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SUBSCRIPTION - delivery of books to your home Fairy tales Stories Books about animals Poems Comics and other children's books
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READING ROOM Books and other publications are not issued at home to the Encyclopedia; Dictionaries; Directories; Periodicals; Audio cassettes; Video cassettes; CDs.
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Book Depository Multi-copy literature Textbooks Particularly valuable literature Little-requested literature
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RULES FOR USE OF THE LIBRARY You must be quiet in the library, because... noise disturbs other readers. Books must be returned on time, because other readers are waiting for them. In our library, you can borrow a book for 1 month. Library books must be handled with special care so that as many children as possible can read them. Library books must not be lost, otherwise there will not be a single book left in the library. Books in the library (from the open access collection) must be placed exactly in the place where you got them. Otherwise, the librarian will not be able to quickly find this book for another reader.
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Rules for using the book You cannot bend the book. Book pages must not be folded. You cannot put pencils and pens in books; use a bookmark when reading. You cannot write or draw in books. You can't read books while eating.
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Hello! My name is the gnome BOOKMAN. Are you going to visit my city? But to get there, you must complete the tasks of its inhabitants. You are ready? Then go ahead!!!
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Guess the letter GNOME QUESTIONS LETTER KNOWLEDGE Y A ZH U V CH K M S At night the letter catches mice, During the day it glows with heat in the desert, It falls from the sky in winter, In summer it rises like a shock. This letter contains all the fun - slides, races, carousels, they sell medicines in it, they let kids read. The letter walks in Africa - It flaunts its long neck, It can last a hundred peek-a-boo And grind grain into flour. That letter was closed and buried on the island, and now it lies in the river and guards the prey. This letter is used to smear wounds, Ladies often have breakfast - They have long known the recipe for Fresh fruit with milk. The letter of the hand will warm us, will be able to quench our thirst, will remove illness from the body and will cross the desert. This letter sleeps in a den, washes its hands, washes its feet, buzzes annoyingly and circles around the room. This letter can tell children about everything in the world, catch crucian carp in the river, carry their house in a backpack. People love to carry this letter with them around the world, to boil water in it, and to drink from it. Well done!
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B Make a word from the letters GNOME QUESTIONS WORD RECOGNIZERS IN CUBES LETTERS WITH CLO A WORDS AND GAN BOOK WELL DONE!
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TASKS OF THE GNOME MYSTERY Somehow he lost his tail, But the guests returned it. He's grumpy like an old man. This sad one... Lived in a bottle for hundreds of years. Finally saw the light. He grew a beard, this kind one... He lived in Prostokvashino and was friends with Matroskin. He was a little simple-minded. The dog's name... With blue hair and huge eyes, This doll is an actress, And her name is... He is a big naughty man and a comedian, He has a house on the roof. He's a braggart and an arrogant guy, and his name is... Guess the fairy-tale hero Well done!
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Well, you've reached my city! I'm glad you completed all the tasks! But I also came up with a test for you. You have to guess the names of the books. Be careful!
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Once upon a time there were seven children - little white ones...... Mom loved them very much, gave the children milk to drink. Here, with a click and a click of his teeth, a gray one appeared... He put on a white skin and sang in a gentle voice. Like a goat, that beast sang: “Open the door, children, ..... Your mother has come, Milk for you ......” You answer without prompting, Who managed to save the children. You know this from the fairy tale ".... and...... ......" Masha is sitting in a box, She is far away... Who is carrying her, answer, With quick steps? And he carries it... Along with the pies. The path is not close, the path is long. Misha wants... Only Masha doesn’t let him sit on a tree stump And a ruddy pie on the way... The little one showed him off, He will be smarter in the future. Here’s a book we have, It’s “...and.....” Once upon a time in a dense forest A house grew up under... Glad is the scratching mouse And the green one... Glad and the little runner - Long-eared... It’s okay that the little house is small in height Furry house , And the boar got there, And the fox, and... There was enough room for everyone in it, That's how wonderful... "Ding-la-la!" - the titmouse sings. This is a fairy tale "........" WELL DONE!
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Issued to 1st grade students that they deserve to become residents of the city of Knigograd! gnome BOOKMAN
The history of libraries. Libraries first appeared in the ancient East. Usually the first library is called a collection of clay tablets, approximately 2500 BC. e., found in the temple of the Babylonian city of Nippur. In one of the tombs near Egyptian Thebes, a box with papyri from the II transition period (XVIII - XVII centuries BC) was discovered. During the New Kingdom era, Ramesses II collected about 20,000 papyri. The most famous ancient Eastern library is a collection of cuneiform tablets from the palace of the Assyrian king of the 7th century BC. e. Ashurbanipal in Nineveh. The main part of the signs contains legal information. In ancient Greece, the first public library was founded in Heraclea by the tyrant Clearchus (IV century BC). The Library of Alexandria became the largest center of ancient books. It was created in the 3rd century BC. e. Ptolemy I and was the center of education of the entire Hellenistic world. The Library of Alexandria was part of the mouse?on (museum) complex. The complex included living rooms, dining rooms, reading rooms, botanical and zoological gardens, an observatory and a library. Later, medical and astronomical instruments, stuffed animals, statues and busts were added and used for teaching. Mouse?on included 200,000 papyri in the Temple (almost all libraries of antiquity were attached to temples) and 700,000 documents in the School. The museum and most of the Library of Alexandria were destroyed around 270 AD. In the Middle Ages, centers of book learning were monastery libraries, which operated scriptoria. Not only the Holy Scriptures and the writings of the Church Fathers, but also the works of ancient authors were copied there. During the Renaissance, Renaissance figures literally hunted for Greek and Latin texts preserved in monasteries. Due to the enormous cost of manuscripts and the laboriousness of their production, books were chained to library shelves. The advent of printing brought about enormous changes in the appearance and activities of libraries, which were now increasingly different from archives. Library collections are beginning to grow rapidly. With the spread of literacy in modern times, the number of library visitors also increases. In total, today there are approximately 130 million book titles in libraries (according to Google). 11/10/2015. 3.
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Library, translated from Greek – “biblio” - book, “teka” - repository, that is, “storehouse of books”.
The role of libraries in people's lives can be judged by the figurative names that have long been assigned to them. They were called temples of wisdom, the memory of humanity, repositories of the treasures of civilization.
The library is an ordinary and at the same time amazing place, because books live in this room. We are accustomed to a book, we rarely think of it as a miracle, as a treasure, and it happens that we do not always appreciate and take care of it. But think about it, until recently the book was the only means of transmitting knowledge from generation to generation. As soon as people invented writing, it became possible to collect and accumulate knowledge.
The entire history of the human mind is connected with books and libraries. This is not a calm story at all! They fought for books, burned them, lost them, found them, dug them up in the ruins of cities buried by time, saved them from enemy invasion as the most precious thing. Today's library seems to be the epitome of peace, quiet and order.
As at all times, she serves people. It is interesting that the first libraries were not just a room where books were stored: they were real libraries in the full sense of the word. There were special tablets on which the first lines of the works stored in the library were written, which helped to conveniently group and then find the required literary source.
The very first libraries appeared in Ancient Egypt. They were called "houses of papyrus" and "houses of life." They were created at palaces and temples. Egyptian pharaohs attached great importance to education. During excavations above the entrance to one of the rooms of the palace of Ramses II, archaeologists discovered the inscription: “Pharmacy for the soul.” According to the ancient Egyptians, books can be compared to a medicine that makes a person’s mind strong and ennobles his soul.
In the 19th century, archaeologists excavated the capital of the Assyrian kings, Nineveh, on the banks of the Tigris River and discovered a cuneiform library there, established by King Ashurbanipal. It was called the “House of Instructions and Advice” and was a huge collection of clay tablets, which, at the direction of the king, were taken from the temples and from the houses of noble and educated Assyrians.
The tablets remained for about twenty years in the British Museum in London. When scientists managed to decipher the cuneiform, it became clear that this was a whole library of clay books. Each such “book” consisted of “sheets” - tablets of the same size. On each tablet was the title of the book - the initial words of the first tablet, and also the number of the “sheet”. The books were placed in strict order, there were catalogs - lists indicating the names of the books and the number of lines in each tablet. It is noteworthy that this library had a thematic catalogue. All her books were divided into topics: history, law, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, legends and myths. The catalog reflected the title of the work. As well as the room and shelf where one should look for the desired sign. About 30 thousand clay books were kept there, each of which had a cuneiform stamp on it: “Palace of Ashurbanipal, King of the Universe, King of Assyria.” The Library of Nineveh is the most famous ancient library.
Ancient Greece, or Hellas, was famous for its scientists and philosophers who created schools and academies with libraries. The first public library was founded by the tyrant Clearchus in Heraclea. The largest private library was considered to be the collection of the ancient Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle. Aristotle's library in Lyca, in the Athens region, where the great ancient philosopher gave his lectures, contained tens of thousands of scrolls. After the death of the scientist, his library became part of the Museion, the Temple of the Muses. During excavations at Geherculaneum, the library of the poet Philodemus was discovered, which contained about 1860 scrolls.
The center of Egyptian culture was Alexandria, where the Ptolemaic dynasty ruled. At the beginning of the third century BC, Ptolemy I decided to turn Egypt into a center of culture and the arts and founded the famous Museion (following the example of the Athenian one). It was a huge ensemble: a university with classrooms and living quarters, an observatory, a botanical garden, a zoo and a famous library of papyrus scrolls. Ptolemy II expanded the Library of Alexandria, sending his people to all corners of the world to obtain the most valuable works.
Under Ptolemy II, the patron saint of scientists and poets, the Museion and the Library of Alexandria reached their greatest prosperity. The son of Ptolemy II, Ptolemy III, issued a decree according to which anyone arriving in the harbor was obliged to give up or sell the books he had. They were transferred to the library, and copies were returned to the owners with a note that they corresponded to the original. The library's collection consisted of 700-800 thousand texts in many languages.
In 47 BC, part of the library burned down, the other was destroyed during clashes between pagans and Christians.
Modern Library of Alexandria. Egypt.
The Library of Alexandria was rivaled by the Library of Pergamon, which was created in the second century BC and contained about 200 thousand papyrus and parchment manuscripts. The Pergamon Library was second only to the Library of Alexandria in terms of the size of its collection. Most of it consisted of medical treatises - Pergamum was considered the center of medicine. The history of the library ended in 43 BC, when Pergamum became a province of Rome, and most of the books ended up in the Library of Alexandria.
Today Pergamum is located in Turkey, and the ruins of the library are among the tourist sites.
The first Roman public library was created according to Greek models by Sesonius Pollio. Later, libraries arose in the Roman Empire, established by the emperors Augustus, Tiberius, Trajan, and Byzantine rulers. The earliest Christian libraries arose in large Episcopal churches.
In 1037, the Kiev prince Yaroslav the Wise (about 980 - 1054) founded the first library in Kievan Rus. She was in the Kiev St. Sophia Cathedral. It was the most complete collection of written monuments of Ancient Rus' - the Gospel, books of prophets, lives of saints. Important government documents were also kept here. 500 volumes - not many European libraries could boast of such a collection at that time. It is unknown where the library of Yaroslav the Wise disappeared: perhaps it perished during a great fire in 1124 or was destroyed in 1240 during the defeat of Kyiv by the troops of the Mongol Khan Batu.
One of the most mysterious libraries is the library of the first Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible (1530 – 1584). He possessed a unique book collection, which he kept in the deep dungeons of the Kremlin. Foreigners who saw the book collection said that there were, among other things, very rare books. After the death of the king, his library became a legend, as it disappeared without a trace. The mystery of the library has haunted historians and archaeologists for centuries. To this day, the search for the library has not been successful.
Since the time when the first libraries arose, their custodians have been concerned that books do not go missing. The book sign has long served this purpose. Nowadays it is called bookplate.
The first public library in Russia was the Public Library in St. Petersburg. It was founded in 1795. It was allowed to be visited by “all decently dressed citizens” three days a week from 9 am until sunset.
The largest in Russia, and the second in the world in terms of the number of stored materials (after the US Library of Congress) is the Russian State Library in Moscow (until 1992 - Lenin Library). It contains about 40 million publications. Currently, microfiche, microfilms, transparencies, audio and video cassettes are becoming more and more widespread and included in the collection of libraries, and electronic media are also becoming more widespread.
Libraries are: state, municipal, private, educational and scientific.
There are special libraries: historical, medical, technical, pedagogical, artistic, agricultural, etc.
And there are the most ordinary libraries, which are always close to home - regional ones, where you can just go and read a few pages about something interesting or leaf through a magazine that you have no longer been able to subscribe to or buy.
And there are probably also personal (home) libraries in every family, at least those about which Conan Doyle wrote: “Let your bookshelf be poor, let it decorate your home. Close the door of the room from the inside... You have left everything low, everything vulgar behind. Here, waiting for you, your silent friends stand in rows. Look around their formation. Choose the one that is closest to your soul now. Now all that remains is to reach out to him and go with him to the land of dreams.”
Eternal companions: writers about books, reading, bibliophilia / Comp. A. Blum. - M: Book, 1983. - 223 p.
School Student's Handbook. History of world culture / Comp. F. Kapitsa.- M.: Philological. society “Slovo”, TKO “AST”, 1996.- 610 p.
Great libraries // Book world Terra – 2000- No. 2 – p.44-45
Library lesson-presentation “History of world libraries. History of the Central State Public Library named after. M. Gorky"
Audience: 5th grade of secondary school No. 1.
Goal: to give students systematic knowledge of the basics of the history of libraries in the world and the Central City Public Library named after. M. Gorky, Konstantinovka, Donetsk region.
Equipment: computer or laptop.
(At the beginning of the lesson, an audio recording of the “fanfare” from O. Gurtova’s song to the words of T. Prigozhin “Song about Readers” performed by BDH is turned on.)
Dear Guys! Today we will take you on a fascinating virtual journey into the history of libraries around the world. But first, we will all try to remember the basic rules for handling books. And a fun, humorous blitz tournament “So that the book lives longer...” will help us with this.
(A blitz tournament is being held - see appendix)
Well done boys! Now I am sure that you know how to use books carefully and wisely. And now - the promised journey “deep into the centuries.”
(The presentation “History of World Libraries: From Antiquity to the Present Day” is shown; a short story is heard in the background of the slides).
Libraries first appeared in the ancient East. Usually the first library is called a collection of clay tablets, approximately 2500 BC. e., found in the temple of the Babylonian city of Nippur. In one of the tombs near Egyptian Thebes, a box with papyri from the II transition period (XVIII-XVII centuries BC) was discovered. During the New Kingdom era, Ramesses II collected about 20,000 papyri. The most famous ancient Eastern library is a collection of cuneiform tablets from the palace of the Assyrian king of the 7th century BC. e. Ashurbanipal in Nineveh. The main part of the signs contains legal information. In ancient Greece, the first public library was founded in Heraclea by the tyrant Clearchus (IV century BC). The Library of Alexandria became the largest center of ancient books. It was created in the 3rd century BC. e. Ptolemy I and was the center of education of the entire Hellenistic world. The Library of Alexandria was part of the mouseĩon (museum) complex. The complex included living rooms, dining rooms, reading rooms, botanical and zoological gardens, an observatory and a library. Later, medical and astronomical instruments, stuffed animals, statues and busts were added and used for teaching. Mouseĩon included 200,000 papyri in the Temple (almost all libraries of antiquity were attached to temples) and 700,000 documents in the School. The museum and most of the Library of Alexandria were destroyed around 270 AD.
In the Middle Ages, centers of book learning were monastery libraries, which operated scriptoria. Not only the Holy Scriptures and the writings of the Church Fathers, but also the works of ancient authors were copied there. During the Renaissance, Renaissance figures literally hunted for Greek and Latin texts preserved in monasteries. Due to the enormous cost of manuscripts and the laboriousness of their production, books were chained to library shelves. To this day, there is an ancient library of the monastery of St. Floriana, Austria. There are about 30,000 books in its premises. The advent of printing brought enormous changes to the appearance and activities of libraries, which were now increasingly different from archives. Library collections are beginning to grow rapidly. With the spread of literacy in modern times, the number of library visitors also increases. In total, today there are approximately 130 million book titles in libraries.
No less interesting is the history of our Konstantinovskaya Central City Public Library named after M. Gorky.
(The presentation “Our city library is our history is shown! The Central City Public Library named after M. Gorky is 70 years old!”)
And at the end of our lesson with you, we will watch a video together in which you will see and hear a lot of interesting things about the most unusual and beautiful libraries of the modern world and Ukraine.
(The video “Libraries of the World” is shown http://into.rusfolder.net/files/37214350).
So, in our lesson you learned a lot of interesting things about the past and future of libraries - the guardians of human wisdom. But remember – the world of new knowledge and useful skills is far from exhausted, and our subsequent classes will help you master them! See you again, young friends!
Sample subtitle History of books and libraries Library lesson for grade 2
History has not preserved detailed information about ancient libraries, but from the small fragments that modern scientists have, one can get an idea of the most ancient book collections. Ruins of the Ephesus Library of Celsius
Rock paintings of ancient people
Rock art of the Urals
Or maybe they are aliens?
Ancient books
Papyrus These are reed stems processed in a special way. Long sheets of papyrus were rolled into a scroll. They painted with thin reeds (kalam).
Parchment This is treated calfskin. You can write on both sides and the sheets can be folded.
Clay tablets Icons were pressed out on wet clay, then the tablets were fired or dried in the sun. The sheets were put into a book and numbered. Each clay “leaf” was stamped with the library seal “Palace of Ashurbanipal, King of the Universe, King of Assyria.” The books in the library were in alphabetical order.
“Pharmacy for the soul” In Antiquity and the Ancient East, libraries existed in two forms: as book depositories and as public centers whose tasks included the dissemination of knowledge. In the early Middle Ages, libraries appeared at monasteries and cathedrals. The most famous ancient Egyptian library belonged to Pharaoh Ramses , it was called “Pharmacy for
Tetradion A sheet of parchment was folded in half in the form of a notebook and written on both sides. The word notebook comes from the Greek “tetradion,” which means “folded in four.” The notebooks were sewn together to form a book. The finished manuscript was bound in a strong binding made of wooden boards covered with leather and with metal corners and clasps. This is where the proverb “Read a book from blackboard to blackboard” comes from.
Libraries Libraries have been around for a very long time. At first, libraries were simply repositories of books. They could only be used with the permission of the ruler of the state or the owner of the library.
Ancient Libraries In ancient times, books were very expensive. Therefore, they were kept very carefully in libraries and were not loaned out to people at home.
Library of Alexandria The Library of Alexandria is the most famous library of antiquity. It was part of one of the main scientific centers of the ancient world - the Alexandria Museum.
The Library of Alexandria is one of the 7 wonders of the world. Its fund amounted to 700-800 thousand texts. The rulers of Alexandria actively replenished it.
Modern Library of Alexandria
Literacy in Rus' In Rus', people were also literate. And they wrote on birch bark - birch bark. Here are two private letters.
Man-book Traditions were kept in the memory of people. Storytellers passed them on from generation to generation.
Handwritten and printed books
Printing In the 15th century in Europe, Johannes Gutenberg invented printing. And in the 16th century in Russia, Ivan Fedorov began publishing books in Russian.
Book printing in Russia A printing house was also opened in Moscow. In Rus', book printing was started by Ivan Fedorov. This was almost 500 years ago. In 1563 they printed the first book, from which we learned that Tsar Ivan the Terrible ordered “to find the craftsmanship of printed books” and ordered the construction of a house from the royal treasury for
Library. 1804
England. 1813
Rome. Fountain of books.
Statue from books
“If, as a result of some devastating catastrophe, all centers of education and culture disappear from the face of the earth, if there is nothing left in the world except libraries, the world and humanity will have the opportunity to be reborn.”
Vatican Library
Library of the Strakhov Monastery in Prague.
National Library. Vein. Austria.
Library of the Monastery of St. Benedict. Austria
Monastic library. Melk. Austria
Scotland. Glasgow School of Art Library.
Germany. Potsdam. Library of the King Frederick School.
New York Public Library
Austria. National Library
Library of Congress in Washington.
Public library in Paris
Spain. Madrid. Library of the Academy of Sciences.
Portugal. State University Library.
Vatican. Main library.
USA. Massachusetts. Cambridge.
USA. Massachusetts. Cambridge.
USA. Michigan. Main library.
Canada. Ottawa.
National Library of Tatarstan (project)
Russian State Library
Library named after Pushkin
St. Petersburg National Library