in the hair shirt of an ascetic. According to one legend, R., in love with the queen, however, marries some Nina and soon after the wedding receives from the “lady of ideal worship” an order to translate into Georgian the literary gift presented to her by the defeated Shah. Having completed the assignment brilliantly, he refuses the reward for his work. A week after this, his headless corpse was found. To this day, there are many legends about R. and his relationship with Tamara. The poem "Leopard Skin" has 1637 stanzas (according to the editorship of Academician Brosse) with 16 syllables per verse. It has come down to us in numerous manuscripts, with a lot of interpolations and additions, and with a continuation known as “Omaniani”. The reason for the absence of the oldest copies of the poem close to the time of its creation is, in addition to the severe disasters that befell Georgia from foreign hordes, that “Leopard Skin” was persecuted by the clergy as a work of a secular nature that was contrary to Christian humility. Catholicos John, even during the life of the queen, who patronized the poet, initiated, according to legend, persecution of R. In the 18th century, Patriarch Anthony I, an enlightened writer, publicly burned several copies of Leopard Skin, printed in 1712 by King Vakhtang VI. To this day, the question of where R. comes from remains unresolved. borrowed the plot of his poem. Three opinions have been expressed in the literature: the first is based on the words of R. himself, who in the 16th stanza of the poem states that “he found a Persian story and translated it into verse, like a large pearl passing from hand to hand”; however, the Persian original, despite all the searches, has not yet been found. The second opinion was first expressed by Professor D.I. Chubinov, who proves that R. did not borrow the plot of “Leopard Skin” from Eastern writers; it was created by him and aimed at glorifying Queen Tamara. The third opinion belongs to A. Khakhanov; comparing R.'s poems with folk songs about Tariel, he suggested that the artificial poem of the 12th century is based on folk poetry, just as “Faust” and “Hamlet” go back to medieval folk traditions. R. used a folk tale to depict a great historical era. A comparison of the songs circulating among the Georgian people about Tariel with Rustaveli’s poem, where Tariel is the main character, reveals their unconditional similarity in the general plot and in details. On the other hand, a comparison of Tamara’s life with the events described in the poem gives reason to think that Tamara herself is hiding under the name of the main character, Nestan-Darejana. One might think that the poet deliberately transferred the plot of “Leopard Skin” to an ideal location - “India, Arabia, China” - in order to divert the reader from guessing and hide his love, “for which there is no cure...”. The heroes and heroines of Leopard Skin suffer persecution from an evil fate, but after long wanderings, united by marriage, they enjoy happiness. The meaning of the poem lies in its artistic treatment, psychological analysis and generously scattered wise sayings, which even after seven hundred years are pronounced by the Georgian with a feeling of special reverence. R. inspires to “free the slaves”, proclaims equality of the sexes (“the offspring of a lion remains a lion, no matter what gender it is”), calls for generous mercy: “what is distributed by you is yours, what is not is lost.” He places personal merit above noble origin, prefers a glorious death to a shameful life, does not tolerate a deceitful person, declaring: “lies and treason are two sisters.” Such thoughts made Leopard's Skin an educational book for the people, and talented technique made it synonymous with sublime and artistic poetry for Georgians. The poem has been translated, partly in full, partly in fragments, into German (Leist "Der Mann im Tigerfelle", Leipzig, 1880), French ("La peau de leopard", 1885), English, Russian, Polish and Armenian. After 1712, it was printed several times in St. Petersburg and in various cities of Georgia. In 1855, the tragedy “Leopard Skin” appeared in Moscow, written in Russian, in verse, by Tsarevich Okropir. R.'s poem in 1890 was translated by K. Meskhi into a drama, which was staged in Tiflis. A poetic Russian translation of an excerpt from Leopard Skin, by Bardtinsky, was published in Illustration (No. 6 - 7, for 1845). See Khakhanov “Essays on the history of Georgian literature” (issue II, pp. 243 - 298). The best critical article on interpolations belongs to A. S-li; it continues to this day in publication in the Georgian magazine “Moambe”, starting in 1895 (with interruptions). The best edition of the poem, with rich illustrations, appeared in Tiflis in 1889. A. Khakhanov.

Biographical Dictionary. 2000 .

See what "Rustaveli Shota" is in other dictionaries:

- (years of birth and death unknown), Georgian poet of the 12th century, author of the poem “The Knight in the Skin of a Leopard” (another name is “The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger”). Little reliable biographical information about R. has been preserved. The main source of information is the prologue of the poem,... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Books

Vephistkaosani. Knight in tiger skin. True story, Rustaveli Shota. This edition contains a prose interlinear translation of Sh. Rustaveli's poem "Vepkhistkaosani" ("The Knight in the Tiger's Skin"). This is precisely the presentation of the famous text, but, in fact, not...